Topic 2: Making Decisions
|
|
- Veronica Moore
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Topic 2: Making Decisions 1
2 Recommended Exercises and Readings From Haskell: The craft of functional programming (3 rd Ed.) Exercises: 3.1, 3.5, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.13, 3.14, 3.16, 3.17, 3.18, 3.19, 3.20, 3.22, 3.23 and 3.24 Readings: Chapter 3 2
3 Making Decisions Most Interesting functions perform different tasks for different parameter values What mechanisms exist to make decisions? 3
4 Making Decisions A quick look at if and if else if (i < 0) if (i < 5) cout << "A" << endl; else cout << "B" << endl; What does this code display for i == 0 i == 3 i == 6? 4
5 Making Decisions A closer look at switch case case somechar of 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u': writeln('vowel'); 'y': writeln( Vowel or consonant'); else writeln('consonant'); end; switch (somechar) { case 'a': case 'e': case 'i': case 'o': case 'u': cout << "Vowel" << endl; case 'y': cout << "Vowel or consonant" << endl; default: cout << "Consonant" << endl; } given ($somechar) { when (['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u']) { say 'Vowel'; } when ('y') { say 'Vowel or consonant'; } default { say 'Consonant'; } } switch (somechar) { case 'a': case 'e': case 'i': case 'o': case 'u': Console.WriteLine("Vowel"); case 'y': Console.WriteLine("Vowel or consonant"); default: Console.WriteLine("Consonant"); } 5
6 Making Decisions A closer look at switch case Provided by many languages But details vary Default is to fall through: C, C++, Java break prevents fall through Cannot fall through: Pascal, C# Default is not to fall through: Perl continue permits it Not included: Python Can fake it with a dictionary Advantages of switch case compared to if elif else? Disadvantages? 6
7 An Elegant Use of Fall Through // // Determine the day within the year // (New Year's Day is day 1) // int get_day_of_year(int day, int month, int year) { int day_of_year = day; switch (month) { case 12: day_of_year += 30; case 11: day_of_year += 31; case 10: day_of_year += 30; case 9: day_of_year += 31; case 8: day_of_year += 31; case 7: day_of_year += 30; case 6: day_of_year += 31; case 5: day_of_year += 30; case 4: day_of_year += 31; case 3: if (is_leap_year(year)) day_of_year += 29; else day_of_year += 28; case 2: day_of_year += 31; } return day_of_year; } 7
8 Making Decisions A closer look at inline if / conditional expressions Called by many different names Ternary if, ternary conditional, ternary operator, conditional operator, inline if, conditional expression, Allows a program to make a decision inside an expression System.out.println(x + " is an " + (x % 2 == 0? "even" : "odd") + " integer"); print("the value" + ("s are" if len(data) > 1 else " is"), data) Can be used as an lvalue in C++ x = 0; y = 0; cout << "Before: x is " << x << ", y is " << y << endl; (change_x == true? x : y) = 1; cout << "After: x is " << x << ", y is " << y << endl; 8
9 Making Decisions Decision Making Structures in Haskell Pattern matching Guards if then else case 9
10 Pattern Matching Pattern matching permits multiple definitions for the same function Patterns describe combinations of values that can be passed to the function Each pattern is checked in sequence The first matching pattern executes 10
11 Pattern Matching Convert the following truth table into a Haskell Function: a b result False False True False True True True False False True True True 11
12 Pattern Matching Patterns can include a mixture of formal parameter variables and values Example: Construct a function, named mydiv, which divides a floating point numerator by a floating point denominator. The function should report an error if the denominator is 0. 12
13 Pattern Matching Works well for a small number of special cases Unable to handle two large collections of values like all positive integers and all negative integers Pattern order matters More specific patterns must be listed first Patterns can be applied to any data type By convention, _ is used for formal parameter variables that are not used in the function body 13
14 Guards Guards Permit a function s behavior to vary based on arbitrary expressions Often contain relational operators Less than Less than or equal Greater than Greater than or equal Equal Not equal 14
15 Guards Example: Construct a comparison function that takes one integer parameter, x. It will return 1 when x is less than 0 0 when x is equal to 0 1 when x is greater than 0 15
16 Combining Pattern Matching and Guards Pattern matching and guards can be combined Guards apply to the pattern that immediately precede them If none of the guards for a pattern evaluate to true, Haskell will move on to the next pattern Example: An alternative implementation of the comparison function 16
17 Guards Guards are evaluated in order Only the statement associated with the first guard that evaluates to true is executed Example: Convert a character from lowercase to uppercase Other characters should be returned unchanged 17
18 if then else Can be used within another expression Analogous to Java and C++ ternary conditional, or Python s conditional expression Example: Write a function that takes a character as its only parameter. The function will return a string containing a message that indicates whether or not the character is uppercase. For example A is an uppercase letter or b is not an uppercase letter. 18
19 case Pattern matching on an arbitrary expression Example: Write a function that reports whether or not a character is a vowel Should work for both upper and lowercase letters Don t want to list both the uppercase and lowercase vowels Y is sometimes a vowel 19
20 Summary Most languages provide multiple decision making constructs Imperative and object oriented languages if, if else, if elif else Switch / case Conditional operator / conditional expressions Haskell Pattern matching Guards if then else case 20
Topic 2: Making Decisions
Recommended Exercises and Readings Topic 2: From Haskell: The craft of functional programming (3 rd Ed.) Exercises: 3.1, 3.5, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.13, 3.14, 3.16, 3.17, 3.18, 3.19, 3.20, 3.22, 3.23
More informationTopic 8: Lazy Evaluation
Topic 8: Lazy Evaluation 1 Recommended Exercises and Readings From Haskell: The craft of functional programming (3 rd Ed.) Exercises: 17.1, 17.2, 17.4, 17.8, 17.23, 17.25, 17.28, 17.29 Readings: Chapter
More informationTopic 5: Higher Order Functions
Topic 5: Higher Order Functions 1 Recommended Exercises and Readings From Haskell: The craft of functional programming (3 rd Ed.) Exercises: 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7, 10.8, 10.9, 10.10,
More informationTopic 5: Higher Order Functions
Topic 5: Higher Order Functions 1 Recommended Exercises and Readings From Haskell: The craft of functional programming (3 rd Ed.) Exercises: 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7, 10.8, 10.9, 10.10,
More informationKey Differences Between Python and Java
Python Python supports many (but not all) aspects of object-oriented programming; but it is possible to write a Python program without making any use of OO concepts. Python is designed to be used interpretively.
More informationTopic 7: Algebraic Data Types
Topic 7: Algebraic Data Types 1 Recommended Exercises and Readings From Haskell: The craft of functional programming (3 rd Ed.) Exercises: 5.5, 5.7, 5.8, 5.10, 5.11, 5.12, 5.14 14.4, 14.5, 14.6 14.9, 14.11,
More informationTopic 9: Type Checking
Recommended Exercises and Readings Topic 9: Type Checking From Haskell: The craft of functional programming (3 rd Ed.) Exercises: 13.17, 13.18, 13.19, 13.20, 13.21, 13.22 Readings: Chapter 13.5, 13.6 and
More informationTopic 9: Type Checking
Topic 9: Type Checking 1 Recommended Exercises and Readings From Haskell: The craft of functional programming (3 rd Ed.) Exercises: 13.17, 13.18, 13.19, 13.20, 13.21, 13.22 Readings: Chapter 13.5, 13.6
More informationConditionals. For exercises 1 to 27, indicate the output that will be produced. Assume the following declarations:
Conditionals For exercises 1 to 27, indicate the output that will be produced. Assume the following declarations: final int MAX = 25, LIMIT = 100; int num1 = 12, num2 = 25, num3 = 87; 1. if (num1 < MAX)
More informationENGR 101 Engineering Design Workshop
ENGR 101 Engineering Design Workshop Lecture 2: Variables, Statements/Expressions, if-else Edgardo Molina City College of New York Literals, Variables, Data Types, Statements and Expressions Python as
More informationDatatypes, Variables, and Operations
Datatypes, Variables, and Operations 1 Primitive Type Classification 2 Numerical Data Types Name Range Storage Size byte 2 7 to 2 7 1 (-128 to 127) 8-bit signed short 2 15 to 2 15 1 (-32768 to 32767) 16-bit
More informationControl Structures in Java if-else and switch
Control Structures in Java if-else and switch Lecture 4 CGS 3416 Spring 2017 January 23, 2017 Lecture 4CGS 3416 Spring 2017 Selection January 23, 2017 1 / 26 Control Flow Control flow refers to the specification
More informationVariable and Data Type I
Islamic University Of Gaza Faculty of Engineering Computer Engineering Department Lab 2 Variable and Data Type I Eng. Ibraheem Lubbad September 24, 2016 Variable is reserved a location in memory to store
More informationLecture 27. Lecture 27: Regular Expressions and Python Identifiers
Lecture 27 Lecture 27: Regular Expressions and Python Identifiers Python Syntax Python syntax makes very few restrictions on the ways that we can name our variables, functions, and classes. Variables names
More informationTopic 4: Tuples and Lists
Topic 4: Tuples and Lists 1 Recommended Exercises and Readings From Haskell: The craft of functional programming (3 rd Ed.) Exercises: 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.15, 5.16, 5.17, 5.18, 5.19, 5.20, 5.21, 5.22, 5.23,
More informationIf Control Construct
If Control Construct A mechanism for deciding whether an action should be taken JPC and JWD 2002 McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1 Boolean Algebra Logical expressions have the one of two values - true or false A rectangle
More informationECE 122. Engineering Problem Solving with Java
ECE 122 Engineering Problem Solving with Java Lecture 8 More Conditional Statements Outline Problem: How do I make choices in my Java program? Understanding conditional statements Remember: Boolean logic
More informationECE 122. Engineering Problem Solving with Java
ECE 122 Engineering Problem Solving with Java Lecture 8 More Conditional Statements Outline Problem: How do I make choices in my Java program? Understanding conditional statements Remember: Boolean logic
More informationCS 115 Lecture 8. Selection: the if statement. Neil Moore
CS 115 Lecture 8 Selection: the if statement Neil Moore Department of Computer Science University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky 40506 neil@cs.uky.edu 24 September 2015 Selection Sometime we want to execute
More informationTopic 1: Introduction
Recommended Exercises and Readings Topic 1: Introduction From Haskell: The craft of functional programming (3 rd Ed.) Readings: Chapter 1 Chapter 2 1 2 What is a Programming Paradigm? Programming Paradigm:
More informationVARIABLES & ASSIGNMENTS
Fall 2018 CS150 - Intro to CS I 1 VARIABLES & ASSIGNMENTS Sections 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4 Fall 2018 CS150 - Intro to CS I 2 Variables Named storage location for holding data named piece of memory You need
More informationVariable and Data Type I
The Islamic University of Gaza Faculty of Engineering Dept. of Computer Engineering Intro. To Computers (LNGG 1003) Lab 2 Variable and Data Type I Eng. Ibraheem Lubbad February 18, 2017 Variable is reserved
More informationCHAPTER 2.1 CONTROL STRUCTURES (SELECTION) Dr. Shady Yehia Elmashad
CHAPTER 2.1 CONTROL STRUCTURES (SELECTION) Dr. Shady Yehia Elmashad Outline 1. The if Selection Structure 2. The if/else Selection Structure 3. The switch Multiple-Selection Structure 1. The if Selection
More informationIntroduction to Python
Introduction to Python Why is Python? Object-oriented Free (open source) Portable Powerful Mixable Easy to use Easy to learn Running Python Immediate mode Script mode Integrated Development Environment
More informationPython allows variables to hold string values, just like any other type (Boolean, int, float). So, the following assignment statements are valid:
1 STRINGS Objectives: How text data is internally represented as a string Accessing individual characters by a positive or negative index String slices Operations on strings: concatenation, comparison,
More informationText Input and Conditionals
Text Input and Conditionals Text Input Many programs allow the user to enter information, like a username and password. Python makes taking input from the user seamless with a single line of code: input()
More informationChapter 4: Making Decisions. Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Sunday, September 7, 14
Chapter 4: Making Decisions 4.1 Relational Operators Relational Operators Used to compare numbers to determine relative order Operators: > Greater than < Less than >= Greater than or equal to
More informationChapter 4: Making Decisions
Chapter 4: Making Decisions 4.1 Relational Operators Relational Operators Used to compare numbers to determine relative order Operators: > Greater than < Less than >= Greater than or equal to
More informationENJOY! Problem 2 What does the following code do, in a brief English sentence? int mystery(int k) { int i = 0; if (k < 0) return -1;
Midterm Practice Problems TA: Brian Choi (schoi@cs.ucla.edu) Section Webpage: http://www.cs.ucla.edu/~schoi/cs31 ENJOY! Problem 1 True False Variable names can begin with an alphabet or a digit. True False
More informationChapter 4: Making Decisions
Chapter 4: Making Decisions CSE 142 - Computer Programming I 1 4.1 Relational Operators Relational Operators Used to compare numbers to determine relative order Operators: > Greater than < Less than >=
More informationIntroduction Course Information Object Oriented Concepts Operators & Control Statements Assignment 3. CS Java. Introduction to Java
CS 190 - Java Introduction to Java Andy Mroczkowski uamroczk@cs.drexel.edu Department of Computer Science Drexel University January 28, 2008 / Lecture 2 Introduction Course Information Basic Course Information
More information9/21/17. Outline. Expression Evaluation and Control Flow. Arithmetic Expressions. Operators. Operators. Notation & Placement
Outline Expression Evaluation and Control Flow In Text: Chapter 6 Notation Operator evaluation order Operand evaluation order Overloaded operators Type conversions Short-circuit evaluation of conditions
More informationChapter 4: Control Structures I (Selection) Objectives. Objectives (cont d.) Control Structures. Control Structures (cont d.
Chapter 4: Control Structures I (Selection) In this chapter, you will: Objectives Learn about control structures Examine relational and logical operators Explore how to form and evaluate logical (Boolean)
More informationLecture Programming in C++ PART 1. By Assistant Professor Dr. Ali Kattan
Lecture 08-1 Programming in C++ PART 1 By Assistant Professor Dr. Ali Kattan 1 The Conditional Operator The conditional operator is similar to the if..else statement but has a shorter format. This is useful
More informationChapter 7. Expressions and Assignment Statements (updated edition 11) ISBN
Chapter 7 Expressions and Assignment Statements (updated edition 11) ISBN 0-321-49362-1 Chapter 7 Topics Introduction Arithmetic Expressions Overloaded Operators Type Conversions Relational and Boolean
More informationBoolean Algebra Boolean Algebra
What is the result and type of the following expressions? Int x=2, y=15; float u=2.0, v=15.0; -x x+y x-y x*v y / x x/y y%x x%y u*v u/v v/u u%v x * u (x+y)*u u / (x-x) x++ u++ u = --x u = x -- u *= ++x
More information2015 Academic Challenge
2015 Academic Challenge COMPUTER SCIENCE TEST - REGIONAL This Test Consists of 30 Questions Computer Science Test Production Team James D. Feher, McKendree University Author/Team Leader Nathan White, Central
More informationProgram Planning, Data Comparisons, Strings
Program Planning, Data Comparisons, Strings Program Planning Data Comparisons Strings Reading for this class: Dawson, Chapter 3 (p. 80 to end) and 4 Program Planning When you write your first programs,
More informationControl Structures. Lecture 4 COP 3014 Fall September 18, 2017
Control Structures Lecture 4 COP 3014 Fall 2017 September 18, 2017 Control Flow Control flow refers to the specification of the order in which the individual statements, instructions or function calls
More informationChapter 7. Expressions and Assignment Statements ISBN
Chapter 7 Expressions and Assignment Statements ISBN 0-321-33025-0 Chapter 7 Topics Introduction Arithmetic Expressions Overloaded Operators Type Conversions Relational and Boolean Expressions Short-Circuit
More informationSOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES PART ONE: Problem-Solving Techniques
SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES PART ONE: Problem-Solving Techniques 1 Principles of Programming and Software Engineering 1 const CENTS_PER_DOLLAR = 100; void computechange(int dollarcost, int centscost, int& d,
More informationOther Loop Options EXAMPLE
C++ 14 By EXAMPLE Other Loop Options Now that you have mastered the looping constructs, you should learn some loop-related statements. This chapter teaches the concepts of timing loops, which enable you
More informationCSI33 Data Structures
Outline Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Bronx Community College October 24, 2018 Outline Outline 1 Chapter 8: A C++ Introduction For Python Programmers Expressions and Operator Precedence
More informationPython review. 1 Python basics. References. CS 234 Naomi Nishimura
Python review CS 234 Naomi Nishimura The sections below indicate Python material, the degree to which it will be used in the course, and various resources you can use to review the material. You are not
More informationcs1114 REVIEW of details test closed laptop period
python details DOES NOT COVER FUNCTIONS!!! This is a sample of some of the things that you are responsible for do not believe that if you know only the things on this test that they will get an A on any
More informationCSE 452: Programming Languages. Outline of Today s Lecture. Expressions. Expressions and Control Flow
CSE 452: Programming Languages Expressions and Control Flow Outline of Today s Lecture Expressions and Assignment Statements Arithmetic Expressions Overloaded Operators Type Conversions Relational and
More informationModule 3 SELECTION STRUCTURES 2/15/19 CSE 1321 MODULE 3 1
Module 3 SELECTION STRUCTURES 2/15/19 CSE 1321 MODULE 3 1 Motivation In the programs we have written thus far, statements are executed one after the other, in the order in which they appear. Programs often
More informationLECTURE 04 MAKING DECISIONS
PowerPoint Slides adapted from *Starting Out with C++: From Control Structures through Objects, 7/E* by *Tony Gaddis* Copyright 2012 Pearson Education Inc. COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LECTURE 04 MAKING DECISIONS
More informationHints: I used a left fold and wrote a named helper function when I created my solution.
1) [4 marks] On a particular system, a password is considered acceptable if it meets the following constraints: It is at least 8 characters in length It contains at least one uppercase letter ('A' to 'Z')
More informationChapter 7. Expressions and Assignment Statements
Chapter 7 Expressions and Assignment Statements Chapter 7 Topics Introduction Arithmetic Expressions Overloaded Operators Type Conversions Relational and Boolean Expressions Short-Circuit Evaluation Assignment
More information1 Truth. 2 Conditional Statements. Expressions That Can Evaluate to Boolean Values. Williams College Lecture 4 Brent Heeringa, Bill Jannen
1 Truth Last lecture we learned about the int, float, and string types. Another very important object type in Python is the boolean type. The two reserved keywords True and False are values with type boolean.
More informationint n = 10; int sum = 10; while (n > 1) { sum = sum + n; n--; } cout << "The sum of the integers 1 to 10 is " << sum << endl;
Debugging Some have said that any monkey can write a program the hard part is debugging it. While this is somewhat oversimplifying the difficult process of writing a program, it is sometimes more time
More informationExpressions & Assignment Statements
Expressions & Assignment Statements 1 Topics Introduction Arithmetic Expressions Overloaded Operators Type Conversions Relational and Boolean Expressions Short-Circuit Evaluation Assignment Statements
More informationPROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTALS
PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTALS VARIABLES, EXPRESSIONS AND STATEMENTS João Correia Lopes INESC TEC, FEUP 27 September 2018 FPRO/MIEIC/2018-19 27/09/2018 1 / 21 INTRODUCTION GOALS By the end of this class, the
More information1- Write a single C++ statement that: A. Calculates the sum of the two integrates 11 and 12 and outputs the sum to the consol.
1- Write a single C++ statement that: A. Calculates the sum of the two integrates 11 and 12 and outputs the sum to the consol. B. Outputs to the console a floating point number f1 in scientific format
More informationConditional Expressions and Decision Statements
Conditional Expressions and Decision Statements June 1, 2015 Brian A. Malloy Slide 1 of 23 1. We have introduced 5 operators for addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and exponentiation: +,
More informationHaskell Programs. Haskell Fundamentals. What are Types? Some Very Basic Types. Types are very important in Haskell:
Haskell Programs We re covering material from Chapters 1-2 (and maybe 3) of the textbook. Haskell Fundamentals Prof. Susan Older A Haskell program is a series of comments and definitions. Each comment
More informationREVIEW. The C++ Programming Language. CS 151 Review #2
REVIEW The C++ Programming Language Computer programming courses generally concentrate on program design that can be applied to any number of programming languages on the market. It is imperative, however,
More informationDo not turn to the next page until the start of the exam.
Introduction to Programming, PIC10A E. Ryu Fall 2017 Midterm Exam Friday, November 3, 2017 50 minutes, 11 questions, 100 points, 8 pages While we don t expect you will need more space than provided, you
More information3/12/2018. Structures. Programming in C++ Sequential Branching Repeating. Loops (Repetition)
Structures Programming in C++ Sequential Branching Repeating Loops (Repetition) 2 1 Loops Repetition is referred to the ability of repeating a statement or a set of statements as many times this is necessary.
More informationBasic Concepts. Computer Science. Programming history Algorithms Pseudo code. Computer - Science Andrew Case 2
Basic Concepts Computer Science Computer - Science - Programming history Algorithms Pseudo code 2013 Andrew Case 2 Basic Concepts Computer Science Computer a machine for performing calculations Science
More informationObjectives. Chapter 4: Control Structures I (Selection) Objectives (cont d.) Control Structures. Control Structures (cont d.) Relational Operators
Objectives Chapter 4: Control Structures I (Selection) In this chapter, you will: Learn about control structures Examine relational and logical operators Explore how to form and evaluate logical (Boolean)
More information1. What type of error produces incorrect results but does not prevent the program from running? a. syntax b. logic c. grammatical d.
Gaddis: Starting Out with Python, 2e - Test Bank Chapter Two MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What type of error produces incorrect results but does not prevent the program from running? a. syntax b. logic c. grammatical
More informationVariables, expressions and statements
Variables, expressions and statements 2.1. Values and data types A value is one of the fundamental things like a letter or a number that a program manipulates. The values we have seen so far are 2 (the
More informationswitch case Logic Syntax Basics Functionality Rules Nested switch switch case Comp Sci 1570 Introduction to C++
Comp Sci 1570 Introduction to C++ Outline 1 Outline 1 Outline 1 switch ( e x p r e s s i o n ) { case c o n s t a n t 1 : group of statements 1; break ; case c o n s t a n t 2 : group of statements 2;
More informationLECTURE 02 INTRODUCTION TO C++
PowerPoint Slides adapted from *Starting Out with C++: From Control Structures through Objects, 7/E* by *Tony Gaddis* Copyright 2012 Pearson Education Inc. COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LECTURE 02 INTRODUCTION
More informationControl Structures. A program can proceed: Sequentially Selectively (branch) - making a choice Repetitively (iteratively) - looping
Control Structures A program can proceed: Sequentially Selectively (branch) - making a choice Repetitively (iteratively) - looping Conditional Execution if is a reserved word The most basic syntax for
More informationCS 117 Programming II, Spring 2018 Dr. Ghriga. Midterm Exam Estimated Time: 2 hours. March 21, DUE DATE: March 28, 2018 at 12:00 PM
CS 117 Programming II, Spring 2018 Dr. Ghriga Midterm Exam Estimated Time: 2 hours March 21, 2018 DUE DATE: March 28, 2018 at 12:00 PM INSTRUCTIONS: Do all exercises for a total of 100 points. You are
More informationConditionals and Loops
Conditionals and Loops Conditionals and Loops Now we will examine programming statements that allow us to: make decisions repeat processing steps in a loop Chapter 5 focuses on: boolean expressions conditional
More informationDecisions. Arizona State University 1
Decisions CSE100 Principles of Programming with C++, Fall 2018 (based off Chapter 4 slides by Pearson) Ryan Dougherty Arizona State University http://www.public.asu.edu/~redoughe/ Arizona State University
More informationReview: Exam 1. Your First C++ Program. Declaration Statements. Tells the compiler. Examples of declaration statements
Review: Exam 1 9/20/06 CS150 Introduction to Computer Science 1 1 Your First C++ Program 1 //*********************************************************** 2 // File name: hello.cpp 3 // Author: Shereen Khoja
More informationTokens, Expressions and Control Structures
3 Tokens, Expressions and Control Structures Tokens Keywords Identifiers Data types User-defined types Derived types Symbolic constants Declaration of variables Initialization Reference variables Type
More informationPerfect square. #include<iostream> using namespace std; int main(){ int a=1; int square; while(true){ } cout<<square<<endl; }
Lab 3 Kaikai Bian Perfect square #include using namespace std; int main(){ int a=1; int square; while(true){ } cout
More informationCPSC 3740 Programming Languages University of Lethbridge. Control Structures
Control Structures A control structure is a control statement and the collection of statements whose execution it controls. Common controls: selection iteration branching Control Structures 1 15 Howard
More informationG Programming Languages - Fall 2012
G22.2110-003 Programming Languages - Fall 2012 Lecture 3 Thomas Wies New York University Review Last week Names and Bindings Lifetimes and Allocation Garbage Collection Scope Outline Control Flow Sequencing
More information\n is used in a string to indicate the newline character. An expression produces data. The simplest expression
Chapter 1 Summary Comments are indicated by a hash sign # (also known as the pound or number sign). Text to the right of the hash sign is ignored. (But, hash loses its special meaning if it is part of
More informationConditionals !
Conditionals 02-201! Computing GCD GCD Problem: Compute the greatest common divisor of two integers. Input: Two integers a and b. Output: The greatest common divisor of a and b. Exercise: Design an algorithm
More informationCHAPTER 3 BASIC INSTRUCTION OF C++
CHAPTER 3 BASIC INSTRUCTION OF C++ MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI Computer programming (BFC 20802) Subtopics 2 Parts of a C++ Program Classes and Objects The #include Directive Variables and Literals Identifiers
More information1. a) What #include statement do you put at the top of a program that does uses cin, cout or endl?
Exercises with solutions. 1. a) What #include statement do you put at the top of a program that does uses cin, cout or endl? #include b) What using statement do you always put at the top of
More informationMATVEC: MATRIX-VECTOR COMPUTATION LANGUAGE REFERENCE MANUAL. John C. Murphy jcm2105 Programming Languages and Translators Professor Stephen Edwards
MATVEC: MATRIX-VECTOR COMPUTATION LANGUAGE REFERENCE MANUAL John C. Murphy jcm2105 Programming Languages and Translators Professor Stephen Edwards Language Reference Manual Introduction The purpose of
More informationDecision Structures. Lecture 3 MIT 12043, Fundamentals of Programming By: S. Sabraz Nawaz
Decision Structures Lecture 3 MIT 12043, Fundamentals of Programming By: S. Sabraz Nawaz Chapter Topics o Relational Operators o The if Statement o The if-else Statement o Nested if statements o The if-else-if
More informationComputer Science II Lecture 1 Introduction and Background
Computer Science II Lecture 1 Introduction and Background Discussion of Syllabus Instructor, TAs, office hours Course web site, http://www.cs.rpi.edu/courses/fall04/cs2, will be up soon Course emphasis,
More informationLAB 4.1 Relational Operators and the if Statement
LAB 4.1 Relational Operators and the if Statement // This program tests whether or not an initialized value of num2 // is equal to a value of num1 input by the user. int main( ) int num1, // num1 is not
More informationStatements execute in sequence, one after the other, such as the following solution for a quadratic equation:
Control Structures Sequence Statements execute in sequence, one after the other, such as the following solution for a quadratic equation: double desc, x1, x2; desc = b * b 4 * a * c; desc = sqrt(desc);
More informationCS150 Intro to CS I. Fall Fall 2017 CS150 - Intro to CS I 1
CS150 Intro to CS I Fall 2017 Fall 2017 CS150 - Intro to CS I 1 Chapter 4 Making Decisions Reading: Chapter 3 (3.5 pp. 101), Chapter 4 (4.4 pp. 166-168; 4.5 pp. 169-175; 4.6 pp.176-181; 4.8 pp. 182-189;
More informationControl Structures 1 / 17
Control Structures 1 / 17 Structured Programming Any algorithm can be expressed by: Sequence - one statement after another Selection - conditional execution (not conditional jumping) Repetition - loops
More informationSpoke. Language Reference Manual* CS4118 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES AND TRANSLATORS. William Yang Wang, Chia-che Tsai, Zhou Yu, Xin Chen 2010/11/03
CS4118 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES AND TRANSLATORS Spoke Language Reference Manual* William Yang Wang, Chia-che Tsai, Zhou Yu, Xin Chen 2010/11/03 (yw2347, ct2459, zy2147, xc2180)@columbia.edu Columbia University,
More informationSelec%on and Decision Structures in Java: If Statements and Switch Statements CSC 121 Fall 2016 Howard Rosenthal
Selec%on and Decision Structures in Java: If Statements and Switch Statements CSC 121 Fall 2016 Howard Rosenthal Lesson Goals Understand Control Structures Understand how to control the flow of a program
More informationBRANCHING if-else statements
BRANCHING if-else statements Conditional Statements A conditional statement lets us choose which statement t t will be executed next Therefore they are sometimes called selection statements Conditional
More informationME240 Computation for Mechanical Engineering. Lecture 4. C++ Data Types
ME240 Computation for Mechanical Engineering Lecture 4 C++ Data Types Introduction In this lecture we will learn some fundamental elements of C++: Introduction Data Types Identifiers Variables Constants
More informationReal Python: Python 3 Cheat Sheet
Real Python: Python 3 Cheat Sheet Numbers....................................... 3 Strings........................................ 5 Booleans....................................... 7 Lists.........................................
More informationComputational Expression
Computational Expression Variables, Primitive Data Types, Expressions Janyl Jumadinova 28-30 January, 2019 Janyl Jumadinova Computational Expression 28-30 January, 2019 1 / 17 Variables Variable is a name
More informationPrinciples of Computer Science
Principles of Computer Science Lecture 2 Dr. Horia V. Corcalciuc Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH) January 27, 2016 Loops: do-while do-while loops do
More informationC++ for Python Programmers
C++ for Python Programmers Adapted from a document by Rich Enbody & Bill Punch of Michigan State University Purpose of this document This document is a brief introduction to C++ for Python programmers
More informationChapter 4: Control Structures I (Selection)
Chapter 4: Control Structures I (Selection) 1 Objectives Learn about control structures Examine relational and logical operators Explore how to form and evaluate logical (Boolean) expressions Discover
More informationCS1500 Algorithms and Data Structures for Engineering, FALL Virgil Pavlu, Jose Annunziato,
CS1500 Algorithms and Data Structures for Engineering, FALL 2012 Virgil Pavlu, vip@ccs.neu.edu Jose Annunziato, jannunzi@gmail.com Rohan Garg Morteza Dilgir Huadong Li cs1500hw@gmail.com http://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/vip/teach/cpp_eng/
More informationBIT Java Programming. Sem 1 Session 2011/12. Chapter 2 JAVA. basic
BIT 3383 Java Programming Sem 1 Session 2011/12 Chapter 2 JAVA basic Objective: After this lesson, you should be able to: declare, initialize and use variables according to Java programming language guidelines
More informationComparing Data. Comparing Floating Point Values. Comparing Float Values. CS257 Computer Science I Kevin Sahr, PhD
1 CS257 Computer Science I Kevin Sahr, PhD Lecture 6: Comparing Data and Complex Boolean Expressions Comparing Data 2 When comparing data it's important to understand the nuances of certain data types
More informationReview. Input, Processing and Output. Review. Review. Designing a Program. Typical Software Development cycle. Bonita Sharif
Input, Processing and Output Bonita Sharif 1 Review A program is a set of instructions a computer follows to perform a task The CPU is responsible for running and executing programs A set of instructions
More informationIntroduction to Python and Programming. 1. Python is Like a Calculator. You Type Expressions. Python Computes Their Values /2 2**3 3*4+5*6
1. Python is a calculator. A variable is a container Introduction to Python and Programming BBM 101 - Introduction to Programming I Hacettepe University Fall 016 Fuat Akal, Aykut Erdem, Erkut Erdem 3.
More information