Pre-Release Material Tasks

Transcription

1 1 P a g e P r e - R e l e a s e M a t e r i a l ( M a y / Jun 17 ) Pre-Release Material Tasks The organizer of a senior citizens club arranges outings for the members. For each of these outings a coach is hired, meals at a restaurant are reserved and tickets for the theatre are booked. A program is required to work out the costs and provide a printed list showing everyone on the outing. Write and test a program for the club manager. Your program must include appropriate prompts for the entry of data. Error messages and other output need to be set out clearly. All variables, constants and other identifiers must have meaningful names. You will need to complete these three tasks. Each task must be fully tested. TASK 1 Work out the total cost of the outing The organizer finds out how many senior citizens would be interested in the outing. The program for TASK 1 works out the cost from this information. Number of people Hire of coach ($) Cost of a meal ($) Cost of a theatre ticket ($) The minimum number of senior citizens needed for the outing to go ahead is 10; there cannot be more than 36 senior citizens on the outing. A minimum of two carers must go on the outing, with an additional carer needed if more than 24 senior citizens go on the outing. Carers do not have to pay anything for the outing. Work out the total cost and the cost per person for the senior citizens. TASK 2 Record who is going on the outing and how much has been paid. Using your results from TASK 1, record the names of the people on the outing and the amount they have paid; include the carers on the outing. If there are spare places on the coach, then extra people can be added; they are charged the same price as the other senior citizens. Calculate the total amount of money collected. Print out a list of the people on the outing. TASK 3 Identify the break-even point or profit that will be made on the outing Show whether the outing has made a profit or has broken even using the estimated cost from TASK 1 and the money collected from TASK 2.

2 2 P a g e P r e - R e l e a s e M a t e r i a l ( M a y / Jun 17 ) Concept and Understanding of Tasks All 3 tasks are a part of one big problem i.e. calculating the total cost of the outing and whether it has made profit or not. The tasks are built incrementally and each task uses the code/algorithm of the previous task. Hence the general flow and explanation of each task is provided separately in the following diagram. Task 1 Variables and constants declaration Input the number of senior citizens going on the outing Validating user input (number of senior citizens) Calculate and output the total cost (from the given table) and per person cost Task 2 * It is assumed that Task1 has been completed. Variables and constants declaration Calculation of extra people that can be accomodated in coach Storing the names of all people (including carers) going on the outing Recalculate the total cost and output the names of all people (including carers) that are going on outing

3 3 P a g e P r e - R e l e a s e M a t e r i a l ( M a y / Jun 17 ) Task 3 * It is assumed that Task2 has been completed. Variables declaration Calculation of the difference of cost calculated in Task 1 and Task 2 Output the message indicating if the outing has made profit or broken even * Broken even means that there is no profit and no loss.

4 4 P a g e P r e - R e l e a s e M a t e r i a l ( M a y / Jun 17 ) Approach to Solution Like every other algorithm, there can be many approaches to solve these tasks depending upon the understanding of person. We are listing down the key points that reflect our understanding and we ll solve these tasks according to following assumptions. In Task1, the cost of meal and theatre ticket are considered per person while the cost of coach is considered accumulated. In Task1, the total cost will be calculated by taking both senior citizens and carers into consideration while per person cost will be divided among senior citizens only as listed in the question (i.e. carers do not have to pay anything) In Task2, a single array will be used to store the names of all people going on outing (i.e. both senior citizens and carers) In Task2, input of amount will not be taken because it has already been calculated in Task1 and the question clearly says to use it from Task1. So it will be redundant to take it as an input despite knowing that the cost per person is the same as Task1. Color Codes The pseudocode uses different colors to represent keywords for easier understanding. These color codes are listed below. Begin / End Variable declaration and datatypes Selection statements (IF and CASE) Input and Output Loop (REPEAT-UNTIL) Strings/Text messages and variables Loop (FOR-NEXT) BLACK LIGHT BLUE RED GREEN PURPLE BLACK PINK

5 5 P a g e P r e - R e l e a s e M a t e r i a l ( M a y / Jun 17 ) Explanation of Algorithm of Tasks The explanation of the algorithms used in each task is listed below. Task 1 In this task we take input the total number of senior citizens going on the outing. Validation will be performed using REPEAT-UNTIL to check that the input lies between 10 and 36. IF statement will be used to calculate the carers needed to go along with the senior citizens which will give us the total people that are going on the outing. The total cost will be calculated according to the table given in question (see diagram below for explanation) Hire of coach depends upon the number of people. It will be included only once for all people that are going Cost of meal and ticket are per person basis; meaning if 13 people are going then cost of both meal and ticket will be multiplied by 13 Cost per person will be calculated by dividing the total cost among senior citizens only (since carers do not pay anything so their cost will be bear by senior citizens.) For example: If 12 senior citizens are going on the outing, then they will be accompanied by 2 carers. The total cost will be calculated according to the 1 st row/block of table. Total cost = x ( ) Total cost = $ 640 However the cost per person will be calculated from the number of senior citizens only because carers are not paying anything. So, Per person cost = Total cost / 12 Per person cost = $ 53.33

6 6 P a g e P r e - R e l e a s e M a t e r i a l ( M a y / Jun 17 ) Task 2 In this task, we ll first calculate remaining seats in coach. Since the coach capacity (remaining seats) depends upon the people that are going, this can be easily calculated by subtracting total people (from Task1) by the maximum people that can be accommodated in the coach (given in table). This will be done using IF statements. An easy way to understand this is to assume that each row of the table corresponds to a different coach. Coach 1 Coach 2 Coach 3 Thus is, if total people in Task 1 are 19 (including carers) then the remaining seats should be = 7; because we know that only Coach 2 can accommodate greater than 17 people and its maximum capacity is 26. Once we get the count of remaining seats in coach, we will then take input the number of extra people that can be included in outing and validate it using REPEAT-UNTIL loop. (An important thing to remember is that these extra people will always be the senior citizens and not the carers because we already calculated the carers in Task 1 and they will not change even when we add extra senior citizens) A recalculation of total people is also needed because extra people may be added from the above step. At the end we will use a FOR loop to fill the array with the names of people going on the outing and calculate the total cost by simply multiplying the newly calculated total people by per person cost (from Task 1) Task 3 In this task we will calculate the difference of cost from Task1 and Task 2. If the difference is greater than 0 then a message of Profit (or any other appropriate message) should be printed otherwise Broken even should be printed.

7 7 P a g e P r e - R e l e a s e M a t e r i a l ( M a y / Jun 17 ) Task 1 Solution (Pseudocode) BEGIN SET scitizen 0, allpeople 0 AS INETGER SET totalcost 0.0, personcost 0.0 AS FLOAT CONST mincitizen 10, maxcitizen 36, mincarer 2, maxcarer 3 AS INTEGER REPEAT PRINT Enter the senior citizens going on outing? INPUT scitizen IF scitizen < mincitizen THEN PRINT At least 10 senior citizens should go on outing ELSE IF scitizen > maxcitizen THEN PRINT Maximum of 36 senior citizens can go on outing UNTIL scitizen >= 10 AND scitizen <= 36 IF scitizen <= 24 THEN allpeople scitizen + mincarer ELSE allpeople scitizen + maxcarer IF allpeople >= 12 AND allpeople <= 16 THEN totalcost allpeople * ( ) ELSE IF allpeople >= 17 AND allpeople <= 26 THEN totalcost allpeople * ( ) ELSE IF allpeople >= 27 AND allpeople <= 39 THEN totalcost allpeople * ( ) Efficiency of Algorithm Use of CONSTANTS to hold fixed values. Uses IF statement to print appropriate error message when validation fails Uses REPEAT statement to validate senior citizens Uses IF statement to calculate total cost according to given table in question. Output of total cost and per person cost with suitable message. personcost totalcost / scitizen PRINT The total cost of outing is :, totalcost PRINT Cost per person is :, personcost END

8 8 P a g e P r e - R e l e a s e M a t e r i a l ( M a y / Jun 17 ) Pseudocode Explanation of Task 1 Variables and constants declaration. Validation using REPEAT loop. It will force user to input senior citizens between 10 and 26 IF statement to print appropriate error message Calculation of the total people going on outing by adding carers Calculation of total cost by adding coach, meal and ticket cost from the table given in question. Calculation of per person cost

9 9 P a g e P r e - R e l e a s e M a t e r i a l ( M a y / Jun 17 ) Task 2 Solution (Pseudocode) * variables from Task 1 has been underlined for easier readability BEGIN SET peoplename[1:39] AS STRING SET extracitizen 0, remseats 0, count 0 AS INTEGER SET finalcost 0.0 AS FLOAT IF allpeople >= 12 AND allpeople <= 16 THEN remseats 16 allpeople ELSE IF allpeople >= 17 AND allpeople <= 26 THEN remseats 26 allpeople ELSE remseats 39 allpeople Efficiency of Algorithm Use of Array to store people name. Uses REPEAT loop to validate extra citizens Use of FOR loop to input and print people names in array. Recalculation of total cost including extra people. REPEAT PRINT Number of remaining seats on coach are, remseats PRINT Enter the number of additional senior citizens going INPUT extracitizen IF extracitizen > remseats THEN PRINT Not enough space to accommodate this many people UNTIL extracitizens >= 0 AND extacitizen <= remseats allpeople allpeople + extracitizen FOR count 1 TO allpeople peoplename[count] PRINT Enter the name of person on outing INPUT peoplename[count] NEXT count FOR count 1 TO allpeople PRINT Name of person, peoplename[count] NEXT count finalcost totalcost + ( extracitizen * personcost ) PRINT The total cost for outing is, finalcost END

10 10 P a g e P r e - R e l e a s e M a t e r i a l ( M a y / Jun 17 ) Pseudocode Explanation of Task 2 * variables from Task 1 has been underlined for easier readability Variables and array declaration. Few variables from Task 1 will be reused. Calculation of remaining seats in coach. IF statement is used to check which data from the table is to be applied for the calculation of remaining seats. Validation of extra people. It should be greater or equal to 0 and less than or equal to remaining seats Reusing and updating allpeople variable from Task 1. It will now contain all people plus extra citizens Initializing and storing people names in array. FOR loop will run as many times as there are people on outing. (calculated above) Separate FOR loop for printing people names. This step is done separately just because of clarification. It can be combined with the above loop Recalculation of total cost by adding cost calculated in Task 1 with the cost of extra citizens.

11 11 P a g e P r e - R e l e a s e M a t e r i a l ( M a y / Jun 17 ) Task 3 Solution (Pseudocode) * variables from Task 1 & 2 has been underlined for easier readability BEGIN SET difference 0.0 AS FLOAT difference finalcost totalcost IF difference > 0 THEN PRINT The outing has made a profit ELSE PRINT The outing has broken even END Efficiency of Algorithm Use of variables from Task 1 & Task 2 for the calculation of difference. Use of IF statement to identify the profit or broke even.

12 12 P a g e P r e - R e l e a s e M a t e r i a l ( M a y / Jun 17 ) Pseudocode Explanation of Task 3 * variables from Task 1 & 2 has been underlined for easier readability Variable for storing difference IF statement to identify whether the outing has made a profit or not.

13 13 P a g e P r e - R e l e a s e M a t e r i a l ( M a y / Jun 17 ) Combined Pseudocode Solution of all Tasks BEGIN SET scitizen 0, allpeople 0, extracitizen 0, remseats 0, count 0 AS INETGER SET totalcost 0.0, personcost 0.0, finalcost 0.0 AS FLOAT CONST mincitizen 10, maxcitizen 36, mincarer 2, maxcarer 3 AS INTEGER SET peoplename[1:39] AS STRING REPEAT PRINT Enter the senior citizens going on outing? INPUT scitizen IF scitizen < mincitizen THEN PRINT At least 10 senior citizens should go on outing ELSE IF scitizen > maxcitizen THEN PRINT Maximum of 36 senior citizens can go on outing UNTIL scitizen >= 10 AND scitizen <= 36 IF scitizen <= 24 THEN allpeople scitizen + mincarer ELSE allpeople scitizen + maxcarer IF allpeople >= 12 AND allpeople <= 16 THEN totalcost allpeople * ( ) ELSE IF allpeople >= 17 AND allpeople <= 26 THEN totalcost allpeople * ( ) ELSE IF allpeople >= 27 AND allpeople <= 39 THEN totalcost allpeople * ( ) personcost totalcost / scitizen PRINT The total cost of outing is :, totalcost PRINT Cost per person is :, personcost IF allpeople >= 12 AND allpeople <= 16 THEN remseats 16 allpeople ELSE IF allpeople >= 17 AND allpeople <= 26 THEN remseats 26 allpeople ELSE remseats 39 allpeople

14 14 P a g e P r e - R e l e a s e M a t e r i a l ( M a y / Jun 17 ) REPEAT PRINT Number of remaining seats on coach are, remseats PRINT Enter the number of additional senior citizens going INPUT extracitizen IF extracitizen > remseats THEN PRINT Not enough space to accommodate this many people UNTIL extracitizens >= 0 AND extacitizen <= remseats allpeople allpeople + extracitizen FOR count 1 TO allpeople peoplename[count] PRINT Enter the name of person on outing INPUT peoplename[count] NEXT count FOR count 1 TO allpeople PRINT Name of person, peoplename[count] NEXT count finalcost totalcost + ( extracitizen * personcost ) PRINT The total cost for outing is, finalcost difference finalcost totalcost IF difference > 0 THEN PRINT The outing has made a profit ELSE PRINT The outing has broken even END

15 15 P a g e P r e - R e l e a s e M a t e r i a l ( M a y / Jun 17 ) Practice Questions 1. When you performed the tasks, you used variables. Write suitable declarations for two of these. State what you used each one for. 2. When you performed the tasks, you may have used constants. Write suitable declarations for two of these. State what you used each one for. 3. Write an algorithm to complete Task 1, using either pseudocode, programming statements or a flowchart. 4. Write an algorithm to complete Task 2, using either pseudocode, programming statements or a flowchart. 5. Write an algorithm to complete Task 3, using either pseudocode, programming statements or a flowchart. You should assume that Task 1 & Task2 has been already completed. 6. Explain how you performed validation of senior citizens input in Task 1. You can include pseudocode or programming statements as part of your explanation. 7. Explain how you calculated total cost of the outing in Task 1. You can include pseudocode or programming statements as part of your explanation. 8. In Task 2, explain how you calculated the remaining seats in the coach. You can include pseudocode or programming statements as part of your explanation. 9. Explain how you completed Task 3. You should assume that Task 2 has been completed. You can include pseudocode or programming statements as part of your explanation. 10. Comment on the efficiency of your design for Task Comment on the efficiency of your design for Task Comment on the efficiency of your design for Task Give a set of extra citizen data that could be used to check your validation rules in Task 2. Explain why you chose this data set.