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4 91 *A B1 C&D * E A #* F &!: 7.$ && B/ '6# & < &/ 11 & ? :E&' wg!# Mg) < =6 M/ $#!# 7? & '6# & '! = 7? & & 9# 7bU =!! #! M $4 '6# & =&8 *,( C <7^4 pp #!! p( M & $ <7^4 =6 M/ $#!# MI 'SR? ' 9P & 9# & 9P >%O -A # E/.... $ -"2.1 <!Y5 & =! 7' < <7U E $ <# &! +# 'P '6# &. ' 3 =E&& = * ':A =! 7' 7!^#& d!2 & 'Y#7 =! & < & 7 <8 <7U 9# pp '6# & =&8 *#g& ' & d!2 ') #' aa; ^1P7 =!U < vb8 < <# =& pn7 aa; sg '#!8 ^& <! 9#.&! E/!3 '6# & &8 (138 :1389 < <?.( '7& ('?./ =&A( ',() $?% 4 '#ES &8 5 2 B < pp &... =& 17 XN7 $#( p&! < $/ < =7 $?./ < 7 & *t6 & =B $38 <# &!C &' * '6# & &! =!u =& X +# aa; & 7' '6# & E'UF# 9# &8 9#!5.&!U'. <& '#!r <# pp pp < $7 9} R ('#!8 ^&) b^77? <O5#!^#& *%& $r pp <O5# =! 9#.#! <2! * =E$%} >#ƒ 3( 7 7? 46 & >% 5 MB/ 5 U #8 ; &/ < $ & 5 1 E/! <2! * =E$%} >#ƒ 3( <& =6 M/ $#!#.(223 E) 5 =!u '6# & +# # #G p& =! «=6 M/ $#!# 7? '6# =!8 M # 7?» & 1392/8/14. # B.1 ŒP6 pg a#!2 =& 17 XN7 $#( p&! < $/ < =7 < <?.( '7& ('?./ =&A( ',() $?% 5.' 5 $. 9S 'BBP <

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6 93 *A B1 C&D * E A #* F & ',B; & < & $38 pg ',B; <! * &S%-C -A #! # '#!8 ^& & 9# e! &.(135 E) «. 5E/ &/! =!N7 '#51 <4! pp & < # 7 91 '6# pp =! $ E ', pp <O5# E& py7 # = <4 pp && =N7 <4 & &' '# & R4 E&'!? '#!5 & &!O, ( 'E!U # ' <4 7 #!U & <8 # pp!/ &.&!U'!? '# 5E & 5 &!O, ( < # 9 : & pp < $ 9O &67! & <C! * pg =E&7 pp '6# & e! &.(Hill, 2009 :p.4) & && < / '6# & #G e: 9#.&' < U '7 $r $G +# < $? M =! '6# ' :$&'!A < & 7 15 =6 'P 7? 17 & +#!B1 &I ' Q7. '7 $r =E$G < 55 ' '2 '6# & < =&!C $? vb7».$ #!B1 9# & $? $ $? =& '6# & * & 4 o«$ pp =! '6# &.$ e5 $? =E$G =! ' pp!^#& d!2 & 47 '#!8 ^& &' 7!B1 9#!U ' <Y7 &.'7 G pp <7 $ ' :1370 ;%) & ^ '7 $r $G +# < $? 2 < '6# pp < o$ '# $ E =& & < & w# '6# & e! & $! q *?.(134 M5 '6# pp 'SR? ' # '6# pp XO % M & <!4. E/ $/&!G < <1; $/ '^67 $/ "<H $ =E'#7 XE & & < & <1S # =2 '6# & M $IU # $P7 $17 $%& pp +# $ pg < '#E'#7 =!+# XE & pp.(director of Human Resources, 2010: p. 2 ) && = < & <2! * < & & 9#.$ MI >,P Q8 & <2! 97? < <8 '6# & M.(Hegan, $ && 5%!# & f &7 < %! 57 Q8 '/! & i =!) MI 7' 7 ', < e7 < <8 & M 2006: p. 38) =!u <E 18 & '#' s,g!c $ +# '6# & 2 < 'S8

7 4$* /' '( - ( ) 94 (DOHR 1, $!A +# E6 = & '6# & g',( o( : p. 16) $/ M ('P =<5 & 7? 9%) 1301 =6 'P 7? & 2 < '6# =& M 1345 =6 pp 7? < '% &. & +# '6# -' '#!8 ^& 7? 9# a12.& & 7 9S & f!i *? *? & '5S#!i M 9# o5!a f '6# & M $7 '7 3 <, =! O# 2 < & 9# M =6 M/ $#!# 7? &. & # M 9# <1%.$ 9S < 5# 7' ' pp < & #! < $ O.$ # *?!^#& & =! ( E/ && `: ~S < 'R#! $;) QC5 $ '#!8 ^& QC5 9C!U!N7 & '6# & 2 f#c $,( < #&!U!A 4 ' 7? 22 * & < = ', $5 'GX64 pp sg pp &17 # & M &!# o(210 :1390 '1() $!% pp < $ '3#.&' % 'P XO & $#: 67,8 & p.' 7!N7 < v,r 'S: 954 5' ' R% '% '7!N7 $S: 9# M $ '7g2 =6 M/ $#!# 7? & '6# & M 9# 'C E&!? =& & '6# pp '^7^4 7 & <O5# =! +# < '6# & M < $!3 pp $? d. =!U,8 =! $38 9#.$ M & < & 7 <8 # <O7 9# < +%bs o&& fe ( +# '5S#) M 9#! &! 'G pp =E'#7 < ' 7 +#! '5S# '6# & M &.517 & pg $. 7' pp < =&!C $ 9O <Y7 & < * *( < <8 # -A < 2 E $!3 <7U9# '!N7 < =EM3 ŒBP `R E$%} >#ƒ 'UkG $ E!N7 '#ES K! 1. Department of Human Resources State of Tennessee..=6 'P 7? 5 &.2.=6 pp 7? 18 &.3 «.5 #Y 7? < =& &!^ $ B Š!S P-j* 9O -A 8 $i».4

8 95 *A B1 C&D * E A #* F =E& M.B; k E '#ES K! < *t *( 95k E 1 * 2 K! 7 '6# & 2 &' 9S <!Y $/ M5 EM3 ' +#!B1 < <8 < '7P '5S# o MI 9S *t * *( & <! '7 < $17 7&!? '%( ', <1! & =6 M/ $#!# 7? 65 & 9# 3. 5# 7 =!u =!'7g2 '6# & 7!U'!? <#G # <1 <C!#bG & < ', $E e7 (*t *() 7& < 'R#! < <8 P!? = p( # = $S: & 7 '6# & 2 & (* *() 7 4 =6 M/ &! $#!# 7? 89 & e: 'P $%( M 9# &.7!U'.$C# E/ aa; "<H $ 'R 5+I:; 3dW.3 =!u p^5e '5S# $ 'SR? ' pp XO & '6# ' & pp pp 3( < < $ 'I%O < E py7 < >,O '6# pp '6# & $ &/! * '## -A p 95k E.$ 57 E ˆ* ˆ*t 'SR? ' $# A7 $% & 57' P <7U9#!^#& d!2.(376 :1391 & ') ('6# ' :$/&!G XE/ & 9# '! l; <!# &.7!U!? $/ < 'U& pp <, 8 ) pp -A $ '##!# E&S%-C <#G -A X( < =6 M/ "l.3-1 $#!# 7? ar &' =&!t =& -A * fp &.$!A (80 64 &) b 7? 10 *BC K! ', : <.=6 M/ $#!# 7? 65 &.1.=6 M/ $#!# 7? 66 &.2!U M3 ŒBP `R K! '6# & M 7? 9# & $ &I 7? & 9#.3 < M 9#!E!U =! +# & 9# M!E < 7 &!U =! <! 9# < $ MI.( 7? 11 &) $ & 7 9S '#!8 =E^& & &/! O# -A pg #! 9& M &...'#!8 =3E^& 5.4!N7 7? 9# & b & & &/ 5 -A 'P $%( <2! M!A 9# $#( 5I,O.5E&!?

9 4$* /' '( - ( ) 96 >#ƒ 'UkG $ E) * a *( <8 $r -A pp -A EM3 '6# =E& M.B;) *t a (EM3 ŒBP `R E$%} 'P =!Ui# <, 8 E&S%-C 95k E.&' 5!3 (<!Y $/ M5 =( =5<,0( $#!# F# &!O, ( '7& E v = <C# <S! a25.5 ' &I 7? & y5 =E'/&!G!# 'B/!) E'B/! e7 <, 8 =&!t -A '6# ' P '#? $# a ('8.S 'B/! ',B; 'B/! -A 'B/! '?A;.7!'!3 $!A=6 M/ $#!# 7? & <!^#& -A!# =! '6# & =&8 <I,C d./ -A 'B/! =R( < $& <8 # E'B/! <7 9# 32& 9#.$ '6# pp '5C &!O, ( '?./ '# a12 9#!5.$ '6# & p/ < d? -A 'B/! &I <&!A & < '6# 9P < -A 'B/! =R( b <7 9# 32 &!B1 'B/! &I < 7 &/ e1 <) ŒP6 < <0 '6# $/ 2!#bGO *BC 9# M!A!# $#( '% &!i 5 <& -A $,(! q -A 'B/! &I <7:A # pp M 9# &.' # <7P.# 7 e1 '%& <) # <7P < &/ & s0 M 'B/! XO $AC M & qp 9# & pg X B '%& <) <79# 9# 32 & 4 5 e: P & &.&! E/ & -A &I.& E/ '% -A 'B/! $AC! S +G # < = <k754 <& =! `% % 37 XO < '6# 9P <& & # # '^67 67 &I '?A; 'B/! -A 767 </5 $/ =& 'U M E <bu & 9O% o(187 :1383 & ') &&!U $/&!G.$ <&! 'I%P A( &! ' 'U 'P M#O < < 6 'P '^67 =!UsG =! '6# pp +# $#O < wg & M E 9# 9#.$ '5fG 'IS 9P =! AC '^67 < <&!# o&17!g M E g '% $ &! & <7& &!t $#O

10 97 *A B1 C&D * E A #* F & $/&!G = < # $ pp a $&! pp -A '^67.(137 :1370 ;%) < 'U 5E &/! '#!8 ^& <,( $#O a '6# 9P 95k E =& $%( #& $. & '6# 9P M#O <, 8 'P M#O : $ M1( $#O 9#! o$. 'P M!A 97?!# & *SC! # *SC.>% XE!C pp ('%!t '%) -A Q! 8 & *SC! # *SC.v.(42 41 :1389 '#?) & X,M!.3-2 f # < $ `:!G $ 'I%O =& '6# & & '6# ' pp & % $S: <!4 o 3S >%O 9# py7 < 'SR? ' pp +# +# >%O 8 =4 >%O 9#.(135 :1370 ;%) &&!? '/! $S: +# & Q5 ($? p 'BP! M <) :<, 8 o$7 'SR? ' pp I =18 $? M!A 97? $#(! $(2 '%& '7 '77? 57 E 7 O! =!BA R/ '6# 9P <!? < ; AS & =& MI,P < 'U "<H$ 3+F. M E ' &.... =&! & %H 'SR? ' 9P. $C!U 5E/ 3" c':/.3-3 p( '#!8 =E^&!# < 5 A7» :'6# & '#!8 <7 9# 3 &!! '#!8 ^& < & &! =!u 9 &.«$ Q7. '6# & '2 & '6# ' pp < $# < ' M 'A 7!U A7 '#!8 ^& & & *A5=6 M/ $#!# 7? 6 && A7 $ y/ 7? 9# $% < 'E^& <!U & 7 E/ =!u & =#8 & '6# pp $ 9O ^&! X 'P M!A a12 & &

11 4$* /' '( - ( ) 98 $ & 7 '2 5E& A7 ^& & < =& 5 t ^& < A7 w#.&&!^7 <1; AC '5fG=6 M/ $#!# 7? & < '6# & &' =&# t '#!8 =E & 7? 9 E M!A a12 6/ < $ '7P ŒP 'SR? ' (5() $% & 7 =!u '6# & < '7P * 55 ' +# & $/ E sg 'SR? ' pp $ 9O!# o$7 7&! G < 5 =! Y7 & & *A5!^#& '#!8 & = =! '#!8 7!U A7 '#!8 $% 9# &.&!U!? (' Q? &) '6# $% & #8.(137 E) 5 & y!/ XO = &!O, ( $#: p( M & 7' 7 & ('6# <, 8 ) ' 5 =6 M/ $#!# 7? 122 & a12 :5#' & $/ & < *#q Mg o =q '#!8 ^&.;7.1 o5 '7 $G db.2 o-a 'B/! # $# p S '7 $G &17.3 # =& MI,P < 'U M E & b Q8! X B K! < ' $/ < & # a,s $/ '#? Q8! b P < M 9# & < & E/ +#!i $/ < & M $/ < & M & #17 < '!N7 < o E/ $/&!G $r -A & =51 de 4 & <1; '6# & 8 M 9# '6# pp O ŠS & &!U'!? '# & pp '?./ '5C &!O, ( & < '6# $,? 9P 9# < $17=6 M/ $#!# 7? 122 & k E.$ < & =& MI,P < 'U M E = MY < 'I,P!# o&7 '#!8.$& E/ 'G & '#!8 ^& = 7 'P XO % ~SR? $/ "<H $ &".4!C!& < p!e) =37 & # t <% < = =37 & '6# & M p $ 1392 #!3 28 < t < =5 i =!.' #G < (

12 99 *A B1 C&D * E A #* F 27 & & # M & 1395 #!3 27= #G & '6# & $/.& E/ 1397#!3 7? 46 & & < 'R#!! '6# pp $ 9O & 9# #G & # # Q: *#1 'SR? ' pp < $ `#!B =6 M/ $#!#!# &.&&!^7! = 'SR? ' pp < Q: *#1 =! pg #! <O5# '! 'SR? ' < '6# ' $% pp $S: *#1 =! pg #! $#: p( M & '6# pp &/! '^7^4 <& & su. E/ # 9 : & (=6 M/ $#!# 7? 46 & & y5 #!! p() = &!O, ( &H. 5<2h"*. E/ <C!U!? l; & '6# & #G dt7 ( 5+I:(. 3dW-"+K! #! # 'SR? ' $38 5# 7' =!u <% < '6# & <.4-1 '7 9#.5# 7! =6 M/ $#!# 7? 46 & y v >% =E5 & y5 $#( p&! < $/ < =7 < <?.( '7& $. 9S 'BBP < =<7 9# < & 7 >ƒ =<,8 & N5 ( 9#.7! : 51( #! 7EFc: c ) 37, <&R ' ŒP6 pg =6 M/!# M E $?% &! * 5 2 a#!2 =& 17 XN7 $#!# 7? #B < <3 46.' 46 5 & 3 &!B1 '#!8. #B < '6# & '#!8 <79# $%& M E 88/10/13 46 & >% 5 e: =E$. ŒP6 N5 < <79# +# & ar «' 5 =E$. 9S 'BBP!U» =6 M/ $#!# 7? :&' *O6 '#!8 ^& & *#q!

13 4$* /' '( - ( ) 100 ^& Q5 <S }.v o(s0) <6 9#5( # '#!8 ^& $r S.>% o'#!8 ^& ' }.& o5 $/ *; }.y o(!&) '#!8.'#!8 ^& pa 9#!g 'C!S =!U7 fy5 ŒBP!I7 +#.E =E$. ŒP6 9C!U!? '! & '^7^4 & b <79# 54!E < =&!C '6# & 2 & < $ <7U 9# S o$ $ 5 XN5 7 1 & &/ =EU & 7 MN7 pp!!ƒ7!u! 5( 9# 5# 7'? EU & &!C $C!6G p( # $C!6G!ƒ7 9#.5# 7'.7!U'!? pp < <& # y!/ & =!UX B =51 EU < # < =6 M/ $#!# 7? 46 & >% 5 < Q8 X3 <O7 p&! < $/ < $?./ '7& E$?% E$. 9& <O5# &.$ pg <IU < 2 E <# =& pn7 +# aa; =! X3 9# = <!4 o'!n7 < 9O!t 9( & & 9# '! $IU #!E.$ 67 <0 =S 7 b^77? d!2 5E '# fy5 *?!t MI!i *? Y5 ',B; < <8 'EU ŒBP ' 54 <4 & 5 < &' Y5 '#51 <4! $?%!i *? o& 7 ŒP6 # '. =S <4 &!C &S -./ $ &&! =& <4 & 1A =& =7 M '/! '5S# 7ŠS * ( & '?./ MI = & '# <Iƒ py7 $3 $(Y M!^#& '/! 55 ' =&/ a && # ' < $ '?./ S p $#% =& 954 &.&&' & p &!u $IU # $#37 & X &S! E =!G # $!3 = X! E &S pg =ES <0 ' E # &!C!E < 5 $. '# ŒP6 / ') $& E/ 'G & 7 / 9# '% &I b^77? = &7.( :1383 &

14 101 *A B1 C&D * E A #* F 7 && 5<2<: g;9 # =C =E&7 = =E& 7bU p, *t6 & # E& -'#7 '/! & 9# & # *<H $ &9 '#!8 ^& #! 57 5 '/! - $%& 5 9# 7bU sg 37 U7& < $ 9#7 =E=5C &I <7# pp < =!#bg$%} ' G 5 R '6# & 2 & $#E pg =E* S%&.(DOHR,op.cit : p. 16) ' pn7 K 'BBP # '! = -55 <g M & 7 $! <2! M7; :*1?!N7 & * =! 7 & ',( =E!^#& e8 v &/! '^7^4 & $5S 9# o( Director of Human Resources, op.cit: p. 2) &' && < 51#G 37 ' pp #' < '#E#17 E# =!+# & < '1 # 'EI M < '6# pp pg =E 7bU sg.&' = 'SR? ' < Q: *#1 & 9# E/ && < * ( < '#.& Q?!r) 7' 7? v >% =E5 K! XN5 2 < # '#!8 ^& < $! q < pg 'C pg M;: 7 M&A7 && `: g & < #17 <O7 9# 9#.# 7 &U = < '6# pp &!O, ( 37 < <& &8 '6# ' P & & #!^7 9# < =6 M/ $#!# h#7 & & &!C.$!#bG7 v58 ME1 '/! 9 9# & 7& 7 B 'U < &/ * <1B MAA; 9# <Y7 & < V"l% +"! $ pp :A <1B aa; M1( f5#u db 7? &!A #!?C &!C '! ':A ' =&A( '?./ $..7' =&&!? '7 G '!t ' X( $/ < & 1,2& f5#u 7? a12 'SR? ' pp < Q: *#1 ' pp < & =! # <6 9#5( =& * d./! pp $S: *#1 =! f5#u & #.7 # f5#u

15 4$* /' '( - ( ) 102.$ <C!U!? f5#u # & pp '#!8 ^& < & p^5e &!# o$ v;b =!u sg f5#u =E<E < $ 9# & < # Y5# & < (<% & $,3 =R( M &) h5g # < f < ' 3 <O7 '6# $/ & M MI,P < 'U =EM E >,P M & 5' 'U!N73ƒ C o' 7 =& MI,P =EME & 'SR? XO!BA M1r 7& 'U $. =& <7&& & =& $%( #& ' ( M E!N7 9# # &.&7 '77? * ; y!/!n73ƒ =! 'I,O '6# & M #G sg f5#u <E :&&'!A 86/9/4-928 ١. &7 f5#u =A7 sg :& 7 g b M E 70/4/ <7&& 9# & 9P & '6# pp f5#u <E!N73ƒ p( '6# & M ٢.&!U'!? =! # '6# ' pp=6 M/ $#!# 7? 46 &! < <8 M & # 7 y v >% =E5 +#!E &!A #! 'SR? ' pp=6 M/ $#!# 7? 46 & +#!B1 >%P p3i a12 #!!.&!U'!? 'SR? ' 9P & '#!8 ^& ' XO 8 < '6# # < vb7 XO < $ $& < E < & v/ '! k E.! 3 8 '^5E s0 '6# '77 9P vb7 <#! ' ',O!N7 $#!# <S $7S ' <7 & ' 'SR? 9P =EvB7 ~BP EvB7.(137 :1370 ;%) $ 67 '5fG!# 97? & EvB7 67 =! '% '% XO < & E/ 9# 'SR? ' 9P < '6# 9P vb7 <Y7 9# <O, &' < U pp 3( < ' ( $/ +# <Iƒ py7 35 <7 vb7!fg!u) pp 9# < ' ( $/ < ' # 'SR? ' pp p7 XO -.2 < E 9#.&' && ( &17 ' ( -A P!^#& # 6 pp <O, &' 7 t vb7 XO si7 pp < 'SR? ' pp $I

16 103 *A B1 C&D * E A #* F d!2 'P XO = vb7!r.&&!u '7 $G +# =B # pp <Y7 <7 <C!U sg &/ = 7' 7 55 &' t &$. pa vb5 pp &' & 9P 'SR? ' pp XO < =<N;%.EO! 9# *%&. U7 &/ 'SR? ' ' pp $ 9O <4 <#O# =<7U < $ & $ ( vb7 * ( < $ 9 p^5e &.$ =& M(A#!^#& M1( <.&' <C!U X B & = vb7 XO! E $#: 9C!#bG '6# ' 9P vb7 XO.(166 :1378 '5 ) '#1212 o 137 E) 7&' 7 vb5 '7 $G +# < < '6# pp # &' J!R 9# XO && a!^#& =<7U < # 5 =&/ vb7 9C!#bG IS && / 9# 9P '6# ' pp = 'B7 954 & B 5 & vb7 & &! 5( < $ 9O pp '% &7 '77? Q5 &17 9O!t 'SR? '.(138 :1370 ;%) & < ; AS =& U&& pp 7? 5 & < $ 9# '6# pp 'SR? vb7 sg X3 <O7 ( 5( < $/ < & & 9P < '» :$&'!A 1301 =6 ' $/ &' 7 v; 37 ' $/ 8 55 ' = =1 +#!B1 < $ '% & 9# «.5 $/ */& ~ < $ = 9P 7&' =6 M/ $#!# 7? 46 & 1345 =6 pp 7? 18 & <A 8 '6# $/ & <C!#bG 'SR? ' pp < pp < ' &. E/ v; = ('^67 $/ M5 ;% ) $/. : 1/1N 5+I:; h(! h"* < & ' #) #G & < ' & =6 M/ $#!# 7? 46 & +#!B1 8 < 'SR? ' pp < *#1 # $/ < <& #! pp '6# & (9 : : E/ C = *#q 'O# < # 57

17 4$* /' '( - ( ) 104 +F 3""+ &/7 46 $ _+ h"* <.,( 34 t M < 9 &' ŒP6=6 M/ $#!# 7? 46 & +#!B1 +# 5 a12 fp$#: 2 < '6# ' 5!U.$!#bGO h5g '6# & XO % =! 5 9#^#8 +# & # 5 =!u $AC '6# & 77 M < '# =# 954.(Hill, op. cit: p. 5) &!U M =!6 '! < $ &I & 7' '7 '6# & <% & $,3 =R( 95k E. $r & +# $C!6G ' =& *%& < 5 '# 9# & <C# era7 ',#g&!2/ < '6# & < '6# & &! &!U!? =!u 9 & <7 7 =! o * & &I & &# '#' & #. <& $1t * '7 & # & & X B 9/7 a#s & 5 <!/ s7 +# &&!2/ < #17 &!U!?!r) fp <Y7 7' '7 '6# & #.& ( pp < && < / '/! <& '6P $#: #! ', &!O, (!N7 '6# ' 5 < &&!U Q? =!6 $# & N5 =! 'C:!U <O5#! '51 && &8 E5.& 7 E/ =!u $AC '6# & &!U M / 5+I:(.?W-"+K! M/ $#!# 7? 46 & &!A #!! p( M & 7' '#!8 ^& $ '% & 9#.# 7 *#1 '7 G pp < '6# ' pp $S: = '7 G < '6# 838 '% 837 <7&& & =& $%( #& ' ( M E < ' P $S: *#1 O <!# M E pp 7? 19 & &!A XO» :$ & 7 g p.( &&! & &! < Q: $/ & *#1 < 7? 6 #G & < 7 <?.( #G # '2 & < &!C =5! '6# '7& 9P -A; $?%! ~!B;5 7? 20 M & # ' 91 & a12 $ <7#B '5fG =6 9P '6# $%& pp =5! 9#!5 o«$ #Y 517 $/ <& =! `% '6# pp e7! # ' pp < Q: *#1 a $1i '6# & p sg

18 105 *A B1 C&D * E A #* F M E 1381/6/ M/29982 <B &5 < '7 G < 'SR? ' 9O% ( $ *2 & bu7? `#! XO!#!#!# M E <7#B &I & =6 M/ $#!# 7? 46 & +#!B1 v 5 $ <C!#bG '6# ' pp $/ <& #! p( M & ' ( M E =!!1S s,y vb 7? < & 7 <8 #.(210 :1390 '1() 7? 46 & +#!B1 v 5 &8 b = 9#.$ =& $%( #& l; <A 5( < ~C! Y5# & <7 =1( '77? ;% =6 M/ $#!# &3( X0& $r 2 < 4 < $IU # '7 G 9P & &.$ J!R 9} R Q: 57 / 97? =6 M/ $#!# 7? & < # =6 M/ $#!# 7? 6 &17 * '5!# # -A 77 7 'r.(147 :1387 '5 ) '#1212) 7!' 7!3!A... $/ y!/ '^67 ;% *t6 & =6 M/ pp $? ' $r $G ' $#!# 7? 45 & a12 < $ 9#! q *? <O7!t *t6 & ' pp $r =E$G '5S# ' *t6 & '6# ' pp!u.&!u' M '7 G 9O # 7 =!u 'SR? ' < 1 =! $AC '6# & 77 &.#! '7 G pp < = $S: 7? 46 & +#!B1 v 5 a12 $ E/ <8 <7^4 ' < $r *t6 & '7 G pp < $S:!.(230 :1389 ') &! E/! 7 '7 $G '!N7 < Y5# & 8M j, $!A 7& 7 '5fG '6# & < ( 'P) '57?!i & ١ pp y!/!!ƒ7 M!A $#( p( «<8 $,(» <0 7' '#!8 ^& 5O7 *#1 'SR? ' < $S: 9 : & ' # '6# & #G sg &!O, ( < 1! *#g& K! 35 5 < 5 ' XO 7 9# +%bs.# 7 y!/ 97? &! K! y!/!# o7 y!/ 57' 6BP C (', ) '5C 1. Proper Cause

19 4$* /' '( - ( ) 106 <7g&(7 <7IB57 '77?!t y!/ +# Eb 7 &F7 K! # 'P.(Riphahn, 1999: p. 2-3) &' v; $7 : v >% 5 <#A & XO % 7=6 M/ $#!# 7? 46 & & 9 : &!U <! 9#.'!N7 < '6# ' pp =! 'P =!8 46 & y v >% =E5 'O#!E & y5 #! 77 pp '6# & #G # pp <) # E<7P) '#!8 ^& d!2 = =5! XO # 7 && e s0 '77 <#! $#!# <S $7S < #!8 & (55 =8 < < 9# $ & 46 & +#!B1 < < =&!#.(230 :1389 ') &' pp '% <4 & <O5# '6# ' pp &/! '^7^4 `#! =B =!P M <! 9# &' C y v 5 ar '% <4 & >% 5 a12 '#!8 ^& < $5S 9# <bu '#!8 ^& 3(! (=/ $.) * ; / 9# &I < && &8 '77? =E<5#U 9 =!UX B / ' <#G' $ &17 1? *? < & ( vp7 =<5#U $ 9O!# o$ &.(169 :1391 7E) 67 ;% & '#!8 ^& pp QC5 K pp XO % M & 4) =/ $. #S fg =! $!3 Y5# < < &/! a 9# pp (&7 <5 9# & '#O <7U ne a '6# qp X B # 7 Š!(!g MA < (46 & +#!B1) '#!8 ^& M B MA X B qp <7U!E < $! q *? 95k E.&!U!? '5 & 5 *» K! # '6# 9P 'P $S: < Q8 =& qp *#g& $ a; '6# pp * 9# K!. «& M B &.(159 :1383 & ') # 7 * e.2 =& ' ( pa X B & #G # '2 & < =&!C :& `#!B 1345 =6 pp 7? 20 & & & 37 =5! XO 767 && ŒP6!N7 & $/ & A =! `% '6#! ' pp =& MA & &Y $! a =5! w# +# & $ <5 9# & =6 M/ $#!# 7? < 54!E.$& 5EP7 * E < $!r =6 pp 7? ', & 7? <O7!!N7 o$

20 107 *A B1 C&D * E A #* F '5 ) '#1212) && '77? 1( 17 #8 7?!# < =& & 7? 9# po.&& '#!8 $,? =6 pp 7? 20 & 9#!5 o(178 :1387 <& =! `% '6# ' pp '#!8 ^&!U < $8 9# X3 <O7 <% < '7 <,C & # X B 9# <& = XO %! X B 77 $/ < =!u sg $ 9#! *!# o& ', ( (<% & $,3 =R( M &) <% h5g # 'SR? ' < '6# ' pp 7? & $ ' '6# & M M =!u sg 7' 7 '#!8 ^& < $5S 9#.#' Q: *#1 =5! XO p.( &/ $#: p( & & pp 54 '6# & '2 =& $%( #& ' ( M E <5 9# &.(229 :1389 ') # 7 & = 9P '6# & =A7» & 7 p.( 83/3/10-82 <7&& <, 8 =&S = M!A 97? &!A >%O -A 6 & ' 5 &( &! y!/ =& MI,P M E & 'SR? XO!BA M1r 5' 'P.( abdolkhani.ir/ 17566) «.&7 '77? * ; 9P # 9 : & 'P XO % M & =& $%( #& ' ( M E = K! ') $& EP7 '#O <7U ne a XO 9# < $17 pp '6# & #G <7&& & =& $%( #& ' ( M E = <5 9# &.(230 :1389 =5! =6 pp 7? 20 & a12 <O5# <!N7» # 7' <8,8 82/8/ pp ~g 'C!2 $ #&!U #Y '6# M/ & '2 & '6# pp & / #! : Q ', 2 < '%& M) E E & ' & '6# & '2 & 37 =5! < Š!( & & MOš $#O ' 7 '%.( ) «.&&!U' K!.$ '^# $?% * =51! $#O a 67 </5 $ < =!UO vb8 '#7 < &' aa; '7 <# =& pn7 +# * 9# & 2 & < '5P # '#!8 ^& M 9# & sg. <& ^1P7 < 67! 37 &... <5 -./ $?./ '# ŒBP <, 8 '#ES '6#

21 4$* /' '( - ( ) 108 K! <7 7? =51! < E/ ', ( '7 X3 9#.E& #G 6P.&!U M E'# <A, :%p:/ :$ *#q J! < y5 *? h#7 9#!X3 =6 M/ $#!# 7? 46& *,; & =!UO vb8 < <# =& X +# aa; & '6# & B sg '#!8 ^&!# o$& E/ '#!r #' aa; ^1P7 $?./ < <?.( '7& ('?./ =&A( ',() $?% 4 '#ES &8 &! =!u < pp &... =& 17 XN7 $#( p&! < $/ < =7.&!U' < 7 & *t6 & =B $38 <# &!C &' * '6# & < =6 M/ $#!# 7? & '6# & M && 67!: <S%R.2 ' 9P $# =! $!3 b% $ '7g2 h5g 'R#! $; '#!8 ^& $ 5 +# M!# o# fe +# < M 9# '6#.5 =& '6# pp '^7^4 & & $S: *#1 =! 'R#! =6 M/ $#!# 7? 46 & & bu7?.3 '77? & >% 5 a12.$ & 7!A 'SR? ' < '6# ' $% pp =7 < <?.( '7& $?./ $?% 4 'I &8 # '#!8 ^& b ( =! <5 5 9# o# B '6# ' pp &...!t MI 9# =!^#& = <bu MI ;<A, <7:! =E!N7 -& # '6# ' pp b & v 5 ar.5e '# fy5 *? # pg M sg & 7 '2 <2! * < <8 pg ' =E. E/ v; 'SR? ' 5 8 $/ f5#u 'SR? ' pp < $S: *#1 # $/ < <& #! < ' &.4 #!! =! =<% & $,3 7' '#!8 ^& &67! '6# pp 9#^#8 $,3 =R(.# 7 R( = <=6 M/ $#!# 7? 46 & & y5 ~17 &!O, ( '6# ' pp < '7 F# < o& E/ XO % =! '15 =! =!6 $,3!U # 7 pg M <77 ',#g& < '% <& '15

22 109 *A B1 C&D * E A #* F 7? 46 & v 5 ar.5 =!u $AC '6# & 7' & N5 = &!O, ( $#: p( M & < && / 9# '#!8 ^& =6 M/ $#!# ' 9P 4 o# 7 *#1 '7 G pp < $S: '6# pp!u 7' pp '!t *t6 =! '7 G 9P ' *t6 =! '7 G < '6# ' 9P Q: *#1 X5 ( XEP b & v 5.& bu '!t * pp < # `%!N7 & $/ & 7 =! '6# & #G # '2 & < =&!C $#37 & & '#!8 ^& d!2 7 =5! XO =3S <7U ne 767 && ŒP6 9# &.&' && e s0 '77 <#! $#!# <S $7S < e: AC $& EP7 XO 9# < $17 '#O <7UnE a 5! pp M.&& '^67 67 &I '?A; 'B/! -A $C#& a pp &/! '^7^4 `#!B =8 < :$ & 46 & +#!B1 < < =&!# $!3.$ <bu '#!8 ^& 3(! =!P M <! 9# '6# ' M B < $17 $#O a 97 $38 < 7 =/ $. #S fg =! MA < (46 & +#!B1) '#!8 ^& M B < 7 pp '#!8 ^&.&!U!? '5 & qp X B # 7 Š!(!g $S: '6# & M =!u sg # '#!8 ^& && 67!: <S%R.5 =!u '6# & pp!u g # 7. = < '1 2 < 9 pp #& ' ( M E = ar & MO # Y5# & # 57 >,O 9S < $17 & 9P &( & = & 7 'A, '6# pp &!O, ( $#:! * =& $%(.&&!? 'SR? ' # <7U9# '6# 9P < $17 '#!8 ^&!^7 $! q *?.6 & 7& 7 B &/ * 'U < 37 4.&!^ #&7 37 ME1 '/! < M;: 7 M&A7 & '2 & 95k E.5 <& 'E1 $ 9O 9 9# 9# < # =6 M/ $#!# 7? 46 & v >% 5 & & 'C pg ' pp & #G & '#!8 ^& $!3 <O5#!/ &.&! &U 9P

23 4$* /' '( - ( ) 110 &.# 7 M(& '6# & '2 & &!O, ( '! A7 <,8 & $! =! '6# #&!U! = < E <& 'G & pp # p( < =& <,8 9# p. ) & =!UX B 'P $S: & & su & && ec& 8 pp <.(Hill op.cit :5?.3(4 L4 <7!C '%& =!# =& $%( #& '&& 9# 'A1R '! o(1389) x; '#?.1.<7&8 M67 :!3.K!67 :!3 p34 L4!# =& -A o(1370) ;%1( ;%.2 M67 :!3 XE& L4 (2) (1) =& -A o(1389) =!^5 ; '.3. M67 :!3 L4 *I% ':? < 8! ' ( -A o(1376)!# 'G! %g 7 *6&.4.!U&&.$ M67 :!3 XE&7G L4 =& -A o(1387)!345 '5 ) '# !U&&!67 :!3 p& L4 =& -A o(1390) F '1(.6.$ M67 :!3 XY5G L4 'P M!A 97? <( Y o(1389)!^738 B5.7.!U&&!67 :!3 L4 =& -A o(1391) XE! &'.8.!67 :!3 X6 L4 (2) (1) =& -A o(1383) : &'.9. M67 :!3 L4 ' =E=&!6 -A o(1384) ; ' E.$ M67 :!3 L4 p&,8 'A1R =& -A o(1391) =3 7E 12. Director of Human Resources, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Human 13. DOHR (Department of Human ResourcesState of Tennessee), Employee Handbook,(2014). 14. Hegan, Shanno The 90 Day Probationary Period: Rhetoric or Reality, Otago Management Graduate Review, 15(22-49), (2006). 15. Hill, Nicola, Probation Period Procedure, Human Resources Manager, (2009). 16. Johri, Roopali and Fawthorpe, Louise, Trial Employment Periods, Department of Lab our, (2010). 17. Regina T. Riphahn, Behavioral Effects of Probation Periods: An Analysis of Worker Absenteeism, University of Munich, (1999). 18. Resources Policies and Procedures Procedure for Managing Probationary Periods, (2010)

24 111 *A B1 C&D * E A #* F 19. University of North Texas System, Probationary Period, Available, www. Atunt system. Edu, (last visited on 2013/8/9). dastour.ir/brows/?lid= www :$# & y5 ww.mesbah72.blogfa.com O/7 :$# & y5 u1388&"< Z "<H $ "@ /O"H :$# & y5 u&+9 mi!. %+( &/7 u+d. E>. &"< 46/7/22 Z :$# & y5 "@ /O"H F /O"H o1358 Z &" E( 4@ ((&/7 :$# & y5 :$# & y5 :$# & y5 o1345 Z 9 5+I:( &/7.1 u1392z 3,+ &" o1301 Z 9 5+I:( &/ ( O"H EM! &/7.7 :$# & y5 o136956/ 3 {I!?p Z 9 &/7.8 :$# & y5 o1375 Z 0 0<H &99 &dv"l%&/7.9 :$# & y5 u1386 Z 9 +F 3""+&/7 ww.dadkhahi.net/.../gh_modiriyat_khadamat_keshv :$# & y5 :$# & y5 eha.razaviedu.ir/files/posts/1510 :!# $# & y5 o1392 o1372z &+9 mi! &/7 o1369 Z0 0<H. 3+FO"+4d: &/7 Z 9 +F 3""+ &/7 + +"+! &/

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