CSE443 Compilers. Dr. Carl Alphonce 343 Davis Hall

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1 CSE443 Compilers Dr. Carl Alphonce 343 Davis Hall

2 Announcements Weekly team meetings with me: - Doodle poll link in Piazza Wednesday (4/4) will be a workshop Wednesday - Post questions you'd like addressed in Piazza by Sunday (4/1) evening

3 Phases of a compiler Intermediate Representation (IR): specification and generation Figure 1.6, page 5 of text

4 Intermediate Representations

5 Sizes of types Q: Since the number of type string: 1 -> character dimensions is part of the type, do we need to store it at runtime? 8 bytes + length of string * size A: No. of character (= 1 byte) size of dimension # of dimensions (0) 1 (1) (2) (3) (4) (integer) V A X E S

6 Sizes of types type string: 1 -> character 4 bytes + length of string * size of character (= 1 byte) size of dimension (0) 1 (1) (2) (3) (4) (integer) V A X E S

7 Sizes of types What is the size of a multidimensional array of type T? sizes of dimensions (S i ): X*4 bytes data: ( i X S i ) * sizeof(t) a(0,0) a(0,1) a(0,2) a(1,0) a(1,1) a(1,2) size of first dimension size of second dimension first row second row

8 Figure 6.16, p 375 T t = array(2,array(3,int)) w = 24 B int T = int w = 4 C t = array(2,array(3,int)) w = 24 C t = array(3,int) w = 12 [2] [3] For the purposes of type checking the number of dimensions is relevant, but the size of each dimension is not. C ε t = int w = 4 Q: if a and b are compatible array types, what are the semantics of a := b?

9 Figure 6.16, p 375 What if type info comes after dimensions? T 9+array(2,arr(3,character)) w = * 1 = 15 [2] C w = 2 * 3 C w = 6 w = 3 B character w = 1 [3] C ε

10 dblocks (6.3.5 and 6.3.6) records (in separate symbol table), sequence of declarations at start of sblock definition > type identifier ':' dblock { st.put(identifier.lexeme, TYPE, dblock.type, dblock.width dblock > '[' { Env.push(st); st = new Env(); Stack.push(offset); offset = 0; declaration-list ']' { dblock.type=record(st); dblock.width=offset; st=env.pop(); offset=stack.pop(); declaration-list > declaration ';' declaration-list declaration-list > declaration declaration > identifier ':' { id-list.type = identifier; < however you store types identifier-list (maybe pointer into st?) identifier-list > identifier ( sbinop constant ) ',' { st.put(identifier.lexeme, VAR, identifier-list.type, offset); offset = offset + identifier-list.type.width; identifier-list identifier-list > identifier ( sbinop constant ) { st.put(identifier.lexeme, VAR, identifier-list.type, offset); offset = offset + identifier-list.type.width; Just suggestions, not to be taken literally

11 dblocks (6.3.5 and 6.3.6) records (in separate symbol table), sequence of declarations at start of sblock definition > type identifier ':' dblock { st.put(identifier.lexeme, TYPE, dblock.type, dblock.width dblock > '[' { Env.push(st); st = new Env(); Stack.push(offset); offset = 0; declaration-list ']' We can specialize due to the structure of our grammar: see next slide! { dblock.type=record(st); dblock.width=offset; st=env.pop(); offset=stack.pop(); declaration-list > declaration ';' declaration-list declaration-list > declaration declaration > identifier ':' { id-list.type = identifier; < however you store types identifier-list (maybe pointer into st?) identifier-list > identifier ( sbinop constant ) ',' { st.put(identifier.lexeme, VAR, identifier-list.type, offset); offset = offset + identifier-list.type.width; identifier-list identifier-list > identifier ( sbinop constant ) { st.put(identifier.lexeme, VAR, identifier-list.type, offset); offset = offset + identifier-list.type.width; Just suggestions, not to be taken literally

12 dblocks (6.3.5 and 6.3.6) records (in separate symbol table), sequence of declarations at start of sblock Since declarations must be gathered together at the start of an sblock, and cannot themselves be directly nested, we can do better: dblock > '[' { Env.push(st); st = new Env(); Stack.push(offset); offset = 0; declaration-list ']' { dblock.type=record(st); dblock.width=offset; st=env.pop(); offset=stack.pop(); offset = 0 offset = 4 { ( integer : x, y ) integer: x integer: x integer: x push onto stack offset = 16 offset = 24 { ( real : x, z ) pop from stack push onto stack integer: y integer: y real: x integer: y Boolean: y character: z { ( Boolean : y ; character : z ) offset = 9 offset = 10 real: z pop from stack

13 dblocks (6.3.5 and 6.3.6) records (in separate symbol table), sequence of declarations at start of sblock Since declarations must be gathered together at the start of an sblock, and cannot themselves be directly nested, we can do better: dblock > '[' { Env.push(st); st = new Env(); Stack.push(offset); offset = 0; declaration-list ']' { dblock.type=record(st); dblock.width=offset; st=env.pop(); offset=stack.pop(); offset = 0 { ( integer : x, y ) { ( real : x, z ) { ( Boolean : y ; character : z ) offset = 4 push onto stack offset = 16 offset = 24 pop from stack push onto stack offset = 9 pop from stack offset = 10 integer: x integer: y AT RUNTIME

14 dblocks (6.3.5 and 6.3.6) records (in separate symbol table), sequence of declarations at start of sblock Since declarations must be gathered together at the start of an sblock, and cannot themselves be directly nested, we can do better: dblock > '[' { Env.push(st); st = new Env(); Stack.push(offset); offset = 0; declaration-list ']' { dblock.type=record(st); dblock.width=offset; st=env.pop(); offset=stack.pop(); offset = 0 { ( integer : x, y ) { ( real : x, z ) { ( Boolean : y ; character : z ) offset = 4 push onto stack offset = 16 offset = 24 pop from stack push onto stack offset = 9 pop from stack offset = 10 integer: x integer: y real: x real: z AT RUNTIME

15 dblocks (6.3.5 and 6.3.6) records (in separate symbol table), sequence of declarations at start of sblock Since declarations must be gathered together at the start of an sblock, and cannot themselves be directly nested, we can do better: dblock > '[' { Env.push(st); st = new Env(); Stack.push(offset); offset = 0; declaration-list ']' { dblock.type=record(st); dblock.width=offset; st=env.pop(); offset=stack.pop(); offset = 0 { ( integer : x, y ) { ( real : x, z ) { ( Boolean : y ; character : z ) offset = 4 push onto stack offset = 16 offset = 24 pop from stack push onto stack offset = 9 pop from stack offset = 10 integer: x integer: y AT RUNTIME

16 dblocks (6.3.5 and 6.3.6) records (in separate symbol table), sequence of declarations at start of sblock Since declarations must be gathered together at the start of an sblock, and cannot themselves be directly nested, we can do better: dblock > '[' { Env.push(st); st = new Env(); Stack.push(offset); offset = 0; declaration-list ']' { dblock.type=record(st); dblock.width=offset; st=env.pop(); offset=stack.pop(); offset = 0 { ( integer : x, y ) { ( real : x, z ) { ( Boolean : y ; character : z ) offset = 4 push onto stack offset = 16 offset = 24 pop from stack push onto stack offset = 9 pop from stack offset = 10 integer: x integer: y Boolean: y character: z AT RUNTIME

17 dblocks (6.3.5 and 6.3.6) records (in separate symbol table), sequence of declarations at start of sblock Since declarations must be gathered together at the start of an sblock, and cannot themselves be directly nested, we can do better: dblock > '[' { Env.push(st); st = new Env(); Stack.push(offset); offset = 0; declaration-list ']' { dblock.type=record(st); dblock.width=offset; st=env.pop(); offset=stack.pop(); offset = 0 { ( integer : x, y ) { ( real : x, z ) { ( Boolean : y ; character : z ) offset = 4 push onto stack offset = 16 offset = 24 pop from stack push onto stack offset = 9 pop from stack offset = 10 integer: x integer: y AT RUNTIME

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