ECE 30 Introduction to Computer Engineering
|
|
- Gerard Leonard
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ECE 30 Introduction to Computer Engineering Study Problems, Set #4 Spring 2015 Note: To properly study and understand the problems below, it is strongly recommended to implement and run your solution (and/or the proposed solution) in SPIM. 1. Write a program that allows the user to input two integers and calculates its sum. Solution:.data message:.asciiz "sum = ".text.globl main main: addiu $sp, $sp, -32 # begin callee organizational tasks; stack frame sw $ra, 20($sp) # $ra stored on stack frame sw $fp, 16($sp) # $fp stored on stack frame addiu $fp, $sp, 32 # end callee organizational tasks; setup $fp li $v0, 5 # system call for read_int move $s0, $v0 # move first number read to $s0 li $v0, 5 # system call for read_int add $t2, $s0, $v0 # add the two numbers and store in $t2 li $v0, 4 la $a0, message li $v0, 1 move $a0, $t2 lw $ra, 20($sp) lw $fp, 16($sp) addiu $sp, $sp, 32 jr $ra # system call for print_string # message to be printed # system call for print_int # number in $t2 is to be printed # begin callee organizational tasks; restore $ra # restore $fp # end callee organizational tasks; pop stack frame # return to caller 1
2 2. Write a procedure in MIPS R2000 assembly language that illustrates the use of switch-case in C language for selection. Suppose you have 8 different colours which are black, blue, yellow, green, red, purple, orange and white. Number them as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 respectively. Your code should read an integer (i.e., 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7), select the corresponding color and print it to the console. Solution:.text main: li $v0, 5 # system call for read_int move $s0, $v0 # move color number to $s0 bne $s0, 0, c1 # if s0!= 0 (black), jump to c1 la $a0, black # else load address of black in $a0 # jump to cx c1: bne $s0, 1, c2 # if s0!= 1 (blue), jump to c2 la $a0, blue # else load address of blue in $a0 # jump to cx c2: bne $s0, 2, c3 # if s0!= 2 (yellow), jump to c3 la $a0, yellow # else load address of yellow in $a0 # jump to cx c3: bne $s0, 3, c4 # if s0!= 3 (green), jump to c4 la $a0, green # else load address of green in $a0 # jump to cx c4: bne $s0, 4, c5 # same for red la $a0, red c5: bne $s0, 5, c6 # same for purple la $a0, purple c6: bne $s0, 6, c7 # same for orange la $a0, orange c7: bne $s0, 7, c8 # same for white la $a0, white c8: la $a0, other # default case: load address of other in $a0 2
3 cx: li $v0, 4 # system call for print_string.data black:.asciiz "black\n" blue:.asciiz "blue\n" yellow:.asciiz "yellow\n" green:.asciiz "green\n" red:.asciiz "red\n" purple:.asciiz "purple\n" orange:.asciiz "orange\n" white:.asciiz "white\n" other:.asciiz "other\n" 3. Write a program to compute 4 i=1 i2. Your code should print the following to the console: Result : 30. Solution: main: move $s0, $zero # $s0 : i move $s1, $zero # $s1 : sum addi $s2, $zero, 4 # $s2 : upper bound (4) for the sum loop: mul $t0, $s0, $s0 # Compute i^2 add $s1, $s1, $t0 # Accumulate sum addi $s0, $s0, 1 # Increase i ble $s0, $s2, loop # Loop control: if (i <= 4) goto loop # Print string "\nresult : " li $v0, 4 # system call for print_string (option: 4) la $a0, str # load the string address into $a0 (argument) # Print sum (integer) li $v0, 1 # system call for print_int (option: 1) move $a0, $s1 # Print string "\n" li $v0, 4 # system call for print_string (option: 4) la $a0, newl # load the string address into $a0 (argument) 3
4 .data str:.asciiz "\nresult : " newl:.asciiz "\n" 4. Write a procedure in assembly to calculate the n-th number in the Fibonacci sequence, The pseudocode is written below. The main function prompts the user for the value of n and outputs an answer of the form f(6) = 8 (for n equal to 6). void main print_string("n = ") n = read_int v = fibonacci(n) print_string("f(") print_int(n) print_string(") = ") print_int(v) int fibonacci(int n) if n == 0 return 0 elseif n == 1 return 1 else return fibonacci(n-1) + fibonacci(n-2) You only need to write the code for fibonacci. The code for the main function is given below. Complete the program and run it in SPIM..data prompt:.asciiz "\nn = " str1:.asciiz "f(" str2:.asciiz ") = " main:.globl main.globl fibonacci.text # Establish new frame # 4
5 # decrement the stack pointer addiu $sp, $sp, -12 # save return address sw $ra, 8($sp) # save old frame pointer sw $fp, 4($sp) # set frame pointer addiu $fp, $sp, 12 # Run procedure # # print prompt li $v0, 4 la $a0, prompt # read N li $v0, 5 move $a0, $v0 # store N on stack sw $a0, 0($fp) # call fibonacci jal fibonacci # store V in temporary register $t0 move $t0, $v0 # print "f(" li $v0, 4 la $a0, str1 # print N li $v0, 1 lw $a0, 0($fp) # print ") = " li $v0, 4 la $a0, str2 5
6 # Pop stack # # print V li $v0, 1 move $a0, $t0 # restore return address lw $ra, 8($sp) # restore frame pointer lw $fp, 4($sp) # increment stack pointer addiu $sp, $sp, 12 # return to caller jr $ra fibonacci: # (your code here) Solution: fibonacci: # Establish new frame # # decrement the stack pointer addiu $sp, $sp, -16 # save return address sw $ra, 8($sp) # save old frame pointer sw $fp, 4($sp) # set frame pointer addiu $fp, $sp, 16 # Run procedure # # check if n == 0 bne $a0, $zero, skip1 6
7 # set V = 0 li $v0, 0 # jump to done j done skip1: # check if n == 1 li $t0, 1 bne $a0, $t0, skip2 # set V = 1 li $v0, 1 # jump to done j done skip2: # store N on stack sw $a0, 0($fp) # call fibonacci(n-1) addi $a0, $a0, -1 jal fibonacci # store fibonacci(n-1) on stack # this establishes two steps in one: # - store the result $v0 in temporary register $t0 # - push $t0 on the stack to conserve it through the next procedure call sw $v0, -4($fp) # restore N from stack lw $a0, 0($fp) # call fibonacci(n-2) addi $a0, $a0, -2 jal fibonacci # Pop stack # # restore fibonacci(n-1) from stack, into $t0 lw $t0, -4($fp) # fibonacci(n) = fibonacci(n-1) + fibonacci(n-2) add $v0, $t0, $v0 done: # restore return address lw $ra, 8($sp) 7
8 # restore frame pointer lw $fp, 4($sp) # increment stack pointer addiu $sp, $sp, 16 # return to caller jr $ra 8
COMP 303 Computer Architecture Lecture 3. Comp 303 Computer Architecture
COMP 303 Computer Architecture Lecture 3 Comp 303 Computer Architecture 1 Supporting procedures in computer hardware The execution of a procedure Place parameters in a place where the procedure can access
More informationECE 30 Introduction to Computer Engineering
ECE 30 Introduction to Computer Engineering Study Problems, Set #3 Spring 2015 Use the MIPS assembly instructions listed below to solve the following problems. arithmetic add add sub subtract addi add
More informationSubroutines. int main() { int i, j; i = 5; j = celtokel(i); i = j; return 0;}
Subroutines Also called procedures or functions Example C code: int main() { int i, j; i = 5; j = celtokel(i); i = j; return 0;} // subroutine converts Celsius to kelvin int celtokel(int i) { return (i
More informationMIPS Functions and the Runtime Stack
MIPS Functions and the Runtime Stack COE 301 Computer Organization Prof. Muhamed Mudawar College of Computer Sciences and Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Presentation Outline
More informationFunction Calls. 1 Administrivia. Tom Kelliher, CS 240. Feb. 13, Announcements. Collect homework. Assignment. Read
Function Calls Tom Kelliher, CS 240 Feb. 13, 2002 1 Administrivia Announcements Collect homework. Assignment Read 3.7 9. From Last Time SPIM lab. Outline 1. Function calls: stack execution model, memory
More informationCourse Administration
Fall 2017 EE 3613: Computer Organization Chapter 2: Instruction Set Architecture Introduction 3/4 Avinash Kodi Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
More informationSPIM Instruction Set
SPIM Instruction Set This document gives an overview of the more common instructions used in the SPIM simulator. Overview The SPIM simulator implements the full MIPS instruction set, as well as a large
More informationReview of Activation Frames. FP of caller Y X Return value A B C
Review of Activation Frames In general, activation frames are organized like this: HI LO Bookkeeping/preserved registers I/O parameters Locals and temps RA of caller FP of caller Y X Return value A B C
More informationFunction Calls. Tom Kelliher, CS 220. Oct. 24, SPIM programs due Wednesday. Refer to homework handout for what to turn in, and how.
Function Calls Tom Kelliher, CS 220 Oct. 24, 2011 1 Administrivia Announcements Assignment SPIM programs due Wednesday. Refer to homework handout for what to turn in, and how. From Last Time Outline 1.
More informationLectures 5. Announcements: Today: Oops in Strings/pointers (example from last time) Functions in MIPS
Lectures 5 Announcements: Today: Oops in Strings/pointers (example from last time) Functions in MIPS 1 OOPS - What does this C code do? int foo(char *s) { int L = 0; while (*s++) { ++L; } return L; } 2
More informationMIPS Assembly Language Programming
MIPS Assembly Language Programming COE 308 Computer Architecture Prof. Muhamed Mudawar College of Computer Sciences and Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Presentation Outline Assembly
More informationMIPS Procedure Calls. Lecture 6 CS301
MIPS Procedure Calls Lecture 6 CS301 Function Call Steps Place parameters in accessible location Transfer control to function Acquire storage for procedure variables Perform calculations in function Place
More informationECE 473 Computer Architecture and Organization Lab 4: MIPS Assembly Programming Due: Wednesday, Oct. 19, 2011 (30 points)
ECE 473 Computer Architecture and Organization Lab 4: MIPS Assembly Programming Due: Wednesday, Oct. 19, 2011 (30 points) Objectives: Get familiar with MIPS instructions Assemble, execute and debug MIPS
More informationLecture 5: Procedure Calls
Lecture 5: Procedure Calls Today s topics: Procedure calls and register saving conventions 1 Example Convert to assembly: while (save[i] == k) i += 1; i and k are in $s3 and $s5 and base of array save[]
More informationQtSPIM and MARS : MIPS Simulators
QtSPIM and MARS : MIPS Simulators Learning MIPS & SPIM MIPS assembly is a low-level programming language The best way to learn any programming language is to write code We will get you started by going
More informationMIPS Assembly Language Programming
MIPS Assembly Language Programming ICS 233 Computer Architecture and Assembly Language Dr. Aiman El-Maleh College of Computer Sciences and Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals [Adapted
More informationSolutions for Chapter 2 Exercises
Solutions for Chapter 2 Exercises 1 Solutions for Chapter 2 Exercises 2.2 By lookup using the table in Figure 2.5 on page 62, 7fff fffa hex = 0111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1010 two = 2,147,483,642
More informationMIPS Assembly (FuncDons)
ECPE 170 Jeff Shafer University of the Pacific MIPS Assembly (FuncDons) Instructor: Dr. Vivek Pallipuram 2 Lab Schedule This Week AcDviDes Lab work Dme MIPS funcdons MIPS Random Number Generator Lab 10
More informationLecture 5. Announcements: Today: Finish up functions in MIPS
Lecture 5 Announcements: Today: Finish up functions in MIPS 1 Control flow in C Invoking a function changes the control flow of a program twice. 1. Calling the function 2. Returning from the function In
More informationMIPS Assembly (Functions)
ECPE 170 Jeff Shafer University of the Pacific MIPS Assembly (Functions) 2 Lab Schedule This Week Activities Lab work time MIPS functions MIPS Random Number Generator Lab 11 Assignments Due Due by Apr
More informationFunctions in MIPS. Functions in MIPS 1
Functions in MIPS We ll talk about the 3 steps in handling function calls: 1. The program s flow of control must be changed. 2. Arguments and return values are passed back and forth. 3. Local variables
More informationCourse Administration
Fall 2018 EE 3613: Computer Organization Chapter 2: Instruction Set Architecture Introduction 4/4 Avinash Karanth Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
More informationFunction Calling Conventions 1 CS 64: Computer Organization and Design Logic Lecture #9
Function Calling Conventions 1 CS 64: Computer Organization and Design Logic Lecture #9 Ziad Matni Dept. of Computer Science, UCSB Lecture Outline More on MIPS Calling Convention Functions calling functions
More informationEE 361 University of Hawaii Fall
C functions Road Map Computation flow Implementation using MIPS instructions Useful new instructions Addressing modes Stack data structure 1 EE 361 University of Hawaii Implementation of C functions and
More informationSPIM Procedure Calls
SPIM Procedure Calls 22C:60 Jonathan Hall March 29, 2008 1 Motivation We would like to create procedures that are easy to use and easy to read. To this end we will discuss standard conventions as it relates
More informationMIPS Assembly Language Guide
MIPS Assembly Language Guide MIPS is an example of a Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) which was designed for easy instruction pipelining. MIPS has a Load/Store architecture since all instructions
More informationMIPS function continued
MIPS function continued Review Functions Series of related instructions one after another in memory Called through the jal instruction Pointed to by a label like any other Returns by calling Stack Top
More informationcomp 180 Lecture 10 Outline of Lecture Procedure calls Saving and restoring registers Summary of MIPS instructions
Outline of Lecture Procedure calls Saving and restoring registers Summary of MIPS instructions Procedure Calls A procedure of a subroutine is like an agent which needs certain information to perform a
More informationCSE Lecture In Class Example Handout
CSE 30321 Lecture 07-09 In Class Example Handout Part A: A Simple, MIPS-based Procedure: Swap Procedure Example: Let s write the MIPS code for the following statement (and function call): if (A[i] > A
More informationMIPS Programming. A basic rule is: try to be mechanical (that is, don't be "tricky") when you translate high-level code into assembler code.
MIPS Programming This is your crash course in assembler programming; you will teach yourself how to program in assembler for the MIPS processor. You will learn how to use the instruction set summary to
More informationECE232: Hardware Organization and Design
ECE232: Hardware Organization and Design Lecture 6: Procedures Adapted from Computer Organization and Design, Patterson & Hennessy, UCB Overview Procedures have different names in different languages Java:
More informationCode Generation. Lecture 19
Code Generation Lecture 19 Lecture Outline Topic 1: Basic Code Generation The MIPS assembly language A simple source language Stack-machine implementation of the simple language Topic 2: Code Generation
More informationCommon Problems on Homework
MIPS Functions Common Problems on Homework 1.3: Convert -3000 ten to binary in 8bit, 16bit, and 32bit Even though it overflows with 8bits, there is plenty of room with 16 and 32 bit. Common Problems on
More informationCOMP2611: Computer Organization MIPS function and recursion
COMP2611 Fall2015 COMP2611: Computer Organization MIPS function and recursion Overview 2 You will learn the following in this lab: how to use MIPS functions in a program; the concept of recursion; how
More informationToday. Putting it all together
Today! One complete example To put together the snippets of assembly code we have seen! Functions in MIPS Slides adapted from Josep Torrellas, Craig Zilles, and Howard Huang Putting it all together! Count
More informationEN164: Design of Computing Systems Lecture 11: Processor / ISA 4
EN164: Design of Computing Systems Lecture 11: Processor / ISA 4 Professor Sherief Reda http://scale.engin.brown.edu Electrical Sciences and Computer Engineering School of Engineering Brown University
More information2/16/2018. Procedures, the basic idea. MIPS Procedure convention. Example: compute multiplication. Re-write it as a MIPS procedure
Procedures, the basic idea CSCI206 - Computer Organization & Programming Introduction to Procedures zybook: 81 (for next class) MIPS Procedure convention 1 Prepare parameters in $a0 through $a3 2 Return
More informationBranch Addressing. Jump Addressing. Target Addressing Example. The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science 28 September 2015
Branch Addressing Branch instructions specify Opcode, two registers, target address Most branch targets are near branch Forward or backward op rs rt constant or address 6 bits 5 bits 5 bits 16 bits PC-relative
More informationLab 4 : MIPS Function Calls
Lab 4 : MIPS Function Calls Name: Sign the following statement: On my honor, as an Aggie, I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid on this academic work 1 Objective The objective of this lab
More informationChapter 2. Computer Abstractions and Technology. Lesson 4: MIPS (cont )
Chapter 2 Computer Abstractions and Technology Lesson 4: MIPS (cont ) Logical Operations Instructions for bitwise manipulation Operation C Java MIPS Shift left >>> srl Bitwise
More informationWe can emit stack-machine-style code for expressions via recursion
Code Generation The Main Idea of Today s Lecture We can emit stack-machine-style code for expressions via recursion (We will use MIPS assembly as our target language) 2 Lecture Outline What are stack machines?
More informationCS 316: Procedure Calls/Pipelining
CS 316: Procedure Calls/Pipelining Kavita Bala Fall 2007 Computer Science Cornell University Announcements PA 3 IS out today Lectures on it this Fri and next Tue/Thu Due on the Friday after Fall break
More informationReview Session 1 Fri. Jan 19, 2:15 pm 3:05 pm Thornton 102
Review Session 1 Fri. Jan 19, 2:15 pm 3:05 pm Thornton 102 1. Agenda Announcements Homework hints MIPS instruction set Some PA1 thoughts MIPS procedure call convention and example 1 2. Announcements Homework
More informationProcedure Calling. Procedure Calling. Register Usage. 25 September CSE2021 Computer Organization
CSE2021 Computer Organization Chapter 2: Part 2 Procedure Calling Procedure (function) performs a specific task and return results to caller. Supporting Procedures Procedure Calling Calling program place
More informationThe plot thickens. Some MIPS instructions you can write cannot be translated to a 32-bit number
The plot thickens Some MIPS instructions you can write cannot be translated to a 32-bit number some reasons why 1) constants are too big 2) relative addresses are too big 3) absolute addresses are outside
More informationComputer Science 2500 Computer Organization Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Spring Topic Notes: MIPS Programming
Computer Science 2500 Computer Organization Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Spring 2009 Topic Notes: MIPS Programming We spent some time looking at the MIPS Instruction Set Architecture. We will now consider
More informationProcedure Call and Return Procedure call
Procedures int len(char *s) { for (int l=0; *s!= \0 ; s++) l++; main return l; } void reverse(char *s, char *r) { char *p, *t; int l = len(s); reverse(s,r) N/A *(r+l) = \0 ; reverse l--; for (p=s+l t=r;
More informationControl Instructions. Computer Organization Architectures for Embedded Computing. Thursday, 26 September Summary
Control Instructions Computer Organization Architectures for Embedded Computing Thursday, 26 September 2013 Many slides adapted from: Computer Organization and Design, Patterson & Hennessy 4th Edition,
More informationControl Instructions
Control Instructions Tuesday 22 September 15 Many slides adapted from: and Design, Patterson & Hennessy 5th Edition, 2014, MK and from Prof. Mary Jane Irwin, PSU Summary Previous Class Instruction Set
More informationECE260: Fundamentals of Computer Engineering. Supporting Procedures in Computer Hardware
Supporting Procedures in Computer Hardware James Moscola Dept. of Engineering & Computer Science York College of Pennsylvania Based on Computer Organization and Design, 5th Edition by Patterson & Hennessy
More informationThe plot thickens. Some MIPS instructions you can write cannot be translated to a 32-bit number
The plot thickens Some MIPS instructions you can write cannot be translated to a 32-bit number some reasons why 1) constants are too big 2) relative addresses are too big 3) absolute addresses are outside
More informationDo-While Example. In C++ In assembly language. do { z--; while (a == b); z = b; loop: addi $s2, $s2, -1 beq $s0, $s1, loop or $s2, $s1, $zero
Do-While Example In C++ do { z--; while (a == b); z = b; In assembly language loop: addi $s2, $s2, -1 beq $s0, $s1, loop or $s2, $s1, $zero 25 Comparisons Set on less than (slt) compares its source registers
More informationCOMP2421 COMPUTER ORGANZATION. Lab 3
Lab 3 Objectives: This lab shows you some basic techniques and syntax to write a MIPS program. Syntax includes system calls, load address instruction, load integer instruction, and arithmetic instructions
More informationCode Generation. The Main Idea of Today s Lecture. We can emit stack-machine-style code for expressions via recursion. Lecture Outline.
The Main Idea of Today s Lecture Code Generation We can emit stack-machine-style code for expressions via recursion (We will use MIPS assembly as our target language) 2 Lecture Outline What are stack machines?
More information2) Using the same instruction set for the TinyProc2, convert the following hex values to assembly language: x0f
CS2 Fall 28 Exam 2 Name: ) The Logisim TinyProc2 has four instructions, each using 8 bits. The instruction format is DR SR SR2 OpCode with OpCodes of for add, for subtract, and for multiply. Load Immediate
More informationCalling Conventions. Hakim Weatherspoon CS 3410, Spring 2012 Computer Science Cornell University. See P&H 2.8 and 2.12
Calling Conventions Hakim Weatherspoon CS 3410, Spring 2012 Computer Science Cornell University See P&H 2.8 and 2.12 Goals for Today Calling Convention for Procedure Calls Enable code to be reused by allowing
More informationCENG3420 Computer Organization and Design Lab 1-2: System calls and recursions
CENG3420 Computer Organization and Design Lab 1-2: System calls and recursions Wen Zong Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong wzong@cse.cuhk.edu.hk Overview
More informationLecture Outline. Topic 1: Basic Code Generation. Code Generation. Lecture 12. Topic 2: Code Generation for Objects. Simulating a Stack Machine
Lecture Outline Code Generation Lecture 12 Topic 1: Basic Code Generation The MIPS assembly language A simple source language Stack-machine implementation of the simple language Topic 2: Code Generation
More informationECE260: Fundamentals of Computer Engineering
Supporting Nested Procedures James Moscola Dept. of Engineering & Computer Science York College of Pennsylvania Based on Computer Organization and Design, 5th Edition by Patterson & Hennessy Memory Layout
More informationSPIM & MIPS Programming
Computer Organization and Structure 2012 SPIM & MIPS Programming Department of Information Management National Taiwan University Outline Introduction to Assembly Language SPIM Getting Started MIPS Assembly
More informationHomework 9: Stack Frame
Homework 9: Stack Frame CS 200 10 Points Total Due Wednesday, April 19, 2017 Assignment 0, x = 0 The Fibonacci series is defined as f(x) = { 1, x = 1 f(x 1) + f(x 2), x > 1 Thus, the series looks like
More informationInstruction Set Architectures (4)
Computer Architecture Week 06 Instruction Set Architectures (4) College of Information Science and Engineering Ritsumeikan University subroutines functions, procedures remember the next instruction s address
More informationECE 331 Hardware Organization and Design. Professor Jay Taneja UMass ECE - Discussion 3 2/8/2018
ECE 331 Hardware Organization and Design Professor Jay Taneja UMass ECE - jtaneja@umass.edu Discussion 3 2/8/2018 Study Jams Leader: Chris Bartoli Tuesday 5:30-6:45pm Elab 325 Wednesday 8:30-9:45pm Elab
More informationCompiling Code, Procedures and Stacks
Compiling Code, Procedures and Stacks L03-1 RISC-V Recap Computational Instructions executed by ALU Register-Register: op dest, src1, src2 Register-Immediate: op dest, src1, const Control flow instructions
More informationMemory Usage 0x7fffffff. stack. dynamic data. static data 0x Code Reserved 0x x A software convention
Subroutines Why we use subroutines more modular program (small routines, outside data passed in) more readable, easier to debug code reuse i.e. smaller code space Memory Usage A software convention stack
More informationMIPS Assembly (FuncDons)
ECPE 170 Jeff Shafer University of the Pacific MIPS Assembly (FuncDons) 2 Lab Schedule AcDviDes Monday Discuss: MIPS FuncDons Lab 11 Assignments Due Sunday Apr 14 th Lab 11 due by 11:59pm Wednesday Discuss:
More informationCS 61c: Great Ideas in Computer Architecture
MIPS Functions July 1, 2014 Review I RISC Design Principles Smaller is faster: 32 registers, fewer instructions Keep it simple: rigid syntax, fixed instruction length MIPS Registers: $s0-$s7,$t0-$t9, $0
More informationLecture 7: MIPS Functions Part 2. Nested Function Calls. Lecture 7: Character and String Operations. SPIM Syscalls. Recursive Functions
Part Part Part What if we need to call a function inside of a function? Will this work? int twofun(int a, int b) { int res; res = addfun(a, b) a / ; return res; } twofun: addi $sp, $sp, -4 sw $s0, 0($sp)
More informationMIPS and QTSPIM Recap. MIPS Architecture. Cptr280. Dr Curtis Nelson. Cptr280, Autumn
MIPS and QTSPIM Recap Cptr280 Dr Curtis Nelson MIPS Architecture The MIPS architecture is considered to be a typical RISC architecture Simplified instruction set Programmable storage 32 x 32-bit General
More informationMODULE 4 INSTRUCTIONS: LANGUAGE OF THE MACHINE
MODULE 4 INSTRUCTIONS: LANGUAGE OF THE MACHINE 1 ARCHITECTURE MODEL The basic instruction set of a computer is comprised of sequences of REGISTER TRANSFERS. Example: Add A, B, C Register B # A
More informationLecture 5: Procedure Calls
Lecture 5: Procedure Calls Today s topics: Memory layout, numbers, control instructions Procedure calls 1 Memory Organization The space allocated on stack by a procedure is termed the activation record
More informationECE331: Hardware Organization and Design
ECE331: Hardware Organization and Design Lecture 8: Procedures (cont d), Binary Numbers and Adders Adapted from Computer Organization and Design, Patterson & Hennessy, UCB Review: Procedure Calling Steps
More informationCOE608: Computer Organization and Architecture
Add on Instruction Set Architecture COE608: Computer Organization and Architecture Dr. Gul N. Khan http://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~gnkhan Electrical and Computer Engineering Ryerson University Overview More
More information6.004 Tutorial Problems L3 Procedures and Stacks
6.004 Tutorial Problems L3 Procedures and Stacks RISC-V Calling Conventions: Caller places arguments in registers a0-a7 Caller transfers control to callee using jal (jump-and-link) to capture the urn address
More informationProf. Kavita Bala and Prof. Hakim Weatherspoon CS 3410, Spring 2014 Computer Science Cornell University. See P&H 2.8 and 2.12, and A.
Prof. Kavita Bala and Prof. Hakim Weatherspoon CS 3410, Spring 2014 Computer Science Cornell University See P&H 2.8 and 2.12, and A.5 6 compute jump/branch targets memory PC +4 new pc Instruction Fetch
More information2B 52 AB CA 3E A1 +29 A B C. CS120 Fall 2018 Final Prep and super secret quiz 9
S2 Fall 28 Final Prep and super secret quiz 9 ) onvert 8-bit (2-digit) 2 s complement hex values: 4-29 inary: Hex: x29 2) onvert 8-bit 2 s complement hex to decimal: x3 inary: xe5 Decimal: 58 Note 3*6+
More informationMIPS Datapath. MIPS Registers (and the conventions associated with them) MIPS Instruction Types
1 Lecture 08 Introduction to the MIPS ISA + Procedure Calls in MIPS Longer instructions = more bits to address registers MIPS Datapath 6 bit opcodes... 2 MIPS Instructions are 32 bits More ways to address
More informationCS 61C: Great Ideas in Computer Architecture (Machine Structures) More MIPS Machine Language
CS 61C: Great Ideas in Computer Architecture (Machine Structures) More MIPS Machine Language Instructors: Randy H. Katz David A. PaGerson hgp://inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs61c/sp11 1 2 Machine Interpreta4on
More informationImplementing Procedure Calls
1 / 39 Implementing Procedure Calls February 18 22, 2013 2 / 39 Outline Intro to procedure calls Caller vs. callee Procedure call basics Calling conventions The stack Interacting with the stack Structure
More informationCENG3420 Lab 1-1: MIPS assembly language programing
CENG3420 Lab 1-1: MIPS assembly language programing Haoyu YANG Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong hyyang@cse.cuhk.edu.hk 2017 Spring 1 / 18 Overview SPIM
More informationMIPS%Assembly% E155%
MIPS%Assembly% E155% Outline MIPS Architecture ISA Instruction types Machine codes Procedure call Stack 2 The MIPS Register Set Name Register Number Usage $0 0 the constant value 0 $at 1 assembler temporary
More informationComputer Organization MIPS Architecture. Department of Computer Science Missouri University of Science & Technology
Computer Organization MIPS Architecture Department of Computer Science Missouri University of Science & Technology hurson@mst.edu Computer Organization Note, this unit will be covered in three lectures.
More informationFunction Calling Conventions 2 CS 64: Computer Organization and Design Logic Lecture #10
Function Calling Conventions 2 CS 64: Computer Organization and Design Logic Lecture #10 Ziad Matni Dept. of Computer Science, UCSB Lecture Outline More on MIPS Calling Convention Functions calling functions
More informationComputer Architecture
Computer Architecture Andreas Klappenecker Texas A&M University Lecture notes of a course on Computer Architecture, Fall 2004. Preliminary draft. 2 c 2003-2004 by Andreas Klappenecker. All rights reserved.
More informationFunctions and Procedures
Functions and Procedures Function or Procedure A separate piece of code Possibly separately compiled Located at some address in the memory used for code, away from main and other functions (main is itself
More informationComputer Systems and Networks
LECTURE 16: MIPS (11 AND 12) Computer Systems and Networks Dr. Pallipuram (vpallipuramkrishnamani@pacific.edu) University of the Pacific Deadline Lab 11 is open: DUE 1 st NOV 5 AM Lab 12 is open: DUE 8
More informationCode Generation. Lecture 12
Code Generation Lecture 12 1 Lecture Outline Topic 1: Basic Code Generation The MIPS assembly language A simple source language Stack-machine implementation of the simple language Topic 2: Code Generation
More informationLecture 7: Examples, MARS, Arithmetic
Lecture 7: Examples, MARS, Arithmetic Today s topics: More examples MARS intro Numerical representations 1 Dealing with Characters Instructions are also provided to deal with byte-sized and half-word quantities:
More informationImplement a C language function that computes the factorial of a number, recursively, according to the following prototype:
McGill University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ECSE-221 Introduction to Computer Engineering Assignment 5 Assembly and Datapaths Due Date: Monday, November 30 th 2009 at 11:59PM Question
More informationAnne Bracy CS 3410 Computer Science Cornell University
Anne Bracy CS 3410 Computer Science Cornell University The slides are the product of many rounds of teaching CS 3410 by Professors Weatherspoon, Bala, Bracy, McKee, and Sirer. compute jump/branch targets
More informationMIPS Functions and Instruction Formats
MIPS Functions and Instruction Formats 1 The Contract: The MIPS Calling Convention You write functions, your compiler writes functions, other compilers write functions And all your functions call other
More informationMIPS ISA and MIPS Assembly. CS301 Prof. Szajda
MIPS ISA and MIPS Assembly CS301 Prof. Szajda Administrative HW #2 due Wednesday (9/11) at 5pm Lab #2 due Friday (9/13) 1:30pm Read Appendix B5, B6, B.9 and Chapter 2.5-2.9 (if you have not already done
More informationMIPS R-format Instructions. Representing Instructions. Hexadecimal. R-format Example. MIPS I-format Example. MIPS I-format Instructions
Representing Instructions Instructions are encoded in binary Called machine code MIPS instructions Encoded as 32-bit instruction words Small number of formats encoding operation code (opcode), register
More informationAssembly labs start this week. Don t forget to submit your code at the end of your lab section. Download MARS4_5.jar to your lab PC or laptop.
CSC258 Week 10 Logistics Assembly labs start this week. Don t forget to submit your code at the end of your lab section. Download MARS4_5.jar to your lab PC or laptop. Quiz review A word-addressable RAM
More informationThe Activation Record (AR)
The Activation Record (AR) [Notes adapted from R. Bodik] Code for function calls and function definitions depends on the layout of the activation record Very simple AR suffices for this language: The result
More informationAnne Bracy CS 3410 Computer Science Cornell University
Anne Bracy CS 3410 Computer Science Cornell University The slides are the product of many rounds of teaching CS 3410 by Professors Weatherspoon, Bala, Bracy, McKee, and Sirer. See P&H 2.8 and 2.12, and
More informationCSCI 402: Computer Architectures. Instructions: Language of the Computer (3) Fengguang Song Department of Computer & Information Science IUPUI.
CSCI 402: Computer Architectures Instructions: Language of the Computer (3) Fengguang Song Department of Computer & Information Science IUPUI Recall Big endian, little endian Memory alignment Unsigned
More informationComputer Architecture
Computer Architecture Chapter 2 Instructions: Language of the Computer Fall 2005 Department of Computer Science Kent State University Assembly Language Encodes machine instructions using symbols and numbers
More informationLec 10: Assembler. Announcements
Lec 10: Assembler Kavita Bala CS 3410, Fall 2008 Computer Science Cornell University Announcements HW 2 is out Due Wed after Fall Break Robot-wide paths PA 1 is due next Wed Don t use incrementor 4 times
More informationSee P&H 2.8 and 2.12, and A.5-6. Prof. Hakim Weatherspoon CS 3410, Spring 2015 Computer Science Cornell University
See P&H 2.8 and 2.12, and A.5-6 Prof. Hakim Weatherspoon CS 3410, Spring 2015 Computer Science Cornell University Upcoming agenda PA1 due yesterday PA2 available and discussed during lab section this week
More information