BASIC ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER PROGRAM

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "BASIC ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER PROGRAM"

Transcription

1 BASIC ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER PROGRAM CSC128 FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER PROBLEM SOLVING LOGO

2 Contents 1 Identifier 2 3 Rules for naming and declaring data variables Basic data types 4 Arithmetic operators 5 Arithmetic expression

3 IDENTIFIERS

4 IDENTIFIERS Identifier : the name of something that appears in a program. Example of identifiers: variables, function and constants. Identifiers Rules: The 1 st character must be an alphabet letter (a,b,c, z) or an underscore _. Can only consists of letters, digits and underscore _. No symbol allowed (!@#$%^&*.) Cannot use C++ reserved words/keywords There must be no blank space character (Room 3, Level 1) Identifiers are case sensitive Examples : NO1, no1, No1,nO1 (Different)

5 Reserved Word It has predefined meaning for the language. int char long float double default case for void break const else if private do else goto switch while public class return continue break

6 Legal and Illegal Identifiers The following are legal identifiers in C++: _first conversion2 payrate student_name

7 Variable A location in computer memory to store data. Can only store 1 value at a time Value of a variable may change during program execution. Must be declared before used. Must always assign/ initialize a value to a variable before using the variable.

8 VARIABLE Represent storage location in the computer s memory to store value. A symbolic name in the form of a letter, word or phrase that linked to a value. Every variable stored in the computer s memory has a name, a value and a type. Variable Rules Must begin with a letter or underscore (_), and may only contain only letters, underscore, or digits. Variable name cannot consists of more than 31 characters. Example: _names; number_of_cars; No1;

9 Variable Declaration Syntax: data_type variable; Example: int x; int number1, number2, number3; char codemi7 ; float after_sale_price; Please take note of the coma (,) to separate the variable list & Semicolon (;) to end the variable declaration

10 Variable: what happen when a variable is declared?? The compiler allocates a memory space for the variable. In the memory space, name, data type and value of the variable are stored. ex. float length = 6.0;

11 Identifiers

12 Whitespaces Every C++ program contains whitespaces Include blanks, tabs, and newline characters Used to separate special symbols, reserved words, and identifiers Proper utilization of whitespaces is important Can be used to make the program more readable

13 STANDARD DATA TYPES

14 DATA TYPES Data type: set of values together with a set of operations C++ data types fall into three categories: Simple data type Structured data type Pointers

15 Simple Data Type Three (3) categories of simple data Integral: integers (numbers without a decimal) Can be further categorized: char, short, int, long, bool, unsigned char, unsigned short, unsigned int, unsigned long Floating-point: decimal numbers Enumeration type: user-defined data type

16 DATA TYPES (Cont.) Every variable used in program hold data, and every data must have their own type. It is the way how we can measure the variable s data value as exist in the real world. Example of data types int, float, double, char

17 Data Types Categories of data type Numeric data type integer floating points Character data type Single Character String of characters

18 Numeric Data Type Integer (without a decimal) Whole number positive, zero or negative -543,-414,-30,-28,-1,0,1,232,83,94,725.. C++ keyword int, short, long Floating point Numbers with decimal points , , 1.25, C++ keyword float, double int area; float area;

19 int Data Type May be a zero (0), positive (1,2,3..) or negative (-1,-2,-3..) whole number. int will process integers within the range of to long integers will process integers within the range of to Examples:

20 float, double Data Type Is a decimal number that contains the decimal point (.)or the exponent (e) or both. float data type range approximately 6 to 7 digits of precision Examples double data type takes approximately 13 decimal digits of precision Examples

21 Bool Data Type bool type Two values: true and false Manipulate logical (Boolean) expressions Logical values bool, true, and false Reserved words

22 Character Data Type Single character ( keyword = char ) Store one character value ( a digit, letter or special symbol ) Single character value is enclosed in a single quotation mark ( ) Some of the values belonging to char data type are: 'A', 'a', '0', '*', '+', '$', '&' A blank space is a character Written ' ', with a space left between the single quotes Example: char grade = A ;

23 char[] Data Type String of characters ( keyword = char []) A string = a sequence of characters that terminated by a null character, \0 which has the value zero. The null character denotes the end of a string and is added to the string by compiler automatically. Example, to declare a string text that could hold 5 characters, the following statement is written. char text[6] = Hello ; Enclosed in double quotation marks ( ). Position of first character is 0, the position of the second is 1, and so on Note: the double quotes ( ) and single quotes ( )

24 Summary Of Data Type Category Data types Keywords Bits Range Examples Numeric integer int to , 0, -10 long integer long to floating point float 32 6 digit precision 32.88, double floating point double digit precision Character Character char 8 c, v Sequence of character char[ ] hello, sarah

25 Exercises 1) Give the most appropriate data type of the following values. i. 305 ii. A iii iv. RM45.60 v vi. + vii. 305 viii.80617

26 Exercises 1) Which of the following identifiers are VALID? i) Count_number ii) Net salary iii) countryname iv) tax6% 2) If the variable has_membership are declared to store an input from user which is expected to store Y, y, N or n. What is the suitable data type to be used for variable declaration?

27 Constant Values that are fixed and do not change throughout program execution Declaring a constant: Using const keyword

28 Constant Declaration Syntax: const data_type constant_name = value; const keyword type const float PI = 3.14; Constant_name value

29 Exercise Problem: to calculate area of a circle Data Data type Variable name Input radius float radius Output area float areacircle Process areacircle = 3.142*radius*radius

30 Exercises Problem: to compute the area of triangle. Input Data Data type Variable name Output Process

31 Exercise Problem: to display user s name and retirement age Input Data Data type Variable name Output Process

32 Initialization A variable can be initialized to any value as long as the value s data type matches the variable s data type. Syntax: datatype variable = [ initialvalue ]; Examples: int age = 0; float rate = 0.0; double sale = 0.0; char grade = ; char company[20] = ;

33 Exercises 1) Write a C++ statement that declare a variable name numberofpeople. Assign the data type int to the variable and initialize it appropriately. 2) Write a C++ statement that declare a variable name interestrate. Assign the data type double to the variable and initialize it appropriately. 3) Write a C++ statement that declare a float variable named rate. Initialize the variable to the number 5.6

34 OPERATORS

35 OPERATORS A Symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical manipulations Types of operator: Arithmetic operators Assignment operators Relational operators Logical operators

36 Arithmetic operator Addition Subtraction Modulus Multiplication Division

37 Arithmetic operator Operation Operator Subtraction - Addition + Multiplication * Division / Modulus %

38 Precedence & Associativity Precedence of operator Highest Lowest Operators Associativity () Left to right * / % Left to right + - Left to right Precedence rules: specify which operator is evaluated first when two operators with different precedence are adjacent in an expression. Associativity rules: specify which operator is evaluated first when two operators with the same precedence are adjacent in an expression.

39 Precedence & Associativity Example 1: * 3 Example 2: 3 * 4 / 2

40 ARITHMETIC EXPRESSION

41 operands One of the input of an operator Example: Operator Operand

42 Several rules that you need to follow to evaluate arithmetic expression: 1. If one or more operand(s) in an arithmetic expression has/have data type double, the resulting expression is of data type double. 2. If all operands in arithmetic expression are of type int, the resulting expression is of type int.

43 Arithmetic operators Require two operands Ex. +, -, *, /, % For the modulus % (remainder) operator, all of its operands must be integer only. Be careful of the operands data types when using division operator. For example, Expressions Output 7 / / / /

44 Example 3 * * 5 / (3 * 7) 6 + ( (2 * 5) / 4 ) + 6 = (10 / 4) + 6 (Evaluate *) = (Evaluate /) = (Evaluate -) = (Evaluate first +) = 23 (Evaluate +)

45 Test yourself!!!! Examples : Declaration double a, b, c, d, e; Initialization a = 10.0, b = 20.0, c = 15.0, d = 8.0, e = 40.0; Expression to be evaluated (a + b / ( c 5.0 )) / ((d + 7.0) / (e 37.0) / 3.0)

46 Answer: (a + b / ( c 5.0 )) / ((d + 7.0) / (e 37.0) / 3.0) The sequence : 1. (c 5.0) = (d + 7.0) = (e ) = (a + b / 10.0) / (15.0 / 3.0 / 3.0) 5. (a + 2) / (5.0 / 3.0) 6. (12) / (1.667)

47 LOGO

Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++

Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ Objectives In this chapter, you will: Become familiar with functions, special symbols, and identifiers in C++ Explore simple data types Discover how a program evaluates

More information

Objectives. Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ Introduction. Objectives (cont d.) A C++ Program (cont d.) A C++ Program

Objectives. Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ Introduction. Objectives (cont d.) A C++ Program (cont d.) A C++ Program Objectives Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ In this chapter, you will: Become familiar with functions, special symbols, and identifiers in C++ Explore simple data types Discover how a program evaluates

More information

Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ Objectives. Objectives (cont d.) A C++ Program. Introduction

Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ Objectives. Objectives (cont d.) A C++ Program. Introduction Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition 1 Objectives In this chapter, you will: Become familiar with functions, special symbols, and identifiers

More information

Review: Exam 1. Your First C++ Program. Declaration Statements. Tells the compiler. Examples of declaration statements

Review: Exam 1. Your First C++ Program. Declaration Statements. Tells the compiler. Examples of declaration statements Review: Exam 1 9/20/06 CS150 Introduction to Computer Science 1 1 Your First C++ Program 1 //*********************************************************** 2 // File name: hello.cpp 3 // Author: Shereen Khoja

More information

Objectives. In this chapter, you will:

Objectives. In this chapter, you will: Objectives In this chapter, you will: Become familiar with functions, special symbols, and identifiers in C++ Explore simple data types Discover how a program evaluates arithmetic expressions Learn about

More information

Creating a C++ Program

Creating a C++ Program Program A computer program (also software, or just a program) is a sequence of instructions written in a sequence to perform a specified task with a computer. 1 Creating a C++ Program created using an

More information

C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Third Edition

C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Third Edition C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Third Edition Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ Objectives (continued) Become familiar with the use of increment and decrement operators Examine

More information

Chapter-8 DATA TYPES. Introduction. Variable:

Chapter-8 DATA TYPES. Introduction. Variable: Chapter-8 DATA TYPES Introduction To understand any programming languages we need to first understand the elementary concepts which form the building block of that program. The basic building blocks include

More information

C++ Basic Elements of COMPUTER PROGRAMMING. Special symbols include: Word symbols. Objectives. Programming. Symbols. Symbols.

C++ Basic Elements of COMPUTER PROGRAMMING. Special symbols include: Word symbols. Objectives. Programming. Symbols. Symbols. EEE-117 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING Basic Elements of C++ Objectives General Questions Become familiar with the basic components of a C++ program functions, special symbols, and identifiers Data types Arithmetic

More information

Expressions and Data Types CSC 121 Spring 2015 Howard Rosenthal

Expressions and Data Types CSC 121 Spring 2015 Howard Rosenthal Expressions and Data Types CSC 121 Spring 2015 Howard Rosenthal Lesson Goals Understand the basic constructs of a Java Program Understand how to use basic identifiers Understand simple Java data types

More information

DEPARTMENT OF MATHS, MJ COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF MATHS, MJ COLLEGE T. Y. B.Sc. Mathematics MTH- 356 (A) : Programming in C Unit 1 : Basic Concepts Syllabus : Introduction, Character set, C token, Keywords, Constants, Variables, Data types, Symbolic constants, Over flow,

More information

Fundamental of Programming (C)

Fundamental of Programming (C) Borrowed from lecturer notes by Omid Jafarinezhad Fundamental of Programming (C) Lecturer: Vahid Khodabakhshi Lecture 3 Constants, Variables, Data Types, And Operations Department of Computer Engineering

More information

BITG 1233: Introduction to C++

BITG 1233: Introduction to C++ BITG 1233: Introduction to C++ 1 Learning Outcomes At the end of this lecture, you should be able to: Identify basic structure of C++ program (pg 3) Describe the concepts of : Character set. (pg 11) Token

More information

2.1. Chapter 2: Parts of a C++ Program. Parts of a C++ Program. Introduction to C++ Parts of a C++ Program

2.1. Chapter 2: Parts of a C++ Program. Parts of a C++ Program. Introduction to C++ Parts of a C++ Program Chapter 2: Introduction to C++ 2.1 Parts of a C++ Program Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 2-1 Parts of a C++ Program Parts of a C++ Program // sample C++ program

More information

The C++ Language. Arizona State University 1

The C++ Language. Arizona State University 1 The C++ Language CSE100 Principles of Programming with C++ (based off Chapter 2 slides by Pearson) Ryan Dougherty Arizona State University http://www.public.asu.edu/~redoughe/ Arizona State University

More information

Fundamentals of Programming

Fundamentals of Programming Fundamentals of Programming Lecture 3 - Constants, Variables, Data Types, And Operations Lecturer : Ebrahim Jahandar Borrowed from lecturer notes by Omid Jafarinezhad Outline C Program Data types Variables

More information

CSc 10200! Introduction to Computing. Lecture 2-3 Edgardo Molina Fall 2013 City College of New York

CSc 10200! Introduction to Computing. Lecture 2-3 Edgardo Molina Fall 2013 City College of New York CSc 10200! Introduction to Computing Lecture 2-3 Edgardo Molina Fall 2013 City College of New York 1 C++ for Engineers and Scientists Third Edition Chapter 2 Problem Solving Using C++ 2 Objectives In this

More information

Expressions and Data Types CSC 121 Fall 2015 Howard Rosenthal

Expressions and Data Types CSC 121 Fall 2015 Howard Rosenthal Expressions and Data Types CSC 121 Fall 2015 Howard Rosenthal Lesson Goals Understand the basic constructs of a Java Program Understand how to use basic identifiers Understand simple Java data types and

More information

UNIT- 3 Introduction to C++

UNIT- 3 Introduction to C++ UNIT- 3 Introduction to C++ C++ Character Sets: Letters A-Z, a-z Digits 0-9 Special Symbols Space + - * / ^ \ ( ) [ ] =!= . $, ; : %! &? _ # = @ White Spaces Blank spaces, horizontal tab, carriage

More information

Character Set. The character set of C represents alphabet, digit or any symbol used to represent information. Digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 9

Character Set. The character set of C represents alphabet, digit or any symbol used to represent information. Digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 9 Character Set The character set of C represents alphabet, digit or any symbol used to represent information. Types Uppercase Alphabets Lowercase Alphabets Character Set A, B, C, Y, Z a, b, c, y, z Digits

More information

Features of C. Portable Procedural / Modular Structured Language Statically typed Middle level language

Features of C. Portable Procedural / Modular Structured Language Statically typed Middle level language 1 History C is a general-purpose, high-level language that was originally developed by Dennis M. Ritchie to develop the UNIX operating system at Bell Labs. C was originally first implemented on the DEC

More information

C Language Part 1 Digital Computer Concept and Practice Copyright 2012 by Jaejin Lee

C Language Part 1 Digital Computer Concept and Practice Copyright 2012 by Jaejin Lee C Language Part 1 (Minor modifications by the instructor) References C for Python Programmers, by Carl Burch, 2011. http://www.toves.org/books/cpy/ The C Programming Language. 2nd ed., Kernighan, Brian,

More information

C: How to Program. Week /Mar/05

C: How to Program. Week /Mar/05 1 C: How to Program Week 2 2007/Mar/05 Chapter 2 - Introduction to C Programming 2 Outline 2.1 Introduction 2.2 A Simple C Program: Printing a Line of Text 2.3 Another Simple C Program: Adding Two Integers

More information

CS242 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

CS242 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING CS242 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING I.Safa a Alawneh Variables Outline 2 Data Type C++ Built-in Data Types o o o o bool Data Type char Data Type int Data Type Floating-Point Data Types Variable Declaration Initializing

More information

COMP 202 Java in one week

COMP 202 Java in one week COMP 202 Java in one week... Continued CONTENTS: Return to material from previous lecture At-home programming exercises Please Do Ask Questions It's perfectly normal not to understand everything Most of

More information

2 nd Week Lecture Notes

2 nd Week Lecture Notes 2 nd Week Lecture Notes Scope of variables All the variables that we intend to use in a program must have been declared with its type specifier in an earlier point in the code, like we did in the previous

More information

Chapter 2 - Introduction to C Programming

Chapter 2 - Introduction to C Programming Chapter 2 - Introduction to C Programming 2 Outline 2.1 Introduction 2.2 A Simple C Program: Printing a Line of Text 2.3 Another Simple C Program: Adding Two Integers 2.4 Memory Concepts 2.5 Arithmetic

More information

CS101: Fundamentals of Computer Programming. Dr. Tejada www-bcf.usc.edu/~stejada Week 1 Basic Elements of C++

CS101: Fundamentals of Computer Programming. Dr. Tejada www-bcf.usc.edu/~stejada Week 1 Basic Elements of C++ CS101: Fundamentals of Computer Programming Dr. Tejada stejada@usc.edu www-bcf.usc.edu/~stejada Week 1 Basic Elements of C++ 10 Stacks of Coins You have 10 stacks with 10 coins each that look and feel

More information

These are reserved words of the C language. For example int, float, if, else, for, while etc.

These are reserved words of the C language. For example int, float, if, else, for, while etc. Tokens in C Keywords These are reserved words of the C language. For example int, float, if, else, for, while etc. Identifiers An Identifier is a sequence of letters and digits, but must start with a letter.

More information

Chapter 2: Introduction to C++

Chapter 2: Introduction to C++ Chapter 2: Introduction to C++ Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright Publishing as 2010 Pearson Pearson Addison-Wesley Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 2.1 Parts of a C++

More information

Chapter 2 Basic Elements of C++

Chapter 2 Basic Elements of C++ C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition 2-1 Chapter 2 Basic Elements of C++ At a Glance Instructor s Manual Table of Contents Overview Objectives s Quick Quizzes Class Discussion

More information

Language Reference Manual

Language Reference Manual ALACS Language Reference Manual Manager: Gabriel Lopez (gal2129) Language Guru: Gabriel Kramer-Garcia (glk2110) System Architect: Candace Johnson (crj2121) Tester: Terence Jacobs (tj2316) Table of Contents

More information

Chapter 2: Special Characters. Parts of a C++ Program. Introduction to C++ Displays output on the computer screen

Chapter 2: Special Characters. Parts of a C++ Program. Introduction to C++ Displays output on the computer screen Chapter 2: Introduction to C++ 2.1 Parts of a C++ Program Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright 2009 Publishing Pearson as Pearson Education, Addison-Wesley Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

More information

Fundamentals of Programming CS-110. Lecture 2

Fundamentals of Programming CS-110. Lecture 2 Fundamentals of Programming CS-110 Lecture 2 Last Lab // Example program #include using namespace std; int main() { cout

More information

Computer System and programming in C

Computer System and programming in C 1 Basic Data Types Integral Types Integers are stored in various sizes. They can be signed or unsigned. Example Suppose an integer is represented by a byte (8 bits). Leftmost bit is sign bit. If the sign

More information

REVIEW. The C++ Programming Language. CS 151 Review #2

REVIEW. The C++ Programming Language. CS 151 Review #2 REVIEW The C++ Programming Language Computer programming courses generally concentrate on program design that can be applied to any number of programming languages on the market. It is imperative, however,

More information

Chapter 2: Using Data

Chapter 2: Using Data Chapter 2: Using Data Declaring Variables Constant Cannot be changed after a program is compiled Variable A named location in computer memory that can hold different values at different points in time

More information

Computers and Programming Section 450. Lab #1 C# Basic. Student ID Name Signature

Computers and Programming Section 450. Lab #1 C# Basic. Student ID Name Signature Lab #1 C# Basic Sheet s Owner Student ID Name Signature Group partner 1. Identifier Naming Rules in C# A name must consist of only letters (A Z,a z), digits (0 9), or underscores ( ) The first character

More information

6.096 Introduction to C++ January (IAP) 2009

6.096 Introduction to C++ January (IAP) 2009 MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 6.096 Introduction to C++ January (IAP) 2009 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. Welcome to 6.096 Lecture

More information

LECTURE 02 INTRODUCTION TO C++

LECTURE 02 INTRODUCTION TO C++ PowerPoint Slides adapted from *Starting Out with C++: From Control Structures through Objects, 7/E* by *Tony Gaddis* Copyright 2012 Pearson Education Inc. COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LECTURE 02 INTRODUCTION

More information

Full file at

Full file at Java Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, 3 rd Edition 2-1 Chapter 2 Basic Elements of Java At a Glance Instructor s Manual Table of Contents Overview Objectives s Quick Quizzes Class

More information

Introduction to C# Applications

Introduction to C# Applications 1 2 3 Introduction to C# Applications OBJECTIVES To write simple C# applications To write statements that input and output data to the screen. To declare and use data of various types. To write decision-making

More information

Lecture 3. More About C

Lecture 3. More About C Copyright 1996 David R. Hanson Computer Science 126, Fall 1996 3-1 Lecture 3. More About C Programming languages have their lingo Programming language Types are categories of values int, float, char Constants

More information

Programming Lecture 3

Programming Lecture 3 Programming Lecture 3 Expressions (Chapter 3) Primitive types Aside: Context Free Grammars Constants, variables Identifiers Variable declarations Arithmetic expressions Operator precedence Assignment statements

More information

Computer Programming : C++

Computer Programming : C++ The Islamic University of Gaza Engineering Faculty Department of Computer Engineering Fall 2017 ECOM 2003 Muath i.alnabris Computer Programming : C++ Experiment #1 Basics Contents Structure of a program

More information

BTE2313. Chapter 2: Introduction to C++ Programming

BTE2313. Chapter 2: Introduction to C++ Programming For updated version, please click on http://ocw.ump.edu.my BTE2313 Chapter 2: Introduction to C++ Programming by Sulastri Abdul Manap Faculty of Engineering Technology sulastri@ump.edu.my Objectives In

More information

Lab # 02. Basic Elements of C++ _ Part1

Lab # 02. Basic Elements of C++ _ Part1 Lab # 02 Basic Elements of C++ _ Part1 Lab Objectives: After performing this lab, the students should be able to: Become familiar with the basic components of a C++ program, including functions, special

More information

Introduction to the C++ Programming Language

Introduction to the C++ Programming Language LESSON SET 2 Introduction to the C++ Programming Language OBJECTIVES FOR STUDENT Lesson 2A: 1. To learn the basic components of a C++ program 2. To gain a basic knowledge of how memory is used in programming

More information

Computer Components. Software{ User Programs. Operating System. Hardware

Computer Components. Software{ User Programs. Operating System. Hardware Computer Components Software{ User Programs Operating System Hardware What are Programs? Programs provide instructions for computers Similar to giving directions to a person who is trying to get from point

More information

Java Notes. 10th ICSE. Saravanan Ganesh

Java Notes. 10th ICSE. Saravanan Ganesh Java Notes 10th ICSE Saravanan Ganesh 13 Java Character Set Character set is a set of valid characters that a language can recognise A character represents any letter, digit or any other sign Java uses

More information

LESSON 1. A C program is constructed as a sequence of characters. Among the characters that can be used in a program are:

LESSON 1. A C program is constructed as a sequence of characters. Among the characters that can be used in a program are: LESSON 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF C The purpose of this lesson is to explain the fundamental elements of the C programming language. C like other languages has all alphabet and rules for putting together words

More information

9/5/2018. Overview. The C Programming Language. Transitioning to C from Python. Why C? Hello, world! Programming in C

9/5/2018. Overview. The C Programming Language. Transitioning to C from Python. Why C? Hello, world! Programming in C Overview The C Programming Language (with material from Dr. Bin Ren, William & Mary Computer Science) Motivation Hello, world! Basic Data Types Variables Arithmetic Operators Relational Operators Assignments

More information

Differentiate Between Keywords and Identifiers

Differentiate Between Keywords and Identifiers History of C? Why we use C programming language Martin Richards developed a high-level computer language called BCPL in the year 1967. The intention was to develop a language for writing an operating system(os)

More information

Typescript on LLVM Language Reference Manual

Typescript on LLVM Language Reference Manual Typescript on LLVM Language Reference Manual Ratheet Pandya UNI: rp2707 COMS 4115 H01 (CVN) 1. Introduction 2. Lexical Conventions 2.1 Tokens 2.2 Comments 2.3 Identifiers 2.4 Reserved Keywords 2.5 String

More information

VARIABLES. 1. STRINGS Data with letters and/or characters 2. INTEGERS Numbers without decimals 3. FLOATING POINT NUMBERS Numbers with decimals

VARIABLES. 1. STRINGS Data with letters and/or characters 2. INTEGERS Numbers without decimals 3. FLOATING POINT NUMBERS Numbers with decimals VARIABLES WHAT IS A VARIABLE? A variable is a storage location in the computer s memory, used for holding information while the program is running. The information that is stored in a variable may change,

More information

CHAPTER 1.2 INTRODUCTION TO C++ PROGRAMMING. Dr. Shady Yehia Elmashad

CHAPTER 1.2 INTRODUCTION TO C++ PROGRAMMING. Dr. Shady Yehia Elmashad CHAPTER 1.2 INTRODUCTION TO C++ PROGRAMMING Dr. Shady Yehia Elmashad Outline 1. Introduction to C++ Programming 2. Comment 3. Variables and Constants 4. Basic C++ Data Types 5. Simple Program: Printing

More information

The C Programming Language. (with material from Dr. Bin Ren, William & Mary Computer Science)

The C Programming Language. (with material from Dr. Bin Ren, William & Mary Computer Science) The C Programming Language (with material from Dr. Bin Ren, William & Mary Computer Science) 1 Overview Motivation Hello, world! Basic Data Types Variables Arithmetic Operators Relational Operators Assignments

More information

Data Types and Variables in C language

Data Types and Variables in C language Data Types and Variables in C language Basic structure of C programming To write a C program, we first create functions and then put them together. A C program may contain one or more sections. They are

More information

Programming and Data Structures

Programming and Data Structures Programming and Data Structures Teacher: Sudeshna Sarkar sudeshna@cse.iitkgp.ernet.in Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur #include int main()

More information

Chapter 2: Overview of C++

Chapter 2: Overview of C++ Chapter 2: Overview of C++ Problem Solving, Abstraction, and Design using C++ 6e by Frank L. Friedman and Elliot B. Koffman C++ Background Introduced by Bjarne Stroustrup of AT&T s Bell Laboratories in

More information

CS5000: Foundations of Programming. Mingon Kang, PhD Computer Science, Kennesaw State University

CS5000: Foundations of Programming. Mingon Kang, PhD Computer Science, Kennesaw State University CS5000: Foundations of Programming Mingon Kang, PhD Computer Science, Kennesaw State University Overview of Source Code Components Comments Library declaration Classes Functions Variables Comments Can

More information

By the end of this section you should: Understand what the variables are and why they are used. Use C++ built in data types to create program

By the end of this section you should: Understand what the variables are and why they are used. Use C++ built in data types to create program 1 By the end of this section you should: Understand what the variables are and why they are used. Use C++ built in data types to create program variables. Apply C++ syntax rules to declare variables, initialize

More information

JAVA Programming Fundamentals

JAVA Programming Fundamentals Chapter 4 JAVA Programming Fundamentals By: Deepak Bhinde PGT Comp.Sc. JAVA character set Character set is a set of valid characters that a language can recognize. It may be any letter, digit or any symbol

More information

Basics of Programming

Basics of Programming Unit 2 Basics of Programming Problem Analysis When we are going to develop any solution to the problem, we must fully understand the nature of the problem and what we want the program to do. Without the

More information

Introduction to Programming EC-105. Lecture 2

Introduction to Programming EC-105. Lecture 2 Introduction to Programming EC-105 Lecture 2 Input and Output A data stream is a sequence of data - Typically in the form of characters or numbers An input stream is data for the program to use - Typically

More information

3. Java - Language Constructs I

3. Java - Language Constructs I Educational Objectives 3. Java - Language Constructs I Names and Identifiers, Variables, Assignments, Constants, Datatypes, Operations, Evaluation of Expressions, Type Conversions You know the basic blocks

More information

Le L c e t c ur u e e 2 To T p o i p c i s c t o o b e b e co c v o e v r e ed e Variables Operators

Le L c e t c ur u e e 2 To T p o i p c i s c t o o b e b e co c v o e v r e ed e Variables Operators Course Name: Advanced Java Lecture 2 Topics to be covered Variables Operators Variables -Introduction A variables can be considered as a name given to the location in memory where values are stored. One

More information

Visual C# Instructor s Manual Table of Contents

Visual C# Instructor s Manual Table of Contents Visual C# 2005 2-1 Chapter 2 Using Data At a Glance Instructor s Manual Table of Contents Overview Objectives s Quick Quizzes Class Discussion Topics Additional Projects Additional Resources Key Terms

More information

Introduction to C Programming. Chih-Wei Tang ( 唐之瑋 ) Department of Communication Engineering National Central University JhongLi, Taiwan

Introduction to C Programming. Chih-Wei Tang ( 唐之瑋 ) Department of Communication Engineering National Central University JhongLi, Taiwan Introduction to C Programming Chih-Wei Tang ( 唐之瑋 ) Department of Communication Engineering National Central University JhongLi, Taiwan Outline Printing texts Adding 2 integers Comparing 2 integers C.E.,

More information

Basics of Java Programming

Basics of Java Programming Basics of Java Programming Lecture 2 COP 3252 Summer 2017 May 16, 2017 Components of a Java Program statements - A statement is some action or sequence of actions, given as a command in code. A statement

More information

Lecture 2: Variables and Operators. AITI Nigeria Summer 2012 University of Lagos.

Lecture 2: Variables and Operators. AITI Nigeria Summer 2012 University of Lagos. Lecture 2: Variables and Operators AITI Nigeria Summer 2012 University of Lagos. Agenda Variables Types Naming Assignment Data Types Type casting Operators Declaring Variables in Java type name; Variables

More information

Lecture 3 Tao Wang 1

Lecture 3 Tao Wang 1 Lecture 3 Tao Wang 1 Objectives In this chapter, you will learn about: Arithmetic operations Variables and declaration statements Program input using the cin object Common programming errors C++ for Engineers

More information

Lesson 02 Data Types and Statements. MIT 12043, Fundamentals of Programming By: S. Sabraz Nawaz Senior Lecturer in MIT Department of MIT FMC, SEUSL

Lesson 02 Data Types and Statements. MIT 12043, Fundamentals of Programming By: S. Sabraz Nawaz Senior Lecturer in MIT Department of MIT FMC, SEUSL Lesson 02 Data Types and Statements MIT 12043, Fundamentals of Programming By: S. Sabraz Nawaz Senior Lecturer in MIT Department of MIT FMC, SEUSL Topics Covered Statements Variables Constants Data Types

More information

Programming. C++ Basics

Programming. C++ Basics Programming C++ Basics Introduction to C++ C is a programming language developed in the 1970s with the UNIX operating system C programs are efficient and portable across different hardware platforms C++

More information

Computer Science & Information Technology (CS) Rank under AIR 100. Examination Oriented Theory, Practice Set Key concepts, Analysis & Summary

Computer Science & Information Technology (CS) Rank under AIR 100. Examination Oriented Theory, Practice Set Key concepts, Analysis & Summary GATE- 2016-17 Postal Correspondence 1 C-Programming Computer Science & Information Technology (CS) 20 Rank under AIR 100 Postal Correspondence Examination Oriented Theory, Practice Set Key concepts, Analysis

More information

EDIABAS BEST/2 LANGUAGE DESCRIPTION. VERSION 6b. Electronic Diagnostic Basic System EDIABAS - BEST/2 LANGUAGE DESCRIPTION

EDIABAS BEST/2 LANGUAGE DESCRIPTION. VERSION 6b. Electronic Diagnostic Basic System EDIABAS - BEST/2 LANGUAGE DESCRIPTION EDIABAS Electronic Diagnostic Basic System BEST/2 LANGUAGE DESCRIPTION VERSION 6b Copyright BMW AG, created by Softing AG BEST2SPC.DOC CONTENTS CONTENTS...2 1. INTRODUCTION TO BEST/2...5 2. TEXT CONVENTIONS...6

More information

VARIABLES AND CONSTANTS

VARIABLES AND CONSTANTS UNIT 3 Structure VARIABLES AND CONSTANTS Variables and Constants 3.0 Introduction 3.1 Objectives 3.2 Character Set 3.3 Identifiers and Keywords 3.3.1 Rules for Forming Identifiers 3.3.2 Keywords 3.4 Data

More information

CS102: Variables and Expressions

CS102: Variables and Expressions CS102: Variables and Expressions The topic of variables is one of the most important in C or any other high-level programming language. We will start with a simple example: int x; printf("the value of

More information

c++ keywords: ( all lowercase ) Note: cin and cout are NOT keywords.

c++ keywords: ( all lowercase ) Note: cin and cout are NOT keywords. Chapter 1 File Extensions: Source code (cpp), Object code (obj), and Executable code (exe). Preprocessor processes directives and produces modified source Compiler takes modified source and produces object

More information

Accelerating Information Technology Innovation

Accelerating Information Technology Innovation Accelerating Information Technology Innovation http://aiti.mit.edu Cali, Colombia Summer 2012 Lesson 02 Variables and Operators Agenda Variables Types Naming Assignment Data Types Type casting Operators

More information

CSc Introduction to Computing

CSc Introduction to Computing CSc 10200 Introduction to Computing Lecture 2 Edgardo Molina Fall 2011 - City College of New York Thursday, September 1, 2011 Introduction to C++ Modular program: A program consisting of interrelated segments

More information

CSE 1001 Fundamentals of Software Development 1. Identifiers, Variables, and Data Types Dr. H. Crawford Fall 2018

CSE 1001 Fundamentals of Software Development 1. Identifiers, Variables, and Data Types Dr. H. Crawford Fall 2018 CSE 1001 Fundamentals of Software Development 1 Identifiers, Variables, and Data Types Dr. H. Crawford Fall 2018 Identifiers, Variables and Data Types Reserved Words Identifiers in C Variables and Values

More information

CHIL CSS HTML Integrated Language

CHIL CSS HTML Integrated Language CHIL CSS HTML Integrated Language Programming Languages and Translators Fall 2013 Authors: Gil Chen Zion gc2466 Ami Kumar ak3284 Annania Melaku amm2324 Isaac White iaw2105 Professor: Prof. Stephen A. Edwards

More information

Decaf Language Reference Manual

Decaf Language Reference Manual Decaf Language Reference Manual C. R. Ramakrishnan Department of Computer Science SUNY at Stony Brook Stony Brook, NY 11794-4400 cram@cs.stonybrook.edu February 12, 2012 Decaf is a small object oriented

More information

Chapter 2. Lexical Elements & Operators

Chapter 2. Lexical Elements & Operators Chapter 2. Lexical Elements & Operators Byoung-Tak Zhang TA: Hanock Kwak Biointelligence Laboratory School of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul National Univertisy http://bi.snu.ac.kr The C System

More information

GraphQuil Language Reference Manual COMS W4115

GraphQuil Language Reference Manual COMS W4115 GraphQuil Language Reference Manual COMS W4115 Steven Weiner (Systems Architect), Jon Paul (Manager), John Heizelman (Language Guru), Gemma Ragozzine (Tester) Chapter 1 - Introduction Chapter 2 - Types

More information

Data and Variables. Data Types Expressions. String Concatenation Variables Declaration Assignment Shorthand operators. Operators Precedence

Data and Variables. Data Types Expressions. String Concatenation Variables Declaration Assignment Shorthand operators. Operators Precedence Data and Variables Data Types Expressions Operators Precedence String Concatenation Variables Declaration Assignment Shorthand operators Review class All code in a java file is written in a class public

More information

CS313D: ADVANCED PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

CS313D: ADVANCED PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE CS313D: ADVANCED PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE Computer Science department Lecture 2 : C# Language Basics Lecture Contents 2 The C# language First program Variables and constants Input/output Expressions and casting

More information

egrapher Language Reference Manual

egrapher Language Reference Manual egrapher Language Reference Manual Long Long: ll3078@columbia.edu Xinli Jia: xj2191@columbia.edu Jiefu Ying: jy2799@columbia.edu Linnan Wang: lw2645@columbia.edu Darren Chen: dsc2155@columbia.edu 1. Introduction

More information

COMP 202 Java in one week

COMP 202 Java in one week CONTENTS: Basics of Programming Variables and Assignment Data Types: int, float, (string) Example: Implementing a calculator COMP 202 Java in one week The Java Programming Language A programming language

More information

ADARSH VIDYA KENDRA NAGERCOIL COMPUTER SCIENCE. Grade: IX C++ PROGRAMMING. Department of Computer Science 1

ADARSH VIDYA KENDRA NAGERCOIL COMPUTER SCIENCE. Grade: IX C++ PROGRAMMING. Department of Computer Science 1 NAGERCOIL COMPUTER SCIENCE Grade: IX C++ PROGRAMMING 1 C++ 1. Object Oriented Programming OOP is Object Oriented Programming. It was developed to overcome the flaws of the procedural approach to programming.

More information

Today. o main function. o cout object. o Allocate space for data to be used in the program. o The data can be changed

Today. o main function. o cout object. o Allocate space for data to be used in the program. o The data can be changed CS 150 Introduction to Computer Science I Data Types Today Last we covered o main function o cout object o How data that is used by a program can be declared and stored Today we will o Investigate the

More information

Datatypes, Variables, and Operations

Datatypes, Variables, and Operations Datatypes, Variables, and Operations 1 Primitive Type Classification 2 Numerical Data Types Name Range Storage Size byte 2 7 to 2 7 1 (-128 to 127) 8-bit signed short 2 15 to 2 15 1 (-32768 to 32767) 16-bit

More information

CSC 1214: Object-Oriented Programming

CSC 1214: Object-Oriented Programming CSC 1214: Object-Oriented Programming J. Kizito Makerere University e-mail: jkizito@cis.mak.ac.ug www: http://serval.ug/~jona materials: http://serval.ug/~jona/materials/csc1214 e-learning environment:

More information

CHAPTER 3 BASIC INSTRUCTION OF C++

CHAPTER 3 BASIC INSTRUCTION OF C++ CHAPTER 3 BASIC INSTRUCTION OF C++ MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI Computer programming (BFC 20802) Subtopics 2 Parts of a C++ Program Classes and Objects The #include Directive Variables and Literals Identifiers

More information

Overview of C. Basic Data Types Constants Variables Identifiers Keywords Basic I/O

Overview of C. Basic Data Types Constants Variables Identifiers Keywords Basic I/O Overview of C Basic Data Types Constants Variables Identifiers Keywords Basic I/O NOTE: There are six classes of tokens: identifiers, keywords, constants, string literals, operators, and other separators.

More information

1 Lexical Considerations

1 Lexical Considerations Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6.035, Spring 2013 Handout Decaf Language Thursday, Feb 7 The project for the course is to write a compiler

More information

The SPL Programming Language Reference Manual

The SPL Programming Language Reference Manual The SPL Programming Language Reference Manual Leonidas Fegaras University of Texas at Arlington Arlington, TX 76019 fegaras@cse.uta.edu February 27, 2018 1 Introduction The SPL language is a Small Programming

More information

Basic Elements of C. Staff Incharge: S.Sasirekha

Basic Elements of C. Staff Incharge: S.Sasirekha Basic Elements of C Staff Incharge: S.Sasirekha Basic Elements of C Character Set Identifiers & Keywords Constants Variables Data Types Declaration Expressions & Statements C Character Set Letters Uppercase

More information

CS 106 Introduction to Computer Science I

CS 106 Introduction to Computer Science I CS 106 Introduction to Computer Science I 05 / 31 / 2017 Instructor: Michael Eckmann Today s Topics Questions / Comments? recap and some more details about variables, and if / else statements do lab work

More information