mith College Computer Science CSC270 Spring 2016 Circuits and Systems Lecture Notes, Week 11 Dominique Thiébaut

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1 mith College Computer Science CSC270 Spring 2016 Circuits and Systems Lecture Notes, Week 11 Dominique Thiébaut

2 Outline A Few Words about HW 8 Finish the Input Port Lab!

3 Revisiting Homework 8

4 6811 E A15 A14 A13 A2 A1 A0 Part 1 3-to-8 E' A2 A1 A0 Y0' Y1' Y2' Y3' Y4' Y5' Y6' Y7' D D Sd Cd Sd Q Q Q D7 D6 D0 Cd Q R/W D Sd Q Turn the Green LED On without changing the state of the others Cd Q

5 6811 E A15 A14 A13 Part 1 A2 A1 A0 D7 D6 D0 3-to-8 E' A2 A1 A0 Y0' Y1' Y2' Y3' Y4' Y5' Y6' Y7' 3-to-8 E' A2 A1 A0 Y0' Y1' Y2' Y3' Y4' Y5' Y6' Y7' D D Sd Cd Sd Cd Sd Q Q Q Q R/W D Q Turn the Green LED On without changing the state of the others Cd Q

6 6811 E A15 A14 A13 A2 A1 A0 Part 2 3-to-8 E' A2 A1 A0 Y0' Y1' Y2' Y3' Y4' Y5' Y6' Y7' D7 D6 D0 D Sd Cd Q Q R/W Send pulses as fast as possible

7 6811 E A15 A14 A13 A2 A1 A0 Part 2 Puzzle! 3-to-8 E' A2 A1 A0 Y0' Y1' Y2' Y3' Y4' Y5' Y6' Y7' Assume E's frequency is 1MHz Figure out a way to send pulses in 100 usec! D7 D6 D0 D Sd Cd Q Q R/W

8 6811 E A15 A14 A13 A2 A1 A0 Part 2 Puzzle! 3-to-8 E' A2 A1 A0 Y0' Y1' Y2' Y3' Y4' Y5' Y6' Y7' Figure out a way to send pulses in 100 cycles! D7 D6 D0 D Sd Cd Q Q R/W

9 Let s Stop HERE! Start the Lab!

10 Outline A Few Words about HW 8 Finish the Input Port Lab! Flexibility General Purpose IO Learning C The Arduino < download the IDE

11 6811 E A15 A14 A13 A2 A1 A0 Part 2 Puzzle! 3-to-8 E' A2 A1 A0 Y0' Y1' Y2' Y3' Y4' Y5' Y6' Y7' Assume E's frequency is 1MHz Figure out a way to send pulses in 100 usec! D7 D6 D0 D Sd Cd Q Q R/W

12 Sd D Q Q Cd Logic LDAA #1 STAA 8000 JMP START

13 General Purpose I/O

14 E' A2 A1 A0 D Sd Q Q Cd Sd D Q Q Cd R/W' D0

15 E' A2 A1 A0 D Sd Q Q Cd Sd D Q Q Cd R/W' D0

16 E' A2 A1 A0 D Sd Q Q Cd Sd D Q Q Cd R/W' D0

17 E' A2 A1 A0 D Sd Q Q Cd Sd D Q Q Cd R/W' D0

18 C Tutorial

19 References Online C Compiler wwwtutorialspointcom/ compile_c_onlinephp Web Tutorial Comp_Phys/General/C_basics/ c_tutorialhtml Kernighan & Ritchie C-Programming-Ebookpdf

20 Hello World!

21 Comments // this is a one-line comment /* this is a comment too */ /* this is a multi-line comment */

22 Variables & Types int -> integer variable short -> short integer (short int) long -> long integer (long int) float -> single precision real (floating point) variable double -> double precision real (floating point) variable char -> character variable (single byte) qualifiers: unsigned -> applies to ints const -> variable cannot be modified

23 Variables & Types int -> integer variable short -> short integer (short int) long -> long integer (long int) float -> single precision real (floating point) variable double -> double precision real (floating point) variable char -> character variable (single byte) qualifiers: unsigned -> applies to ints const -> variable cannot be modified No Booleans!

24

25 Output #include <sdtioh> printf( format, [variables], [literals] ); %nd > integer (optional n = number of columns) %mnf > float or double (optional m = number of columns, n = number of decimal places) %ns > string (optional n = number of columns) %c > character \n \t > new line, tab

26

27 (Chars are ints too!)

28 Input #include <sdtioh> scanf( format, [variables] ); %d > integer (optional n = number of columns) %f > float or double (optional m = number of columns, n = number of decimal places) %s > string (optional n = number of columns) %c > character (won't work with tutorials point's online IDE but will on

29 Using IDEOne

30 Input #include <sdtioh> char c; c = getchar(); (won't work with tutorials point's online IDE but will on

31

32 Loops while ( boolean expression ) { } for ( expr1; expr2; expr3 ) { } break; // break out of inner loop continue; // return to beginning of // inner loop

33 We stopped here last time That's the end of the Lab report

34 Exercise Use a loop to print all the letters of the alphabet

35 Use a loop to print the first 10 Fibonaccis 1, 1, 2, Exercise

36 Pointers! int a = 3; int* p = 0;

37 Pointers! int a = 3; int* p = 0; p 0 a 3

38 Pointers! int a = 3; int* p = 0; p 10FCB23 p = &a; a 3

39 Pointers! int a = 3; int* p = 0; p 10FCB23 p = &a; a = a + 1; a 3 4

40 Pointers! int a = 3; int* p = 0; p 10FCB23 p = &a; a = a + 1; *p = 5; a 3 4 5

41 Arrays int arr[4]; arr[0] = 1; arr[1] = 10; arr[2] = 3; arr[3] = 100; arr 1 0

42 Arrays int arr[4]; arr[0] = 1; arr[1] = 10; arr[2] = 3; arr[3] = 100; arr 1 0 An array variable is a pointer to the first cell of the array

43 Arrays int arr[4]; int *p; arr[0] = 1; arr[1] = 10; arr[2] = 3; arr[3] = 100; p = arr; *p = 99; *(p+2) = 65; arr An array variable is a pointer to the first cell of the array

44 Exercise Store the 10 first Fibonaccis in an array using indexes

45 Exercise Store the 10 first Fibonaccis in an array using pointers

46 // prototypes void hello(); int main(); Functions void hello() { } printf( "Hello World!\n" ); int main() { hello(); return 0; }

47 // prototypes void printnice(int); int main(); Functions Passing Parameters void printnice( int a ) { } printf( $%d00\n, a ); int main() { int dollars = 100; printnice( dollars ); return 0; }

48 // prototypes void increment( ); int main(); Functions Passing Parameters void increment( ) { a = a + 1; } int main() { int amount = 100; increment( amount ); return 0; }

49 Exercise Let's code Hanoi in C!!!

50 If-Statements if ( boolean expression ) { } else { }

51 If-Statements if ( boolean expression ) { } else { Operators } < > <= >=!= ==! &&

52 Create a function called swap() that swaps the two ints it gets as arguments Exercise

53 Dynamic int* arr; Memory Alloc arr = (int *) malloc( 10 * sizeof(int) ); if ( arr == NULL ) { // stop } arr[0] = 1; arr[9] = 100;

54 Dynamic int* arr; Memory Alloc arr = (int *) malloc( 10 * sizeof(int) ); if ( arr == NULL ) { // stop } arr[0] = 1; arr[9] = 100; // do some more work

55 Dynamic int* arr; Memory Alloc arr = (int *) malloc( 10 * sizeof(int) ); if ( arr == NULL ) { // stop } arr[0] = 1; arr[9] = 100; // perform some operations on arr free( arr );

56 STRINGS

57 Strings char name[] = "Sophia Smith"; printf( "name = %s\n", name );

58 Strings char name[] = "Sophia Smith"; char *place = "Smith College"; printf( "name = %s\n", name ); printf( "place = %s\n", place );

59 Strings char name[] = "Sophia Smith"; char *place = "Smith College"; char *st = (char *) malloc( 100*sizeof(char ) ); // initialize st printf( "name = %s\n", name ); printf( "place = %s\n", place ); printf( "st = %s\", st );

60 C Strings end with \0 char name[] = "Smith"; S m i t h \0?

61 C Strings Are Mutable char name[] = "Smith"; S m i t h \0 name[4] = 't'; S m i t t \0

62 Replace all the characters of "Smith College" by 'A' Do it with indexes, and with pointers Exercise

63 #include <stringh> Strings Functions char name[] = "Sophia Smith"; char *place = "Smith College"; char *st = (char *) malloc( 100*sizeof(char ) ); strcpy( st, name ); strcpy( st, " " ); strcpy( st, place );

64 The nine most common functions in <stringh>: strcat - concatenate two strings strchr - string scanning operation strcmp - compare two strings strcpy - copy a string strlen - get string length strncat - concatenate one string with part of another strncmp - compare parts of two strings strncpy - copy part of a string strrchr - string scanning operation See for more info

65 Write a C program that declares a string variable containing "Smith College" and replaces all the characters by the first letters of the alphabet Your program must use a loop! Exercise

66 Let s Stop HERE!

67 The Arduino

68 Why? Natural progression: transistor > gate > comb & seq circuits > microprocessor > I/O ports > microcontroller + C

69 References LYNDA: Good for installation of software on Windows and Mac Arduino's Site: LadyAda:

70