Slicing. Open pizza_slicer.py
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1 Slicing and Tuples
2 Slicing Open pizza_slicer.py Indexing a string is a great way of getting to a single value in a string However, what if you want to use a section of a string Like the middle name of a string that contains a persons full name Lets examine pizza_slicer.py and see what s going on
3 Understanding a Slice Lets go through this line by line This assigns a special value, called None to start. This is a good placeholder for a value as it gives it a value of nothing. It evaluates to false when treated as a condition First the condition if start: Simply evaluates true as long as start isn t an empty sting or 0 Converts start to an int and gets input for finish The first print statement is a simple message This creates a loop that is to run while any value is entered into the console. If the user simply presses enter with out a value for start, it will end the loop The second print statement does the slicing word[start:finish] Works like indexing a string but two values are present separated by a colon ( : ) The start is the index to start the slice on The finish is where the slice stops but does not include that index
4 Slicing Shorthand Sometimes you may only need the first or last part of a string There are short cuts for getting a slice up to a certain point, or from a certain point Assuming word = pizza word[:4] would produce a slice from index 0 up to index 4 (word[0:4]) pizz word[2:] would produce a slice from index 0 up to index len(word) (word[2:5]) zza word[:] gives and exact copy of the entire string (word[0:5]) pizza If you accidently place a larger number first in the slice it wont cause an error, it will simply return an empty string
5 Find() method It determines if string str occurs in string, or in a substring of string if starting index and ending index are given. It will return the integer value of the starting location of the string, or -1 if it is not in the string Example: str1 = this is string example.wow!!!! str2 = exam print str1.find(str2) Output : 15 print str1.find(str2, 10) Output: 15 print str1.find( hello ) Output: -1
6 Program Practice Create a program that will allow us to enter in a first middle and last name, in that order separated only by a single space Have the program write out what your first middle and last name are in the following manner First Name: Brandon Middle Name: John Last Name: Brzuszkiewicz For further practice allow us to enter in the name in a last name, first middle name format and print in the same way
7 Tuples Tuples are a type of immutable sequence, like a string, but different in many ways Unlike strings, tuples are/can: Contain elements of any type, not just characters Elements don t all have to be of the same type Examples of tuples might be something that stores a bunch of high scores for a game (numbers) a bunch of names Graphic images Sound files Groups of Aliens (once you learn to create one)
8 The Hero s Inventory Open heros_inventory.py To create a tuple you just surround a sequence of values separated by commas by parenthesis () inventory = (), is an example of an empty tuple being created Just like any other python value, it can be treated as a condition. An empty tuple returns false Creating a tuple with elements is simple enough. Wrap the elements in () and separate with commas. I ve created a tuple with 4 string elements in this program.
9 The Hero s Inventory Open heros_inventory.py Printing the values of the tuple can be done in two ways With a simple print statement and placing the variable holding the tuple as the parameter of the print function Or looping through each element in the tuple and printing them out individually I prefer the looping example simply because it allows you access to every element in the tuple one at a time. You can then manipulate the values or create a more personalized message with the values of the tuple.
10 Using Tuples Since tuples are simply a different kind of sequence, everything you know about a sequence applies to a tuple. You can get the length of a tuple len() You can print a tuple You can loop through a tuple (for loop for most circumstances) You can use the in operator with a tuple You can index, slice, and concatenate tuples
11 Hero s Inventory 2 Open and run hero_inventory2.py
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