Introduction to the SAS Macro Facility
|
|
- Irma Tabitha Washington
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Introduction to the SAS Macro Facility
2 Uses for SAS Macros The macro language allows for programs that are dynamic capable of selfmodification. The major components of the macro language include: Macro variables Macro statements and functions Special programs using some combination of the above (macros)
3 An Example Here is code that will produce summary statistics on mercury level, elevation, surface area and max depth across lake types. Title 'Summary Statistics'; proc means data=mysas.fish min q1 median q3 max; class lt; var hg elv sa z; run; quit;
4 Example (Cont d) Suppose I want to generate separate tables for each of the variables listed in the var statement (maybe even delivering each to a separate pdf), what do I have to do? The macro facility provides a way to execute the same base code under different conditions.
5 Macro Variables Macro variables are used to store information that will be used to make code dynamic. All macro variables are character (special functions will be required to do numerical operations). Macro variables follow the same naming conventions as other variables; however, they are always preceded by an ampersand (&) when referenced.
6 Revised (yet unsophisticated) Example %let var=hg; Title 'Summary Statistics'; proc means data=mysas.fish min q1 median q3 max; run; class lt; var &var; quit; hg is assigned to the macro variable var (note, no ampersand when defined When the program runs, the value of var is substituted here (ampersand used during reference)
7 Assigning Values to Macro Variables The %let statement can be used to assign values to macro variables %let is macro statement all SAS macro statements (and functions) begin with %. % and & are referred to as macro triggers General form %let macro-variable=value Note: value is not quoted & is not included in variable name when it is defined %let is legal in open code (i.e. outside macros).
8 What is the Macro Facility Doing? The macro language s primary function is as a text substitution facility and/or code generator. To fully understand how macro processing works, we have to look at how SAS processes submitted code.
9 Program Processing and Flow A SAS program can be any combination of: Global statements Data steps and PROC steps Structured Query Language (SQL) SAS Component Language (SCL) SAS macro language All submitted programs, regardless of content, are delivered to the input stack.
10 Compilation and Execution When the code is delivered to the input stack, SAS Reads text in the input stack Routes text to the appropriate compiler Suspends activity when a step boundary is reached. Executes compiled code if there are no errors Repeats as necessary.
11 The Word Scanner--Tokenization The word scanner breaks up the text into units known as tokens. The process (open code): The word scanner passes tokens to the compiler, and the compiler requests tokens until it receives a semicolon. The compiler performs a syntax check on the statement.
12 Tokens There are four types of tokens: Literals: Any quoted string Any text string Any text string Numbers: Strings of digits. May include decimal points and scientific notation E-10 Names: Strings of characters beginning with a letter or underscore libname _n_ mmddyy10. fred Special: Special characters $ ( ). & %
13 The Word Scanner--Tokenization Compiler Word Scanner How many tokens are in the first line of code? Input Stack proc means data=mysas.fish min median max; class lt; var hg; run;
14 Compiler Actually, the word scanner is passing tokens to the compiler at this point Word Scanner proc means data = mysas. fish min median max ; Input Stack run; class lt; var hg;
15 The Word Scanner--Tokenization Compiler proc means data=mysas.fish min median max; When a statement is complete, its syntax is checked and it is compiled Word Scanner class lt ; Input Stack run; var hg;
16 The Word Scanner--Tokenization Compiler For procedures and data steps, once a step boundary is reached, the compiled code is executed proc means data=mysas.fish min median max; class lt; var hg; run; Word Scanner Input Stack
17 Tokenization How does the compiler know when to execute code? In an interactive session, is the run statement necessary? Try submitting the simple program a token at a time (except for proc, which must be submitted with the named procedure).
18 What Does This Mean for Macros? Certain tokens are macro triggers % (followed by any name token) is an indication of a macro statement or function. & (followed by any name token) is a reference to a macro variable. Let s look at the following code
19 Macro Processing Compiler Macro Processor Word Scanner Input Stack %let var=hg; Title 'Summary Statistics'; proc means data=mysas.fish min median max; class lt; var &var; run;
20 Macro Processing Compiler Macro Processor %let Word Scanner %let Input Stack var=hg; Title 'Summary Statistics'; proc means data=mysas.fish min median max; class lt; var &var; run; The % acts as a macro trigger. The % and the following name token are sent to the macro processor.
21 Macro Processing Compiler Macro Processor %let var=hg; Word Scanner var = hg ; Input Stack Title 'Summary Statistics'; proc means data=mysas.fish min median max; class lt; var &var; run; The word scanner will continue to deliver tokens to the macro processor until a semicolon is reached
22 Macro Processing Compiler Macro Processor %let var=hg; Word Scanner Input Stack Symbol Table Variable var Value hg Title 'Summary Statistics'; proc means data=mysas.fish min median max; class lt; var &var; run; The %let statement assigns a value to the macro variable
23 Macro Processing Compiler Title 'Summary Statistics'; proc means data=mysas.fish min median max; class lt; var Macro Processor Word Scanner &var Input Stack Symbol Table Variable var Value hg run; ; Remaining statements up to the var statement are passed to the compiler.
24 Macro Processing Compiler Title 'Summary Statistics'; proc means data=mysas.fish min median max; class lt; var Macro Processor var Word Scanner Input Stack Symbol Table Variable var Value hg run; ; The & sends var to the macro processor
25 Macro Processing Compiler Title 'Summary Statistics'; proc means data=mysas.fish min median max; class lt; var Macro Processor var Word Scanner Input Stack Symbol Table Variable var Value hg hg; run; The macro processor resolves the macro variable reference and places the value on the input stack
26 Macro Processing Compiler Title 'Summary Statistics'; proc means data=mysas.fish min median max; class lt; var hg; run; Macro Processor Word Scanner Input Stack Symbol Table Variable var Value hg The remainder of the code is passed to the compiler and is executed
27 Automatic Macro Variables By default, SAS has several macro variables established on its own. These variables are created at the invocation of the SAS session are global (always available) some have been assigned values by SAS (some are null) values can be re-assigned by users in some cases
28 Some Automatic Macro Variables Name SYSDATE SYSDATE9 SYSDAY SYSTIME SYSVER SYSLAST Value Date of SAS invocation (DATE7.) Date of SAS invocation (DATE9.) Day of the week of SAS invocation Time of SAS invocation Version of SAS being used Name of the most recently created data set. If none have been created, value is _NULL_.
29 Viewing Macro Variables The macro language has its own put statement. Syntax: %put text; Writes a new line to the SAS Log No quotes are required around text Resolves any macro triggers in text Can be used in open code
30 Viewing Automatic Macro Variables The statement: %put _automatic_; Writes names and values of all automatic macro variables to the Log.
31 Issues in Resolving Macro Variables How do each of the following resolve? %let date=march 14, 1998; %let name=john Doe; %let value1=3; %let value2=4; %let sum1=value1+value2; %let sum2=&value1+&value2; Remember, macro variable values are assigned as character strings
32 Issues in Resolving Macro Variables Let s consider a different condition on the employees data set Print out selected information for all employees in a given city. The city value should be passed as a macro variable.
33 Suppose we try this %let city=cary; proc print data=mysas.employees noobs; where upcase(city)=&city; var EmpID HireDate JobCode City Salary; run; What happens?
34 Resolution of Macro Variables Though the value of the macro variable city is stored with the value CARY as text The macro processor passes the value CARY back to the input stack upon resolving &city The token CARY is then passed to the compiler Since it is not quoted, it is interpreted by the compiler as a variable name Since there is no variable in the data set called CARY, an error is generated
35 Resolution of Macro Variables A possible solution is to modify the value of the macro variable: %let city= CARY ; However, this may not be the best solution, especially if one wishes to use the token CARY without the quotes
36 Resolution of Macro Variables Another possible solution %let city=cary; proc print data=mysas.employees noobs; where upcase(city)='&city'; var EmpID HireDate JobCode City Salary; run;????? Nope
37 Resolution of Macro Variables However, this %let city=cary; proc print data=mysas.employees noobs; where upcase(city)= &city ; var EmpID HireDate JobCode City Salary; run; works! Important: Every literal is a token, but single quoted strings are not scanned for macro triggers, double quoted strings are.
Journey to the center of the earth Deep understanding of SAS language processing mechanism Di Chen, SAS Beijing R&D, Beijing, China
Journey to the center of the earth Deep understanding of SAS language processing Di Chen, SAS Beijing R&D, Beijing, China ABSTRACT SAS is a highly flexible and extensible programming language, and a rich
More informationGoing Under the Hood: How Does the Macro Processor Really Work?
Going Under the Hood: How Does the Really Work? ABSTRACT Lisa Lyons, PPD, Inc Hamilton, NJ Did you ever wonder what really goes on behind the scenes of the macro processor, or how it works with other parts
More informationSAS Programming Basics
SAS Programming Basics SAS Programs SAS Programs consist of three major components: Global statements Procedures Data steps SAS Programs Global Statements Procedures Data Step Notes Data steps and procedures
More informationThe data step allows for creation, assembly and modification of SAS data sets.
The data step allows for creation, assembly and modification of SAS data sets. Sources of information include existing SAS data sets, database files, spreadsheets and other raw data files. Like a procedure,
More informationSAS Macro Language 1: Essentials. Course Notes
SAS Macro Language 1: Essentials Course Notes SAS Macro Language 1: Essentials Course Notes was developed by Jim Simon and Linda Mitterling. Additional contributions were made by Davetta Dunlap, John McCall,
More informationDSCI 325: Handout 15 Introduction to SAS Macro Programming Spring 2017
DSCI 325: Handout 15 Introduction to SAS Macro Programming Spring 2017 The Basics of the SAS Macro Facility Macros are used to make SAS code more flexible and efficient. Essentially, the macro facility
More informationSAS Macro. SAS Training Courses. Amadeus Software Ltd
SAS Macro SAS Training Courses By Amadeus Software Ltd AMADEUS SOFTWARE LIMITED SAS TRAINING Amadeus have been delivering SAS Training since 1989 and our aim is to provide you with best quality SAS training
More informationCHAPTER 7 Using Other SAS Software Products
77 CHAPTER 7 Using Other SAS Software Products Introduction 77 Using SAS DATA Step Features in SCL 78 Statements 78 Functions 79 Variables 79 Numeric Variables 79 Character Variables 79 Expressions 80
More informationIntroduction. Getting Started with the Macro Facility CHAPTER 1
1 CHAPTER 1 Introduction Getting Started with the Macro Facility 1 Replacing Text Strings Using Macro Variables 2 Generating SAS Code Using Macros 3 Inserting Comments in Macros 4 Macro Definition Containing
More informationSAS Macro Language: Reference
SAS Macro Language: Reference INTRODUCTION Getting Started with the Macro Facility This is the macro facility language reference for the SAS System. It is a reference for the SAS macro language processor
More informationIntroduction to the SAS System
Introduction to the SAS System The SAS Environment The SAS Environment The SAS Environment has five main windows The SAS Environment The Program Editor The SAS Environment The Log: Notes, Warnings and
More informationSandra Hendren Health Data Institute
INTRODUCTION TO THE MACRO LANGUAGE Sandra Hendren Health Data Institute The purpose of this paper is to explain the macro language at a conceptual level. It will not discuss the syntax of the language
More informationDBLOAD Procedure Reference
131 CHAPTER 10 DBLOAD Procedure Reference Introduction 131 Naming Limits in the DBLOAD Procedure 131 Case Sensitivity in the DBLOAD Procedure 132 DBLOAD Procedure 132 133 PROC DBLOAD Statement Options
More informationGET A GRIP ON MACROS IN JUST 50 MINUTES! Arthur Li, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
GET A GRIP ON MACROS IN JUST 50 MINUTES! Arthur Li, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA ABSTRACT The SAS macro facility, which includes macro variables and macro programs, is the most
More informationGet Started Writing SAS Macros Luisa Hartman, Jane Liao, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.
Get Started Writing SAS Macros Luisa Hartman, Jane Liao, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. ABSTRACT The SAS Macro Facility is a tool which lends flexibility to your SAS code and promotes easier maintenance. It
More informationFormats and the Format Procedure
Formats and the Format Procedure Assigning Formats for Display While labels are used to change how a variable name is displayed, formats are used to change how data values are displayed. Formats are assigned
More informationAcknowledgments xi Preface xiii About the Author xv About This Book xvii New in the Macro Language xxi
Contents Part 1 Acknowledgments xi Preface xiii About the Author xv About This Book xvii New in the Macro Language xxi Macro Basics Chapter 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Macro Facility Overview 3 1.2 Terminology
More information&&&, ;;, and Other Hieroglyphics Advanced Macro Topics Chris Yindra, C. Y. Training Associates
&&&, ;;, and Other Hieroglyphics Advanced Macro Topics Chris Yindra, C. Y. Training Associates INTRODUCTION SAS macros are powerful tools that can create reusable code modules to do a variety of programming
More informationSAS Certification Handout #11: Adv. Prog. Ch. 9-10
SAS Certification Handout #11: Adv. Prog. Ch. 9-10 /************ Ch. 9 ********************/ /* SAS Macros -- like writing your own functions in SAS; especially useful for reproducing analyses or reports
More informationMacro Internals for the User Developer s Overview. Susan O Connor, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC
Macro Internals for the User Developer s Overview Susan O Connor, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC ABSTRACT You have used the macro language software that is part of base software from SAS Institute Inc. or
More informationUnderstanding the Concepts and Features of Macro Programming 1
Contents Preface ix Acknowledgments xi Part 1 Understanding the Concepts and Features of Macro Programming 1 Chapter 1 Introduction 3 What Is the SAS Macro Facility? 4 What Are the Advantages of the SAS
More informationMacros from Beginning to Mend A Simple and Practical Approach to the SAS Macro Facility
Macros from Beginning to Mend A Simple and Practical Approach to the SAS Macro Facility Michael G. Sadof, MGS Associates, Inc., Bethesda, MD. ABSTRACT The macro facility is an important feature of the
More informationRESTRICTING AND SORTING DATA
RESTRICTING AND SORTING DATA http://www.tutorialspoint.com/sql_certificate/restricting_and_sorting_data.htm Copyright tutorialspoint.com The essential capabilities of SELECT statement are Selection, Projection
More informationUsing an ICPSR set-up file to create a SAS dataset
Using an ICPSR set-up file to create a SAS dataset Name library and raw data files. From the Start menu, launch SAS, and in the Editor program, write the codes to create and name a folder in the SAS permanent
More informationAn Animated Guide: An Introduction to SAS Macro Quoting Russ Lavery Bryn Mawr, PA
An Animated Guide: An Introduction to SAS Macro Quoting Russ Lavery Bryn Mawr, PA Figure 1 ABSTRACT This paper builds on a NESUG 2002 paper that described the general functioning of the SAS Macro Processor.
More informationSAS Macro Programming for Beginners
ABSTRACT SAS Macro Programming for Beginners Lora D. Delwiche, Winters, CA Susan J. Slaughter, Avocet Solutions, Davis, CA Macro programming is generally considered an advanced topic. But, while macros
More informationSAS Macro Design Issues Ian Whitlock, Westat
Paper 67-27 SAS Macro Design Issues Ian Whitlock, Westat Abstract Two questions motivated this paper. The first came more than twenty years ago at the end of my first programming course when the professor
More informationSTATION
------------------------------STATION 1------------------------------ 1. Which of the following statements displays all user-defined macro variables in the SAS log? a) %put user=; b) %put user; c) %put
More informationFundamentals of Programming Session 4
Fundamentals of Programming Session 4 Instructor: Reza Entezari-Maleki Email: entezari@ce.sharif.edu 1 Fall 2011 These slides are created using Deitel s slides, ( 1992-2010 by Pearson Education, Inc).
More informationThe Ins and Outs of %IF
Paper 1135-2017 The Ins and Outs of %IF M. Michelle Buchecker, ThotWave Technologies, LLC. ABSTRACT Have you ever had your macro code not work and you couldn't figure out why? Even something as simple
More information/ * %STR(argument) %NRSTR(argument)
Macro Quoting Functions Jerry Mock SAS nstitute nc. Quoting Functions Available in the SAS Macro Language Compile time functions %STR(argument) 6NRSTR (argument) Execution time functions %QUOTE (argument)
More information1 Lexical Considerations
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6.035, Spring 2013 Handout Decaf Language Thursday, Feb 7 The project for the course is to write a compiler
More informationAn Introduction to SAS Macros
An Introduction to SAS Macros Expanded token SAS Program (Input Stack) SAS Wordscanner (Tokenization) Non-Macro (Tokens) SAS Compiler % and & Triggers Macro Facility Steven First, President 2997 Yarmouth
More informationSAS Macro Dynamics - From Simple Basics to Powerful Invocations Rick Andrews, Office of the Actuary, CMS, Baltimore, MD
Paper BB-7 SAS Macro Dynamics - From Simple Basics to Powerful Invocations Rick Andrews, Office of the Actuary, CMS, Baltimore, MD ABSTRACT The SAS Macro Facility offers a mechanism for expanding and customizing
More informationMore About SAS Macros
More About SAS Macros (Than You Thought Possible) Donald P. Gallogly DCBS IMD Topics The SAS Macros System Macro Variables Writing Macros The SAS Macros System The SAS Macros System SAS macros and macro
More informationSAS Display Manager Windows. For Windows
SAS Display Manager Windows For Windows Computers with SAS software SSCC Windows Terminal Servers (Winstat) Linux Servers (linstat) Lab computers DoIT Info Labs (as of June 2014) In all Labs with Windows
More informationwork.test temp.test sasuser.test test
DSCI 325 Midterm Practice Test Spring 2017 Name: 1. Consider the following four names used to create a SAS data set: work.test temp.test sasuser.test test How many of these will be stored as permanent
More informationMacro Basics. Introduction. Defining and Using Macro Variables. Defining and Using Macros. Macro Parameters. Part 1. Chapter 1. Chapter 2.
Part 1 Macro Basics Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Introduction Defining and Using Macro Variables Defining and Using Macros Macro Parameters 2 Carpenter s Complete Guide to the SAS Macro Language
More informationFSEDIT Procedure Windows
25 CHAPTER 4 FSEDIT Procedure Windows Overview 26 Viewing and Editing Observations 26 How the Control Level Affects Editing 27 Scrolling 28 Adding Observations 28 Entering and Editing Variable Values 28
More informationLexical Considerations
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6.035, Fall 2005 Handout 6 Decaf Language Wednesday, September 7 The project for the course is to write a
More informationAn Introduction to SAS Macros Steven First, Systems Seminar Consultants, Madison, WI
Paper 153-26 An Introduction to SAS Macros Steven First, Systems Seminar Consultants, Madison, WI Abstract The SAS programming language has a rich tool-box of features that can offer a lot of power to
More informationEDIABAS BEST/2 LANGUAGE DESCRIPTION. VERSION 6b. Electronic Diagnostic Basic System EDIABAS - BEST/2 LANGUAGE DESCRIPTION
EDIABAS Electronic Diagnostic Basic System BEST/2 LANGUAGE DESCRIPTION VERSION 6b Copyright BMW AG, created by Softing AG BEST2SPC.DOC CONTENTS CONTENTS...2 1. INTRODUCTION TO BEST/2...5 2. TEXT CONVENTIONS...6
More information10 The First Steps 4 Chapter 2
9 CHAPTER 2 Examples The First Steps 10 Invoking the Query Window 11 Changing Your Profile 11 ing a Table 13 ing Columns 14 Alias Names and Labels 14 Column Format 16 Creating a WHERE Expression 17 Available
More informationflex is not a bad tool to use for doing modest text transformations and for programs that collect statistics on input.
flex is not a bad tool to use for doing modest text transformations and for programs that collect statistics on input. More often than not, though, you ll want to use flex to generate a scanner that divides
More informationSAS Macro Dynamics: from Simple Basics to Powerful Invocations Rick Andrews, Office of Research, Development, and Information, Baltimore, MD
ABSTRACT CODERS CORNER SAS Macro Dynamics: from Simple Basics to Powerful Invocations Rick Andrews, Office of Research, Development, and Information, Baltimore, MD The SAS Macro Facility offers a mechanism
More informationLexical Considerations
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6.035, Spring 2010 Handout Decaf Language Tuesday, Feb 2 The project for the course is to write a compiler
More informationChapter 1 The DATA Step
Chapter 1 The DATA Step 1.1 Structure of SAS Programs...1-3 1.2 SAS Data Sets... 1-12 1.3 Creating a Permanent SAS Data Set... 1-18 1.4 Writing a SAS DATA Step... 1-24 1.5 Creating a DATA Step View...
More informationSAS Online Training: Course contents: Agenda:
SAS Online Training: Course contents: Agenda: (1) Base SAS (6) Clinical SAS Online Training with Real time Projects (2) Advance SAS (7) Financial SAS Training Real time Projects (3) SQL (8) CV preparation
More informationMore with SQL Queries. Advanced SAS Programming
More with SQL Queries Advanced SAS Programming Some PROC SQL Options Options available in the PROC SQL statement FEEDBACK(NOFEEDBACK): provides more detailed information in the SAS log. FLOW(noflow):
More informationSurviving the SAS Macro Jungle by Using Your Own Programming Toolkit Kevin Russell, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina
PharmaSUG 2016 Paper BB11 Surviving the SAS Macro Jungle by Using Your Own Programming Toolkit Kevin Russell, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina ABSTRACT Almost every night there is a reality show
More informationCROSSREF Manual. Tools and Utilities Library
Tools and Utilities Library CROSSREF Manual Abstract This manual describes the CROSSREF cross-referencing utility, including how to use it with C, COBOL 74, COBOL85, EXTENDED BASIC, FORTRAN, Pascal, SCREEN
More informationFoundations and Fundamentals. SAS System Options: The True Heroes of Macro Debugging Kevin Russell and Russ Tyndall, SAS Institute Inc.
SAS System Options: The True Heroes of Macro Debugging Kevin Russell and Russ Tyndall, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC ABSTRACT It is not uncommon for the first draft of any macro application to contain errors.
More informationNew Macro Features Added in SAS 9.3 and SAS 9.4
SAS1575-2015 New Macro Features Added in SAS 9.3 and SAS 9.4 Richard D. Langston, SAS Institute Inc. ABSTRACT This paper describes the new features added to the macro facility in SAS 9.3 and SAS 9.4. New
More informationA SAS Macro for Producing Benchmarks for Interpreting School Effect Sizes
A SAS Macro for Producing Benchmarks for Interpreting School Effect Sizes Brian E. Lawton Curriculum Research & Development Group University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu, HI December 2012 Copyright 2012
More informationThe DATA Statement: Efficiency Techniques
The DATA Statement: Efficiency Techniques S. David Riba, JADE Tech, Inc., Clearwater, FL ABSTRACT One of those SAS statements that everyone learns in the first day of class, the DATA statement rarely gets
More informationUtilizing Best Practices Macro made easy
Utilizing Best Practices Macro made easy Laki Kourakis Manager, Education Services Ottawa Canada Laki.Kourakis@sas.com What Are Best Practices Best practices reduce usage of five critical resources to
More informationchapter 2 G ETTING I NFORMATION FROM A TABLE
chapter 2 Chapter G ETTING I NFORMATION FROM A TABLE This chapter explains the basic technique for getting the information you want from a table when you do not want to make any changes to the data and
More informationProgramming for Engineers Introduction to C
Programming for Engineers Introduction to C ICEN 200 Spring 2018 Prof. Dola Saha 1 Simple Program 2 Comments // Fig. 2.1: fig02_01.c // A first program in C begin with //, indicating that these two lines
More informationProcedure for Stamping Source File Information on SAS Output Elizabeth Molloy & Breda O'Connor, ICON Clinical Research
Procedure for Stamping Source File Information on SAS Output Elizabeth Molloy & Breda O'Connor, ICON Clinical Research ABSTRACT In the course of producing a report for a clinical trial numerous drafts
More informationReading and Writing Data from Microsoft Excel/Word Using DDE
Reading and Writing Data from Microsoft Excel/Word Using DDE The DDE Triplet is then incorporated into a Filename statement of the following form: FILENAME fileref DDE 'DDE-Triplet' 'CLIPBOARD' ;
More informationWhy & How To Use SAS Macro Language: Easy Ways To Get More Value & Power from Your SAS Software Tools
Why & How To Use SAS Macro Language: Easy Ways To Get More Value & Power from Your SAS Software Tools LeRoy Bessler PhD Bessler Consulting and Research Strong Smart Systems Mequon, WI, USA Le_Roy_Bessler@wi.rr.com
More informationUnit 4. Scalar Functions and Arithmetic
Unit 4. Scalar Functions and Arithmetic What This Unit Is About Scalar functions can be used to manipulate column or expression values. This unit will discuss the format and syntax of basic scalar functions.
More informationNo, it's not magic: De-mystifying the SAS Macro Facility Jay A. Jaffe, PhD
No, it's not magic: De-mystifying the SAS Macro Facility Jay A. Jaffe, PhD ABSTRACT To get the most out of SAS macros and macro variables, you must know how the Macro environment interacts with the SAS
More informationSAS/FSP 9.2. Procedures Guide
SAS/FSP 9.2 Procedures Guide The correct bibliographic citation for this manual is as follows: SAS Institute Inc. 2008. SAS/FSP 9.2 Procedures Guide. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc. SAS/FSP 9.2 Procedures
More informationAdvanced Macro Topics Steven First, Systems Seminar Consultants, Madison, WI
Paper 19-26 Advanced Macro Topics Steven First, Systems Seminar Consultants, Madison, WI Abstract The SAS macro language continues to be an integral part of the SAS system, and can be a wonderful tool
More informationChapter 2 Working with Data Types and Operators
JavaScript, Fourth Edition 2-1 Chapter 2 Working with Data Types and Operators At a Glance Instructor s Manual Table of Contents Overview Objectives Teaching Tips Quick Quizzes Class Discussion Topics
More informationHOW TO DEVELOP A SAS/AF APPLICATION
PS001 Creating Effective Graphical User Interfaces Using Version 8 SAS/AF Anders Longthorne, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, DC ABSTRACT Improving access to an organization
More informationBasic Macro Processing Prepared by Destiny Corporation
Basic Macro Processing Prepared by Destiny Corporation Macro variables In this module we discuss the first of the two special characters - the ampersand (&). When the SAS Supervisor sees an ampersand followed
More informationABSTRACT MORE THAN SYNTAX ORGANIZE YOUR WORK THE SAS ENTERPRISE GUIDE PROJECT. Paper 50-30
Paper 50-30 The New World of SAS : Programming with SAS Enterprise Guide Chris Hemedinger, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC Stephen McDaniel, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC ABSTRACT SAS Enterprise Guide (with
More informationLecture 1 Getting Started with SAS
SAS for Data Management, Analysis, and Reporting Lecture 1 Getting Started with SAS Portions reproduced with permission of SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA Goals of the course To provide skills required
More informationComputer Organization and Assembly Language. Lab Session 3
Lab Session 3 Objective: To be familiar with Basic Elements of Assembly Language Understanding Constants, Identifiers, Directives and Instructions. Theory: Integer Constants An integer constant (or integer
More informationDatabase Programming - Section 18. Instructor Guide
Database Programming - Section 18 Instructor Guide Table of Contents...1 Lesson 1 - Certification Exam Preparation...1 What Will I Learn?...2 Why Learn It?...3 Tell Me / Show Me...4 Try It / Solve It...5
More informationDatatypes, Variables, and Operations
Datatypes, Variables, and Operations 1 Primitive Type Classification 2 Numerical Data Types Name Range Storage Size byte 2 7 to 2 7 1 (-128 to 127) 8-bit signed short 2 15 to 2 15 1 (-32768 to 32767) 16-bit
More informationSymbol Table Generator (New and Improved) Jim Johnson, JKL Consulting, North Wales, PA
PharmaSUG2011 - Paper AD19 Symbol Table Generator (New and Improved) Jim Johnson, JKL Consulting, North Wales, PA ABSTRACT In Seattle at the PharmaSUG 2000 meeting the Symbol Table Generator was first
More informationLecture Outline. COMP-421 Compiler Design. What is Lex? Lex Specification. ! Lexical Analyzer Lex. ! Lex Examples. Presented by Dr Ioanna Dionysiou
Lecture Outline COMP-421 Compiler Design! Lexical Analyzer Lex! Lex Examples Presented by Dr Ioanna Dionysiou Figures and part of the lecture notes taken from A compact guide to lex&yacc, epaperpress.com
More informationBasic Concept Review
Basic Concept Review Quiz Using the Programming Workspace Referencing Files and Setting Options Editing and Debugging SAS Programs End of Review SAS Format Format Formats are variable
More informationCSCI 2132 Software Development. Lecture 8: Introduction to C
CSCI 2132 Software Development Lecture 8: Introduction to C Instructor: Vlado Keselj Faculty of Computer Science Dalhousie University 21-Sep-2018 (8) CSCI 2132 1 Previous Lecture Filename substitution
More informationCMPS 12A Introduction to Programming Lab Assignment 7
CMPS 12A Introduction to Programming Lab Assignment 7 In this assignment you will write a bash script that interacts with the user and does some simple calculations, emulating the functionality of programming
More informationDATA Step Debugger APPENDIX 3
1193 APPENDIX 3 DATA Step Debugger Introduction 1194 Definition: What is Debugging? 1194 Definition: The DATA Step Debugger 1194 Basic Usage 1195 How a Debugger Session Works 1195 Using the Windows 1195
More informationINTRODUCTION TO SAS HOW SAS WORKS READING RAW DATA INTO SAS
TO SAS NEED FOR SAS WHO USES SAS WHAT IS SAS? OVERVIEW OF BASE SAS SOFTWARE DATA MANAGEMENT FACILITY STRUCTURE OF SAS DATASET SAS PROGRAM PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE ELEMENTS OF THE SAS LANGUAGE RULES FOR SAS
More informationAn Introduction to SAS/FSP Software Terry Fain, RAND, Santa Monica, California Cyndie Gareleck, RAND, Santa Monica, California
An Introduction to SAS/FSP Software Terry Fain, RAND, Santa Monica, California Cyndie Gareleck, RAND, Santa Monica, California ABSTRACT SAS/FSP is a set of procedures used to perform full-screen interactive
More informationC++ character set Letters:- A-Z, a-z Digits:- 0 to 9 Special Symbols:- space + - / ( ) [ ] =! = < >, $ # ; :? & White Spaces:- Blank Space, Horizontal
TOKENS C++ character set Letters:- A-Z, a-z Digits:- 0 to 9 Special Symbols:- space + - / ( ) [ ] =! = < >, $ # ; :? & White Spaces:- Blank Space, Horizontal Tab, Vertical tab, Carriage Return. Other Characters:-
More informationAbout the Tutorial. Audience. Prerequisites. Copyright & Disclaimer. Compiler Design
i About the Tutorial A compiler translates the codes written in one language to some other language without changing the meaning of the program. It is also expected that a compiler should make the target
More informationBASICS BEFORE STARTING SAS DATAWAREHOSING Concepts What is ETL ETL Concepts What is OLAP SAS. What is SAS History of SAS Modules available SAS
SAS COURSE CONTENT Course Duration - 40hrs BASICS BEFORE STARTING SAS DATAWAREHOSING Concepts What is ETL ETL Concepts What is OLAP SAS What is SAS History of SAS Modules available SAS GETTING STARTED
More informationExpr Language Reference
Expr Language Reference Expr language defines expressions, which are evaluated in the context of an item in some structure. This article describes the syntax of the language and the rules that govern the
More informationACCESS Procedure Reference
59 CHAPTER 5 ACCESS Procedure Reference Introduction 59 Case Sensitivity in the ACCESS Procedure 60 ACCESS Procedure 60 Description 61 PROC ACCESS Statement Options 62 Options 62 SAS System Passwords for
More informationMacro Quoting: Which Function Should We Use? Pengfei Guo, MSD R&D (China) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
PharmaSUG China 2016 - Paper 81 Macro Quoting: Which Function Should We Use? Pengfei Guo, MSD R&D (China) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China ABSTRACT There are several macro quoting functions in SAS and even some
More informationSAS Data Libraries. Definition CHAPTER 26
385 CHAPTER 26 SAS Data Libraries Definition 385 Library Engines 387 Library Names 388 Physical Names and Logical Names (Librefs) 388 Assigning Librefs 388 Associating and Clearing Logical Names (Librefs)
More informationTables From Existing Tables
Creating Tables From Existing Tables After completing this module, you will be able to: Create a clone of an existing table. Create a new table from many tables using a SQL SELECT. Define your own table
More informationTypescript on LLVM Language Reference Manual
Typescript on LLVM Language Reference Manual Ratheet Pandya UNI: rp2707 COMS 4115 H01 (CVN) 1. Introduction 2. Lexical Conventions 2.1 Tokens 2.2 Comments 2.3 Identifiers 2.4 Reserved Keywords 2.5 String
More informationA Tutorial on the SAS Macro Language
HW152 SESUG 2015 A Tutorial on the SAS Macro Language John J. Cohen, Advanced Data Concepts LLC, Newark, DE ABSTRACT The SAS Macro language is another language that rests on top of regular SAS code. If
More informationOverview. - General Data Types - Categories of Words. - Define Before Use. - The Three S s. - End of Statement - My First Program
Overview - General Data Types - Categories of Words - The Three S s - Define Before Use - End of Statement - My First Program a description of data, defining a set of valid values and operations List of
More informationLecture 05 I/O statements Printf, Scanf Simple statements, Compound statements
Programming, Data Structures and Algorithms Prof. Shankar Balachandran Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Lecture 05 I/O statements Printf, Scanf Simple
More informationChapter 2 Elementary Programming
Chapter 2 Elementary Programming Part I 1 Motivations In the preceding chapter, you learned how to create, compile, and run a Java program. Starting from this chapter, you will learn how to solve practical
More informationBASIC ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER PROGRAM
BASIC ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER PROGRAM CSC128 FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER PROBLEM SOLVING LOGO Contents 1 Identifier 2 3 Rules for naming and declaring data variables Basic data types 4 Arithmetic operators
More informationFundamentals of Programming. Lecture 3: Introduction to C Programming
Fundamentals of Programming Lecture 3: Introduction to C Programming Instructor: Fatemeh Zamani f_zamani@ce.sharif.edu Sharif University of Technology Computer Engineering Department Outline A Simple C
More informationWeb Application Development (WAD) V th Sem BBAITM(Unit-1) By: Binit Patel
Web Application Development (WAD) V th Sem BBAITM(Unit-1) By: Binit Patel Introduction: PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) was invented by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994. First it was known as Personal Home Page. Later
More informationPrimitive Types. Four integer types: Two floating-point types: One character type: One boolean type: byte short int (most common) long
Primitive Types Four integer types: byte short int (most common) long Two floating-point types: float double (most common) One character type: char One boolean type: boolean 1 2 Primitive Types, cont.
More informationChapter 7 File Access. Chapter Table of Contents
Chapter 7 File Access Chapter Table of Contents OVERVIEW...105 REFERRING TO AN EXTERNAL FILE...105 TypesofExternalFiles...106 READING FROM AN EXTERNAL FILE...107 UsingtheINFILEStatement...107 UsingtheINPUTStatement...108
More informationCreating SQL Tables and using Data Types
Creating SQL Tables and using Data Types Aims: To learn how to create tables in Oracle SQL, and how to use Oracle SQL data types in the creation of these tables. Outline of Session: Given a simple database
More information