DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, CHENNAI DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING REWRAP TEST I CS6301 PROGRAMMING DATA STRUCTURES II

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1 DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, CHENNAI DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING REWRAP TEST I CS6301 PROGRAMMING DATA STRUCTURES II Year / Semester: III / V Date: Duration: 45 Mins Max. Marks: Define Data Abstraction.[N/D-14] Part A (4*2 = 8) Data abstraction: Data abstraction refers to the act of representing essential features without including the background details or explanations. 2. What is a difference between the procedural language and OOP language? Procedure Oriented Programming In POP, program is divided into small parts called functions. POP follows Top Down approach. POP does not have any access specifier. Example of POP are : C, VB, FORTRAN, Pascal. Object Oriented Programming In OOP, program is divided into parts called objects. OOP follows Bottom Up approach. OOP has access specifiers named Public, Private, Protected, etc. Example of OOP are : C++, JAVA, VB.NET, C#.NET. 3. What are the access specifiers in C++? Access specifiers are used to define how the members (functions and variables) can be accessed outside the class. There are three access specifiers defined which are public, private, and protected Private: Members declared as private are accessible only within the same class and they cannot be accessed outside the class they are declared. Public: Members declared as public are accessible from anywhere.

2 Protected: Members declared as protected cannot be accessed from outside the class except a child class. This access specifier has significance in the context of inheritance. 4. Write the syntax for creating class and objects? class class Name data functions ; Class Name objectvariablename; Part B ((1*16) +1 for Presentation = 17) 1. a) Write a C++ program to find factorial of given number using class and objects.[m/j 16] #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> (8) (8) class factorial int f, n; public: void fact(); void display(); ; void factorial::fact() f=1;

3 cout<<"\nenter a Number:"; cin>>n; for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) f=f*i; void factorial::display() cout<<"\nfactorial of "<<n<<" is "<<f; void main() clrscr(); factorial ob; ob.fact(); ob.display(); getch(); b) What are the features in C++ programming language[n/d-14] Features of C++ C++ is object oriented programming language and it is a very simple and easy language, this language have following features. Simple Portability Powerful Platform dependent Object oriented oriented Case sensitive Compiler based Use of Pointers

4 Simple Every C++ program can be written in simple English language so that it is very easy to understand and developed by programmer. Platform dependent A language is said to be platform dependent whenever the program is execute in the same operating system where that was developed and compiled but not run and execute on other operating system. C++ is platform dependent language. Portability It is the concept of carrying the instruction from one system to another system. In C++ Language.cpp file contain source code, we can edit also this code..exe file contain application, only we can execute this file. When we write and compile any C++ program on window operating system that program easily run on other window based system.when we can copy.exe file to any other computer which contain window operating system then it works properly, because the native code of application an operating system is same. Powerful C++ is a very powerful programming language, it have a wide verity of data types, functions, control statements, decision making statements, etc. Object oriented Programming language This main advantage of C++ is, it is object oriented programming language. It follow concept of oops like polymorphism, inheritance, encapsulation, abstraction. Case sensitive

5 C++ is a case sensitive programming language. In C++ programming 'break and BREAK' both are different. If any language treats lower case latter separately and upper case latter separately than they can be called as case sensitive programming language [Example c, c++, java,.net are sensitive programming languages.] other wise it is called as case insensitive programming language [Example HTML, SQL is case insensitive programming languages]. Compiler based C++ is a compiler based programming language that means without compilation no C++ program can be executed. First we need compiler to compile our program and then execute. Efficient use of pointers Pointers is a variable which hold the address of another variable, pointer directly direct access to memory address of any variable due to this performance of application is improve. In C++ language also concept of pointer are available.. ***** ALL THE BEST *****.

6 DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, CHENNAI DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING REWRAP TEST I CS6301 ROGRAMMING DATA STRUCTURES II Year / Semester: IV / VII Date: Duration: 45 Mins Max. Marks: Define Data Encapsulation. Part A (4*2 = 8) Data encapsulation: The wrapping up of data and functions into a single unit (called class) is known as encapsulation. The data is not accessible to the outside world. 2. Define Classes and Objects. Class: Class is a blue print which is containing only list of variables and method and no memory is allocated for them. A class is a group of objects that has common properties. A class in C++ contains, following properties; Data Member Method Constructor Block Class and Interface Syntax class class Name data

7 functions ; Object: Object is a instance of class, object has state and behaviors. An Object in C++ has three characteristics: State Behavior Identity Syntax Class Name objectvariablename; 3. Write a C++ program to display your name using control statements. #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() char a; cout << "Enter an name: "; cin >> a; for(int i=0;i<a;i++) cout << "Name is:"<<a<<endl; return 0;

8 4. Define Constructor. [A/M-15] A constructor is a kind of member function that initializes an instance of its class. A constructor has the same name as the class and no return value. A constructor can have any number of parameters and a class may have any number of overloaded constructors. Part B ((1*16) +1 for Presentation = 17) 1. a) Write a C++ program to reverse the numbers using class and objects[m/j 16] #include<iostream> (8) (8) using namespace std; class rev private: int n,n1,rn=0,d; public: void input(); void calc(); void display(); ; void rev::input() cout<<"enter a number.:"; cin>>n; void rev::calc()

9 n1=n; while(n>0) d=n%10; rn=(rn*10)+d; n/=10; void rev::display() cout<<"reverse of "<<n1<<" is "<<rn; int main () rev r; r.input(); r.calc(); r.display(); b) Explain in detail, constructor and destructor with example. [N/D-14] The Class Constructor A class constructor is a special member function of a class that is executed whenever we create new objects of that class. A constructor will have exact same name as the class and it does not have any

10 return type at all, not even void. Constructors can be very useful for setting initial values for certain member variables. Example Program Parameterized Constructor A default constructor does not have any parameter, but if you need, a constructor can have parameters. This helps you to assign initial value to an object at the time of its creation as shown in the following example: The Class Destructor A destructor is a special member function of a class that is executed whenever an object of it's class goes out of scope or whenever the delete expression is applied to a pointer to the object of that class. A destructor will have exact same name as the class prefixed with a tilde (~) and it can neither return a value nor can it take any parameters. Destructor can be very useful for releasing resources before coming out of the program like closing files, releasing memories etc. Following example explains the concept of destructor: #include <iostream> using namespace std; class Line public: void setlength( double len ); double getlength( void ); Line(); // This is the constructor declaration ~Line(); // This is the destructor: declaration ; private: double length;

11 // Member functions definitions including constructor Line::Line(void) cout << "Object is being created" << endl; Line::~Line(void) cout << "Object is being deleted" << endl; void Line::setLength( double len ) length = len; double Line::getLength( void ) return length; // Main function for the program int main( ) Line line; // set line length line.setlength(6.0); cout << "Length of line : " << line.getlength() <<endl; return 0; When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result: Object is being created

12 Length of line : 6 Object is being deleted. ***** ALL THE BEST *****

Constructor - example

Constructor - example Constructors A constructor is a special member function whose task is to initialize the objects of its class. It is special because its name is same as the class name. The constructor is invoked whenever