Data Representation and Binary Arithmetic. Lecture 2
|
|
- Melvin Gardner
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Data Representation and Binary Arithmetic Lecture 2 Computer Data Data is stored as binary; 0 s and 1 s Because two-state ( 0 & 1 ) logic elements can be manufactured easily Bit: binary digit (smallest quantity of info.) Organized in groups of bits stored in registers or memory The basic unit of data Aword: 8, 16, 32, 64 bits Usually all bits of a word are accessible simultaneously A byte is a group of 8 bits a word may be 1, 2, 4, or 8 bytes Lecture 2 2 1
2 Data Representation A computer word is whatever the programmer chooses it to represent Example: in our midterm, a student s score is recorded as in binary. What s the meaning? It might be 0 or 100! Entities which can be represented by a binary word are: an instruction or an operation code E.g. For Freescale ColdFire Family microprocessor represents STOP a numeric quantity Unsigned binary number, signed binary number Binary floating point number, complex number, etc. a character The letter A or b or TAB or a space a Graphic Character on the screen, e.g. Lecture 2 3 Binary Numbers = 1x10 2 = x10 1 = 0 + 1x10 0 = 1 + 1x10-1 = x10-2 = = 1x2 2 = 4 + 0x2 1 = 0 + 1x2 0 = 1 + 1x2-1 = x2-2 = 0.25 = Lecture 2 4 2
3 How to convert a number in base b to a decimal number? Lecture 2 5 Equivalence Table DECIMAL BINARY OCTAL HEXADECIMAL A B C D E F Lecture 2 6 3
4 Binary to Octal/Octal to Binary 1 Octal Digit corresponds to exactly 3 binary digits (8=2 3) EXAMPLES: 1) Divide into groups of 3 2) Write each digit in 3-bit binary format Lecture 2 7 Binary to Hexadecimal/Hex. to Binary 1 Hexadecimal Digit corresponds to exactly 4 binary digits (16=2 4) EXAMPLES: 1) D. E 16 2) 9D0.7C 16 Write each digit in 4-bit binary format Lecture 2 8 4
5 Decimal to Hex. Conversion In order to convert a decimal number into a hexadecimal number, the decimal number can first be converted into a binary number, and then into a hexadecimal number EXAMPLE: Two methods: 1. Divide by 16 or = N convert to binary (divide by 2) & group 25/16 = 1 R=9 1/16 = 0 R=1 LSB MSB 25/2 = 12 R=1 12/2 = 6 R=0 LSB 6/2 = 3 R=0 N 16 = /2 = 1 R=1 N 2 = Note: division completes until 1/2 = 0 R=1 MSB the quotient is 0 Question: Octal to Hex.? Lecture 2 9 Character Representation AMERICAN STANDARD CODE FOR INFORMATION INTERCHANGE (ASCII) A code for representing alpha-numeric characters in a digital system 7 bits, 128 possible combinations 26 upper case, 26 lower case, 10 numerals, special? / } *! Control Characters Examples: CR Carriage Return LF Line Feed BS Back Space VT Vertical Tab HT Horizontal Tab ETX End of Text SOH Start of Header STX Start of Text ACK Acknowledge ENQ Inquiry Lecture
6 ASCII Character Set MSB LSB NUL DLE SP P p SOH DC1! 1 A Q a q STX DC2 2 B R b r ETX DC3 # 3 C S c s EQT DC4 $ 4 D T d t ENQ NAK % 5 E U e u ACK SYN & 6 F V f v BEL ETB 7 G W g w BS CAN ( 8 H X h x HT EM ) 9 I Y i y A 1010 LF SUB * : J Z j z Lecture B 1011 VT ESC + ; K [ k { C 1100 FF FS, < L \ l D 1101 CR GS - = M ] m } E 1110 SO RS. > N ^ n ~ F 1111 SI US /? O _ o DEL L = 4C 16 = l = 6C 16 = Example Upper and Lower Case Letters L 4C l 6C Masking Operations - to change to lower case: OR with to SET bit #5 - to change to upper case: AND with to CLEAR bit #5 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 OR AND (LSB is bit #0) B6 1 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 B6 0 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 Lecture
7 Parity Bit Often a 7-bit ASCII code character is encoded as an 8- bit binary code pattern. This extra bit is traditionally placed in the most significant bit position EXAMPLE: L 4C Even Parity Parity Bit Odd Parity Even parity: the total # of 1 s in the encoded 8 bits is even Lecture 2 13 Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) A set of 4 bits is used to encode each decimal digit 0 to 9 (i.e., to ) EXAMPLE: 1) = N BCD Disadvantages of BCD encoding: BCD used 4xn bits to encode an n digit number Not as efficient to store information EXAMPLE: 1) = BCD Binary is bits needed BCD is bits needed, not as efficient Advantage: It is relatively easy to figure out what s the equivalent decimal number Lecture
8 Binary Arithmetic ADDITION SUBTRACTION = = = = 1 + borrow 1+0= = = 0 + carry 1-1 = 0 EXAMPLES: Addition Subtraction = = = Wrong = (overflow) = Correct For unsigned calculation: carry/borrow means overflow Signed calculation: see slides Lecture 2 15 Signed Negative Number There are two commonly used methods to represent negative numbers: 1) Sign plus magnitude 2) 2's complement All systems use the most significant bit position (MSB) as the sign bit 1 - negative number 0 - positive number Lecture
9 Sign and Magnitude MSB LSB Given an n-bit, the range of values possible is -( 2 n-1-1 ) to ( 2 n-1-1 ) EXAMPLES: 1) -7 4 bit +7 = = bit +7 = = ) -65 3) = = Not possible with 8 bits / Range -127 to is fine in a 2 s complement system with 8 bits! Lecture 2 17 Ten s Complement Arithmetic The 10 s complement of a n-digit number, N, is defined as 10 n N It can be calculated by subtracting each of the digits from 9 and adding 1 to the result, e.g. Consider a 4 digit number = = 8766 Lecture
10 Ten s Complement Arithmetic The complement of the complement is the original number = = 1234 Lecture s Complement Generation of 2's complement representation of an n-bit number - Subtract no. from 2 n i.e 2 n -A Flip each bit of the n bits, and add Copy bits from right until 1st One, then flip rest 2 s complement n=8 sign & magnitude n ( 2 n-1-1) ( 2 n-1 ) -128 not valid 1110 Range: -( 2 n-1 ) to ( 2 n-1-1 ) -( 2 n-1-1) to ( 2 n-1-1 ) In 2 s complement system, -A is represented by 2 s complement of A Lecture
11 2 s Complement -- Examples 44 + (-56) +44 = = = = and (i.e., 12) are complement to each other. So represents -12 You try the addition of two negative numbers, e.g., (-44) + (-56) Lecture 2 21 Overflow Assume 8-bit binary numbers. Does C=0 mean V=0? Yes, Why???? real result out of range: the biggest positive number with 8-bits is (-09) Overflow?? Overflow?? C= V=1 No, Why??? C= =59 10 V=0 For summation of two numbers of different sign, the real result is always within range. You find the examples with C=0, V=0, and C=1, and V=1 Lecture
12 Overflow (Cont d) When the real result of an addition or subtraction operation gives too large a result, this represents an overflow condition. There is overflow in addition when positive negative + positive + negative negative positive There is no overflow in addition when positive negative positive negative + positive + negative + negative + positive positive negative There is overflow in subtraction when positive negative - negative - positive negative positive Lecture 2 23 Extension of 2 s complement numbers If we have a 4 bit 2's complement number, what is the corresponding 8-bit representation? Extend the MSB! +7 = = = = Weighted values of bit positions in a 2's complement representation: n=8, 8-bit a 7 a 6 a 5 a 4 a 3 a 2 a 1 a 0-2 n-1, -2 7 = = = = 16 Lecture
Fundamentals of Programming (C)
Borrowed from lecturer notes by Omid Jafarinezhad Fundamentals of Programming (C) Group 8 Lecturer: Vahid Khodabakhshi Lecture Number Systems Department of Computer Engineering Outline Numeral Systems
More informationChapter 2 Number System
Chapter 2 Number System Embedded Systems with ARM Cortext-M Updated: Tuesday, January 16, 2018 What you should know.. Before coming to this class Decimal Binary Octal Hex 0 0000 00 0x0 1 0001 01 0x1 2
More information1.1. INTRODUCTION 1.2. NUMBER SYSTEMS
Chapter 1. 1.1. INTRODUCTION Digital computers have brought about the information age that we live in today. Computers are important tools because they can locate and process enormous amounts of information
More informationNumber System (Different Ways To Say How Many) Fall 2016
Number System (Different Ways To Say How Many) Fall 2016 Introduction to Information and Communication Technologies CSD 102 Email: mehwish.fatima@ciitlahore.edu.pk Website: https://sites.google.com/a/ciitlahore.edu.pk/ict/
More informationCPS 104 Computer Organization and Programming Lecture-2 : Data representations,
CPS 104 Computer Organization and Programming Lecture-2 : Data representations, Sep. 1, 1999 Dietolf Ramm http://www.cs.duke.edu/~dr/cps104.html CPS104 Lec2.1 GK&DR Fall 1999 Data Representation Computers
More informationDATA REPRESENTATION. Data Types. Complements. Fixed Point Representations. Floating Point Representations. Other Binary Codes. Error Detection Codes
1 DATA REPRESENTATION Data Types Complements Fixed Point Representations Floating Point Representations Other Binary Codes Error Detection Codes 2 Data Types DATA REPRESENTATION Information that a Computer
More informationCS/ECE 252: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON
CS/ECE 252: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON Prof. Gurindar Sohi TAs: Pradip Vallathol and Junaid Khalid Midterm Examination 1 In Class (50 minutes) Friday, September
More informationFundamentals of Programming
Fundamentals of Programming Lecture 2 Number Systems & Arithmetic Lecturer : Ebrahim Jahandar Some Parts borrowed from slides by IETC1011-Yourk University Common Number Systems System Base Symbols Used
More informationCS/ECE 252: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON
CS/ECE 252: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON Prof. Gurindar Sohi TAs: Junaid Khalid and Pradip Vallathol Midterm Examination 1 In Class (50 minutes) Friday, September
More informationNumber Systems Base r
King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Computer Engineering Dept COE 2 Fundamentals of Computer Engineering Term 22 Dr. Ashraf S. Hasan Mahmoud Rm 22-44 Ext. 724 Email: ashraf@ccse.kfupm.edu.sa 3/7/23
More informationChapter 2 Bits, Data Types, and Operations
Chapter Bits, Data Types, and Operations How do we represent data in a computer? At the lowest level, a computer is an electronic machine. works by controlling the flow of electrons Easy to recognize two
More informationChapter 2 Bits, Data Types, and Operations
Chapter 2 Bits, Data Types, and Operations How do we represent data in a computer? At the lowest level, a computer is an electronic machine. works by controlling the flow of electrons Easy to recognize
More informationBits and Bytes. Data Representation. A binary digit or bit has a value of either 0 or 1; these are the values we can store in hardware devices.
Bits and Bytes 1 A binary digit or bit has a value of either 0 or 1; these are the values we can store in hardware devices. A byte is a sequence of 8 bits. A byte is also the fundamental unit of storage
More informationChapter 2 Bits, Data Types, and Operations
Chapter 2 Bits, Data Types, and Operations Original slides from Gregory Byrd, North Carolina State University Modified slides by Chris Wilcox, Colorado State University How do we represent data in a computer?!
More informationNumber Representations
Simple Arithmetic [Arithm Notes] Number representations Signed numbers Sign-magnitude, ones and twos complement Arithmetic Addition, subtraction, negation, overflow MIPS instructions Logic operations MIPS
More informationChapter 2 Bits, Data Types, and Operations
Chapter 2 Bits, Data Types, and Operations Original slides from Gregory Byrd, North Carolina State University Modified by Chris Wilcox, S. Rajopadhye Colorado State University How do we represent data
More informationNumbers and Computers. Debdeep Mukhopadhyay Assistant Professor Dept of Computer Sc and Engg IIT Madras
Numbers and Computers Debdeep Mukhopadhyay Assistant Professor Dept of Computer Sc and Engg IIT Madras 1 Think of a number between 1 and 15 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4 5 6 7 12 13 14 15 2 3 6 7 10 11 14 15
More informationplc numbers Encoded values; BCD and ASCII Error detection; parity, gray code and checksums
plc numbers - 3. 3. NUMBERS AND DATA Topics: Number bases; binary, octal,, hexa Binary calculations; s compliments, addition, subtraction and Boolean operations Encoded values; BCD and ASCII Error detection;
More informationChapter 3. Information Representation
Chapter 3 Information Representation Instruction Set Architecture APPLICATION LEVEL HIGH-ORDER LANGUAGE LEVEL ASSEMBLY LEVEL OPERATING SYSTEM LEVEL INSTRUCTION SET ARCHITECTURE LEVEL 3 MICROCODE LEVEL
More informationPositional Number System
Positional Number System A number is represented by a string of digits where each digit position has an associated weight. The weight is based on the radix of the number system. Some common radices: Decimal.
More informationCMSC 313 Lecture 03 Multiple-byte data big-endian vs little-endian sign extension Multiplication and division Floating point formats Character Codes
Multiple-byte data CMSC 313 Lecture 03 big-endian vs little-endian sign extension Multiplication and division Floating point formats Character Codes UMBC, CMSC313, Richard Chang 4-5 Chapter
More informationOberon Data Types. Matteo Corti. December 5, 2001
Oberon Data Types Matteo Corti corti@inf.ethz.ch December 5, 2001 1 Introduction This document is aimed at students without any previous programming experience. We briefly describe some data types of the
More informationData Representa5on. CSC 2400: Computer Systems. What kinds of data do we need to represent?
CSC 2400: Computer Systems Data Representa5on What kinds of data do we need to represent? - Numbers signed, unsigned, integers, floating point, complex, rational, irrational, - Text characters, strings,
More informationData Representa5on. CSC 2400: Computer Systems. What kinds of data do we need to represent?
CSC 2400: Computer Systems Data Representa5on What kinds of data do we need to represent? - Numbers signed, unsigned, integers, floating point, complex, rational, irrational, - Text characters, strings,
More informationChapter 2 Bits, Data Types, and Operations
Chapter 2 Bits, Data Types, and Operations Computer is a binary digital system. Digital system: finite number of symbols Binary (base two) system: has two states: 0 and 1 Basic unit of information is the
More informationNumber Systems for Computers. Outline of Introduction. Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal numbers. Issues for Binary Representation of Numbers
Outline of Introduction Administrivia What is computer architecture? What do computers do? Representing high level things in binary Data objects: integers, decimals, characters, etc. Memory locations (We
More informationBINARY SYSTEM. Binary system is used in digital systems because it is:
CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER CONTENTS 2.1 Binary System 2.2 Binary Arithmetic Operation 2.3 Signed & Unsigned Numbers 2.4 Arithmetic Operations of Signed Numbers 2.5 Hexadecimal Number System 2.6 Octal Number System
More informationCMSC 313 COMPUTER ORGANIZATION & ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING LECTURE 02, FALL 2012
CMSC 33 COMPUTER ORGANIZATION & ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING LECTURE 2, FALL 22 TOPICS TODAY Bits of Memory Data formats for negative numbers Modulo arithmetic & two s complement Floating point formats
More informationUnit 3. Analog vs. Digital. Analog vs. Digital ANALOG VS. DIGITAL. Binary Representation
3.1 3.2 Unit 3 Binary Representation ANALOG VS. DIGITAL 3.3 3.4 Analog vs. Digital The analog world is based on continuous events. Observations can take on (real) any value. The digital world is based
More information3.1. Unit 3. Binary Representation
3.1 Unit 3 Binary Representation ANALOG VS. DIGITAL 3.2 3.3 Analog vs. Digital The analog world is based on continuous events. Observations can take on (real) any value. The digital world is based on discrete
More informationCS341 *** TURN OFF ALL CELLPHONES *** Practice NAME
CS341 *** TURN OFF ALL CELLPHONES *** Practice Final Exam B. Wilson NAME OPEN BOOK / OPEN NOTES: I GIVE PARTIAL CREDIT! SHOW ALL WORK! 1. Processor Architecture (20 points) a. In a Harvard architecture
More informationEE 109 Unit 3. Analog vs. Digital. Analog vs. Digital. Binary Representation Systems ANALOG VS. DIGITAL
3. 3. EE 9 Unit 3 Binary Representation Systems ANALOG VS. DIGITAL 3.3 3. Analog vs. Digital The analog world is based on continuous events. Observations can take on any (real) value. The digital world
More informationExperiment 3. TITLE Optional: Write here the Title of your program.model SMALL This directive defines the memory model used in the program.
Experiment 3 Introduction: In this experiment the students are exposed to the structure of an assembly language program and the definition of data variables and constants. Objectives: Assembly language
More informationUnder the Hood: Data Representation. Computer Science 104 Lecture 2
Under the Hood: Data Representation Computer Science 104 Lecture 2 Admin Piazza, Sakai Up Everyone should have access Homework 1 Posted Due Feb 6 PDF or Plain Text Only: No Word or RTF Recommended: Learn
More informationEE 109 Unit 2. Analog vs. Digital. Analog vs. Digital. Binary Representation Systems ANALOG VS. DIGITAL
EE 9 Unit Binary Representation Systems ANALOG VS. DIGITAL Analog vs. Digital The analog world is based on continuous events. Observations can take on any (real) value. The digital world is based on discrete
More informationThe Binary Number System
The Binary Number System Robert B. Heckendorn University of Idaho August 24, 2017 Numbers are said to be represented by a place-value system, where the value of a symbol depends on where it is... its place.
More informationUNIT 2 NUMBER SYSTEM AND PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
UNIT 2 NUMBER SYSTEM AND PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES Structure 2.0 Introduction 2.1 Unit Objectives 2.2 Number Systems 2.3 Bits and Bytes 2.4 Binary Number System 2.5 Decimal Number System 2.6 Octal Number System
More informationEXPERIMENT 8: Introduction to Universal Serial Asynchronous Receive Transmit (USART)
EXPERIMENT 8: Introduction to Universal Serial Asynchronous Receive Transmit (USART) Objective: Introduction To understand and apply USART command for sending and receiving data Universal Serial Asynchronous
More informationUnit 3, Lesson 2 Data Types, Arithmetic,Variables, Input, Constants, & Library Functions. Mr. Dave Clausen La Cañada High School
Unit 3, Lesson 2 Data Types, Arithmetic,Variables, Input, Constants, & Library Functions Mr. Dave Clausen La Cañada High School Vocabulary Variable- A variable holds data that can change while the program
More informationEXPERIMENT 7: Introduction to Universal Serial Asynchronous Receive Transmit (USART)
EXPERIMENT 7: Introduction to Universal Serial Asynchronous Receive Transmit (USART) Objective: To understand and apply USART command for sending and receiving data Introduction Universal Serial Asynchronous
More informationCMSC 313 COMPUTER ORGANIZATION & ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING LECTURE 02, SPRING 2013
CMSC 313 COMPUTER ORGANIZATION & ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING LECTURE 02, SPRING 2013 TOPICS TODAY Bits of Memory Data formats for negative numbers Modulo arithmetic & two s complement Floating point
More informationDo not start the test until instructed to do so!
Instructions: Print your name in the space provided below. This examination is closed book and closed notes, aside from the permitted one-page formula sheet. No calculators or other electronic devices
More informationEE 109 Unit 2. Binary Representation Systems
EE 09 Unit 2 Binary Representation Systems ANALOG VS. DIGITAL 2 3 Analog vs. Digital The analog world is based on continuous events. Observations can take on (real) any value. The digital world is based
More informationCPSC 301: Computing in the Life Sciences Lecture Notes 16: Data Representation
CPSC 301: Computing in the Life Sciences Lecture Notes 16: Data Representation George Tsiknis University of British Columbia Department of Computer Science Winter Term 2, 2015-2016 Last updated: 04/04/2016
More informationLecture (09) x86 programming 8
Lecture (09) x86 programming 8 By: Dr. Ahmed ElShafee 1 Basic Input Output System BIOS BIOS refers to a set of procedures or functions that enable the programmer have access to the hardware of the computer.
More informationBinary Numbers. The Basics. Base 10 Number. What is a Number? = Binary Number Example. Binary Number Example
The Basics Binary Numbers Part Bit of This and a Bit of That What is a Number? Base Number We use the Hindu-Arabic Number System positional grouping system each position represents a power of Binary numbers
More information5/17/2009. Digitizing Discrete Information. Ordering Symbols. Analog vs. Digital
Chapter 8: Bits and the "Why" of Bytes: Representing Information Digitally Digitizing Discrete Information Fluency with Information Technology Third Edition by Lawrence Snyder Copyright 2008 Pearson Education,
More informationExercises Software Development I. 03 Data Representation. Data types, range of values, internal format, literals. October 22nd, 2014
Exercises Software Development I 03 Data Representation Data types, range of values, ernal format, literals October 22nd, 2014 Software Development I Wer term 2013/2014 Priv.-Doz. Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Andreas
More informationDigital Fundamentals
Digital Fundamentals Tenth Edition Floyd Chapter 2 2009 Pearson Education, Upper 2008 Pearson Saddle River, Education NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved Decimal Numbers The position of each digit in a weighted
More informationData Representation COE 301. Computer Organization Prof. Muhamed Mudawar
Data Representation COE 30 Computer Organization Prof. Muhamed Mudawar College of Computer Sciences and Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Presentation Outline Positional Number
More informationCMSC 313 COMPUTER ORGANIZATION & ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING LECTURE 02, FALL 2012
CMSC 313 COMPUTER ORGANIZATION & ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING LECTURE 02, FALL 2012 ANNOUNCEMENTS TA Office Hours (ITE 334): Genaro Hernandez, Jr. Mon 10am 12noon Roshan Ghumare Wed 10am 12noon Prof.
More informationHardware. ( Not so hard really )
Hardware ( Not so hard really ) Introduction to Computers What is a computer? Why use a computer anyway? Do they have limitations? What s next? A bit of history Mechanical Early 1614 1643 1673 Abacus Slide
More informationSource coding and compression
Computer Mathematics Week 5 Source coding and compression College of Information Science and Engineering Ritsumeikan University last week binary representations of signed numbers sign-magnitude, biased
More informationDo not start the test until instructed to do so!
Instructions: Print your name in the space provided below. This examination is closed book and closed notes, aside from the permitted one-page formula sheet. No calculators or other electronic devices
More informationFundamental Data Types
Fundamental Data Types Lecture 4 Sections 2.7-2.10 Robb T. Koether Hampden-Sydney College Mon, Sep 3, 2018 Robb T. Koether (Hampden-Sydney College) Fundamental Data Types Mon, Sep 3, 2018 1 / 25 1 Integers
More informationASSIGNMENT 5 TIPS AND TRICKS
ASSIGNMENT 5 TIPS AND TRICKS linear-feedback shift registers Java implementation a simple encryption scheme http://princeton.edu/~cos26 Last updated on /26/7 : PM Goals OOP: implement a data type; write
More information2a. Codes and number systems (continued) How to get the binary representation of an integer: special case of application of the inverse Horner scheme
2a. Codes and number systems (continued) How to get the binary representation of an integer: special case of application of the inverse Horner scheme repeated (integer) division by two. Example: What is
More informationCSE-1520R Test #1. The exam is closed book, closed notes, and no aids such as calculators, cellphones, etc.
9 February 2011 CSE-1520R Test #1 [7F] w/ answers p. 1 of 8 CSE-1520R Test #1 Sur / Last Name: Given / First Name: Student ID: Instructor: Parke Godfrey Exam Duration: 45 minutes Term: Winter 2011 The
More informationChapter 3: Number Systems and Codes. Textbook: Petruzella, Frank D., Programmable Logic Controllers. McGraw Hill Companies Inc.
Chapter 3: Number Systems and Codes Textbook: Petruzella, Frank D., Programmable Logic Controllers. McGraw Hill Companies Inc., 5 th edition Decimal System The radix or base of a number system determines
More informationDo not start the test until instructed to do so!
Instructions: Print your name in the space provided below. This examination is closed book and closed notes, aside from the permitted one-page formula sheet. No calculators or other electronic devices
More informationCSE-1520R Test #1. The exam is closed book, closed notes, and no aids such as calculators, cellphones, etc.
9 February 2011 CSE-1520R Test #1 [B4] p. 1 of 8 CSE-1520R Test #1 Sur / Last Name: Given / First Name: Student ID: Instructor: Parke Godfrey Exam Duration: 45 minutes Term: Winter 2011 The exam is closed
More informationVariables and data types
Programming with Python Module 1 Variables and data types Theoretical part Contents 1 Module overview 4 2 Writing computer programs 4 2.1 Computer programs consist of data and instructions......... 4 2.2
More informationUNIT 7A Data Representation: Numbers and Text. Digital Data
UNIT 7A Data Representation: Numbers and Text 1 Digital Data 10010101011110101010110101001110 What does this binary sequence represent? It could be: an integer a floating point number text encoded with
More informationPureScan - ML1. Configuration Guide. Wireless Linear Imager Wireless Laser scanner - 1 -
PureScan - ML1 Wireless Linear Imager Wireless Laser scanner Configuration Guide - 1 - Table of Contents Chapter 1 System Information 1.1 About this manual 3 1.2 How to set up the parameter 3 Chapter 2
More informationNumber Systems II MA1S1. Tristan McLoughlin. November 30, 2013
Number Systems II MA1S1 Tristan McLoughlin November 30, 2013 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/binary numeral system http://accu.org/index.php/articles/18 http://www.binaryconvert.com http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ascii
More informationSerial I/O. 4: Serial I/O. CET360 Microprocessor Engineering. J. Sumey
4: Serial I/O CET360 Microprocessor Engineering J. Sumey Introduction serial, i.e. bit-at-a-time, interfacing techniques are useful when parallel interfacing limitations become problematic distance limitations
More informationCHW 261: Logic Design
CHW 261: Logic Design Instructors: Prof. Hala Zayed Dr. Ahmed Shalaby http://www.bu.edu.eg/staff/halazayed14 http://bu.edu.eg/staff/ahmedshalaby14# Slide 1 Slide 2 Slide 3 Digital Fundamentals CHAPTER
More informationChapter 8. Characters and Strings
Chapter 8 Characters and s OJECTIVES After you have read and studied this chapter, you should be able to Declare and manipulate data of the char data type. Write string processing programs using and uffer
More informationS-Series Sensor ASCII Protocol v8.1.0
S-Series Sensor v8.1.0 Legend: ADR Node/Slave Address TIME STAT Status Byte ERR CTRL Control Byte SP # POS Position DATA TARG Target CHAR VEL Velocity OFF SN CODE PAR # Serial Number Security Code Parameter
More informationUniversal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter Communication
Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter Communication 13 October 2011 Synchronous Serial Standard SPI I 2 C Asynchronous Serial Standard UART Asynchronous Resynchronization Asynchronous Data Transmission
More informationRui Wang, Assistant professor Dept. of Information and Communication Tongji University.
Data Representation ti and Arithmetic for Computers Rui Wang, Assistant professor Dept. of Information and Communication Tongji University it Email: ruiwang@tongji.edu.cn Questions What do you know about
More informationn NOPn Unary no operation trap U aaa NOP Nonunary no operation trap i
Instruction set Instruction Mnemonic Instruction Addressing Status Specifier Mode Bits 0000 0000 STOP Stop execution U 0000 0001 RET Return from CALL U 0000 0010 RETTR Return from trap U 0000 0011 MOVSPA
More informationCoding Theory. Networks and Embedded Software. Digital Circuits. by Wolfgang Neff
Coding Theory Networks and Embedded Software Digital Circuits by Wolfgang Neff Coding (1) Basic concepts Information Knowledge about something Abstract concept (just in mind, can not be touched) Data Representation
More informationFD-011WU. 2D Barcode Reader User Guide V1.6CC
FD-011WU 2D Barcode Reader User Guide V1.6CC Table of Contents 1 Getting Started... 1 1.1 Factory Defaults... 1 2 Communication Interfaces...2 2.1 TTL-232 Interface... 2 2.2 Baud Rate... 3 2.3 Data Bit
More informationImperial College London Department of Computing
Imperial College London Department of Computing Architecture SELF-STUDY NOTES January 2018 Integers and Characters (1) Self-Study Welcome to the Computer Architecture course. These notes cover basic topics
More informationUser s Manual. Xi3000 Scanner. Table of Contents
Xi3000 Scanner User s Manual Table of Contents Restore Default Settings... 1 Exit Setup without Changes... 1 Configure Through RS232... 1 List Setting... 1 Buzzer Settings... 2 Reading Redundancy Setting...
More informationMACHINE LEVEL REPRESENTATION OF DATA
MACHINE LEVEL REPRESENTATION OF DATA CHAPTER 2 1 Objectives Understand how integers and fractional numbers are represented in binary Explore the relationship between decimal number system and number systems
More informationBinary Codes. Dr. Mudathir A. Fagiri
Binary Codes Dr. Mudathir A. Fagiri Binary System The following are some of the technical terms used in binary system: Bit: It is the smallest unit of information used in a computer system. It can either
More informationCS & IT Conversions. Magnitude 10,000 1,
CS & IT Conversions There are several number systems that you will use when working with computers. These include decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. Knowing how to convert between these number systems
More informationIntroduction to Decision Structures. Boolean & If Statements. Different Types of Decisions. Boolean Logic. Relational Operators
Boolean & If Statements Introduction to Decision Structures Chapter 4 Fall 2015, CSUS Chapter 4.1 Introduction to Decision Structures Different Types of Decisions A decision structure allows a program
More informationConnecting UniOP to Datalogic Barcode Readers
Connecting UniOP to Datalogic Barcode Readers This Technical Note contains the information needed to connect UniOP to Datalogic Barcode Scanners. Contents 1. Introduction...1 2. Designer setup...1 2.1
More informationCSE 30 Spring 2007 Final Exam
Login: cs30x Student ID Name Signature CSE 30 Spring 2007 Final Exam 1. Number Systems (25 points) 2. Binary Addition/Condition Code Bits/Overflow Detection (12 points) 3. Branching (19 points) 4. Bit
More informationCSC 8400: Computer Systems. Represen3ng and Manipula3ng Informa3on. Background: Number Systems
CSC 8400: Computer Systems Represen3ng and Manipula3ng Informa3on Background: Number Systems 1 Analog vs. Digital System q Analog Signals - Value varies con1nuously q Digital Signals - Value limited to
More informationDigital Fundamentals. CHAPTER 2 Number Systems, Operations, and Codes
Digital Fundamentals CHAPTER 2 Number Systems, Operations, and Codes Decimal Numbers The decimal number system has ten digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 The decimal numbering system has a base of
More informationA GUIDE TO RS-232 COMMUNICATION WITH FX PLCS
A GUIDE TO RS-232 COMMUNICATION WITH FX PLCS Page 1 of 35 A GUIDE TO RS-232 COMMUNICATION WITH FX PLCS This document has been written specifically for FX and FX0N users that are unfamiliar with RS-232
More information1. Character/String Data, Expressions & Intrinsic Functions. Numeric Representation of Non-numeric Values. (CHARACTER Data Type), Part 1
Character/String Data, Expressions Intrinsic Functions (CHARACTER Data Type), Part 1 1. Character/String Data, Expressions Intrinsic Functions (CHARACTER Data Type), Part 1 2. Numeric Representation of
More informationCSE 30 Spring 2006 Final Exam
cs30x_ Student ID Name _ Signature CSE 30 Spring 2006 Final Exam 1. Number Systems _ (15 points) 2. Binary Addition/Condition Code Bits/Overflow Detection _ (12 points) 3. Branching _ (18 points) 4. Bit
More informationCSE 30 Fall 2013 Final Exam
Login: cs30x Student ID Name Signature By filling in the above and signing my name, I confirm I will complete this exam with the utmost integrity and in accordance with the Policy on Integrity of Scholarship.
More informationCSE 30 Winter 2009 Final Exam
Login: cs30x Student ID Name Signature CSE 30 Winter 2009 Final Exam 1. Number Systems / C Compiling Sequence (15 points) 2. Binary Addition/Condition Code Bits/Overflow Detection (12 points) 3. Branching
More informationFA269 - DIGITAL MEDIA AND CULTURE
FA269 - DIGITAL MEDIA AND CULTURE ST. LAWRENCE UNIVERSITY a. hauber http://blogs.stlawu.edu/digitalmedia DIGITAL TECHNICAL PRIMER INCLUDED HERE ARE THE FOLLOWING TOPICS A. WHAT IS A COMPUTER? B. THE DIFFERENCE
More informationTable of Contents Sleep Settings How to Configure the Scanner. 7 Chapter 2 System Setup
Table of Contents Chapter 1 System Information 1.1 Setup Scanner with PC 1.2 Setup Scanner with Mobile Device 1.3 Configure ios On-Screen Keyboard 1.4 Memory Mode 3 4 4 5 1.5 Sleep Settings 6 1.6 How to
More informationXi2000-BT Series Configuration Guide
U.S. Default Settings Sequence Reset Scanner Xi2000-BT Series Configuration Guide Auto-Sense Mode ON UPC-A Convert to EAN-13 OFF UPC-E Lead Zero ON Save Changes POS-X, Inc. 2130 Grant St. Bellingham, WA
More informationConfiguration Manual PULSAR C CCD SCANNER. Table of Contents
Table of Contents PULSAR C CCD SCANNER Configuration Manual Metrologic Instruments GmbH Dornier Strasse 2 82178 Puchheim Germany Tel +49 89 890190 Fax +49 89 89019200 www.europe.metrologic.com Metrologic
More informationCSE 30 Winter 2014 Final Exam
Signature Login: cs30x Name Student ID By filling in the above and signing my name, I confirm I will complete this exam with the utmost integrity and in accordance with the Policy on Integrity of Scholarship.
More informationCSE 30 Fall 2007 Final Exam
Login: cs30x Student ID Name Signature CSE 30 Fall 2007 Final Exam 1. Number Systems (25 points) 2. Binary Addition/Condition Code Bits/Overflow Detection (12 points) 3. Branching (19 points) 4. Bit Operations
More informationMOBILE THERMAL PRINTER
MOBILE THERMAL PRINTER MODEL CMP-30 series ESC Command Manual Rev. 1.00 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Command Description... 6 2. Commands... 7 HT... 7 LF... 7 CR... 8 FF... 8 CAN... 8 DLE EOT... 9 DLE ENQ... 12
More informationCSE 30 Fall 2012 Final Exam
Login: cs30x Student ID Name Signature By filling in the above and signing my name, I confirm I will complete this exam with the utmost integrity and in accordance with the Policy on Integrity of Scholarship.
More informationDigital Systems COE 202. Digital Logic Design. Dr. Muhamed Mudawar King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
Digital Systems COE 202 Digital Logic Design Dr. Muhamed Mudawar King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Welcome to COE 202 Course Webpage: http://faculty.kfupm.edu.sa/coe/mudawar/coe202/ Lecture
More information4/14/2015. Architecture of the World Wide Web. During this session we will discuss: Structure of the World Wide Web
Internet Gambling Investigations Architecture of the World Wide Web Ω Objectives During this session we will discuss: The term world wide web User interaction on the world wide web The purpose of gateways
More informationCharacters Lesson Outline
Outline 1. Outline 2. Numeric Encoding of Non-numeric Data #1 3. Numeric Encoding of Non-numeric Data #2 4. Representing Characters 5. How Characters Are Represented #1 6. How Characters Are Represented
More information