PYTHON. Values and Variables
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1 December Naveen Sagayaselvaraj PYTHON Values and Variables
2 Overview Integer Values Variables and Assignment Identifiers Floating-point Types User Input The eval Function Controlling the print Function Control Codes within Strings 2
3 Integer Values The number four (5) is an example of a numeric value. In mathematics, 4 is an integer value. Integers are whole numbers, which means they have no fractional parts, and they can be positive, negative, or zero. Examples of integers include 4, 19, 0, and In contrast, 4.5 is not an integer, since it is not a whole number. Python supports a number of numeric and non-numeric values. In particular, Python programs can use integer values 3
4 Variables and Assignment x = 10 This is an assignment statement. An assignment statement associates a value with a variable. The key to an assignment statement is the symbol = which is known as the assignment operator. The statement assigns the integer value 10 to the variable x. Said another way, this statement binds the variable named x to the value 10. At this point the type of x is int because it is bound to an integer value. A variable may be assigned and reassigned as often as necessary. The type of a variable will change if it is reassigned an expression of a different type. print(x) This statement prints the variable x s current value. Note that the lack of quotation marks here is very important. If x has the value 10, the statement 4
5 Identifiers While mathematicians are content with giving their variables one-letter names like x, programmers should use longer, more descriptive variable names. Names such as sum, height, and sub_total are much better than the equally permissible s, h, and st. Identifiers have the following form: Identifiers must contain at least one character. The first character must be an alphabetic letter (upper or lower case) or the underscore ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz_ The remaining characters (if any) may be alphabetic characters (upper or lower case), the underscore, or a digit ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz_ No other characters (including spaces) are permitted in identifiers. A reserved word cannot be used as an identifier 5
6 Cont. -Keyword 6
7 Floating-point Types Many computational tasks require numbers that have fractional parts. For example, to compute the area of a circle given the circle s radius, the value π, or approximately is used. Python supports such noninteger numbers, and they are called floating point numbers. The name implies that during mathematical calculations the decimal point can move or float to various positions within the number to maintain the proper number of significant digits. The Python name for the floating-point type is float. 7
8 Control Codes within Strings Control codes control the way text is rendered in a console window or paper printer. The backslash symbol (\) signifies that the character that follows it is a control code, not a literal character. The string \n thus contains a single control code. The backslash is known as the escape symbol, and in this case we say the n symbol is escaped. The \n control code represents the newline control code which moves the text cursor down to the next line in the console window. 8
9 Cont. Since the backslash serves as the escape symbol, in order to embed a literal backslash within a string you must use two backslashes in succession print("d:\\games\\fifa 12") 9
10 User Input Programs may use the input function to obtain information from the user The simplest use of the input function assigns a string to a variable: x = input() user input almost always requires a message to the user about the expected input, the input function optionally accepts a string that it prints just before the program stops to wait for the user to respond. y=input('enter the second number') 10
11 The eval Function Python provides the eval function that attempts to evaluate a string in the same way that the interactive shell would evaluate it The eval function dynamically translates the text provided by the user into an executable form that the program can process. This allows users to provide input in a variety of flexible ways; for example, users can enter multiple entries separated by commas, and the eval function evaluates it as a Python tuple 11
12 Controlling the print Function The print function as we have seen so far always prints a line of text, and then the cursor moves down to the next line so any future printing appears on the next line. The print statement accepts an additional argument that allows the cursor to remain on the same line as the printed text: print( Enter the first number:', end='') The expression end= is known as a keyword argument. The term keyword here means something different from the term keyword used to mean a reserved word. 12
13 Questions & Discussion 13
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