Static Members. OOC 4 th Sem, B Div Prof. Mouna M. Naravani
|
|
- Dwayne Singleton
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Static Members OOC 4 th Sem, B Div Prof. Mouna M. Naravani
2 Static Data Members Static data members hold global data that is common to all objects of the class. Ex: count of objects currently present, common data accessed by all objects, etc. Ex: We want all objects of a class to calculate interest at the rate of 4.5%. This data should be globally available to all objects of a class. 2 problems: i] This data cannot be a member of any object, because same value would have to be maintained for this data in all objects, which takes unnecessary space. ii] This data should not be stored in a global variable. Even non-member functions will be able to access this data.
3 Storing the data in a static variable of the class resolves this conflict. Static data members are members of the class(also called as class variables) and not of any object of the class, that is they are not contained inside any object. Declaration of static data member: by using the keyword static static data_type variable_name; Ex: class Account }; static float interest_rate; //a static data member
4 When a static data member is declared inside a class, memory will not be allocated for it. Moreover, memory for a static data member will not get allocated when objects of the class are declared. This is because a static data member is not a member of any object. In order to allocate memory for static data member, it must be explicitly defined outside the class. Syntax: data_type class_name : : variable_name; Ex: float Account : : interest_rate; //memory is allocated, defined outside the class There is only one copy of static data member in the memory.(for all the objects of a class) Static data members do not increase the size of objects of the class.
5 class Account }; static float interest_rate; //a static data member float Account : : interest_rate; //memory is allocated, defined outside the class The above statement initializes interest_rate to zero(by default). You can also assign different value to static data member(if needed).
6 class Account }; static float interest_rate; //a static data member float Account : : interest_rate = 4.5; //memory is allocated, defined outside the class, //initialized with 4.5 Making static data members private prevents any change from non-member functions as only member functions can change the value of static data members.
7 Static data members can be of any type. Ex: class Account static float interest_rate; static char name[30]; }; float Account : : interest_rate = 4.5; char Account : : name = The Rich and Poor Bank ;
8 Static data members of integer type can be initialized within the class itself if the need arises. Ex: class Account static int namelength = 30; //static int type, initialized within class static char name[namelength]; }; int Account : : namelength; char Account : : name = The Rich and Poor Bank ;
9 The static data member that has been initialized inside the class must be still defined outside the class to allocate memory for it. Once the initial value has been supplied within the class, the static data member must not be re-initialized when it is defined. Non-integer static data members cannot be initialized within the class. Ex: class Account }; static char name[30] = The Rich and Poor Bank ; //ERROR
10 One static data member can directly refer to another without using the scope resolution operator. Ex: class Account static int namelength = 30; static char name[namelength]; };
11 Member functions can refer to static data members directly. Ex: class Account static float interest_rate; public: void updatebalance(); }; float Account : : interest_rate = 4.5; void Acount : : updatebalance() if(end_of_year) balance + = balanace * interest_rate /100; }
12 There are some things static data members can do but non-static data members cannot. 1. A static data member can be of the same type as the class of which it is a member.
13 2. Static data members can appear as the default value for the formal arguments of member functions of its class. StaticDataMember.cpp
14 Static Member Functions A member function that is declared static has the following properties: A static function can have access to only other static members (functions or variables) declared in the same class. Prefixing the function prototype with the keyword static specifies it as a static member function. Ex: static return_type function_name(arguments if any); The keyword static should not reappear in the definition of the function. A static member function can be called using the class name(instead of its objects) as follows: class_name : : static_function_name();
15 Ex: class Account static float interest_rate; public: static void set_interest_rate(float); }; float Account : : interest_rate = 4.5; void Account : : set_interest_rate(float p) interest_rate = p; } static void set_interest_rate(float) }
16 The function can be called directly without an object. Account : : set_interest_rate(5); Accessing non-static data members through a static member function results in compile time errors. Static functions can access only static data members of the class. Static member functions can still be called with respect to objects. Account a1; a1. set_interest_rate(5); StaticMemberFunction.cpp
17 References Sourav Sahay, Objected Oriented Programming with C++ E Balagurusamy, Objected Oriented Programming with C++
18
Friend Functions. OOC 4 th Sem, B Div Prof. Mouna M. Naravani
Friend Functions OOC 4 th Sem, B Div 2016-17 Prof. Mouna M. Naravani It has been emphasized that the private members cannot be accessed from outside the class. That is, a non-member function cannot have
More informationConstructors and Destructors. OOC 4 th Sem, B Div Prof. Mouna M. Naravani
Constructors and Destructors OOC 4 th Sem, B Div 2016-17 Prof. Mouna M. Naravani A constructor guarantees that an object created by the class will be initialized automatically. Ex: create an object integer
More informationNamespaces. OOC 4 th Sem, B Div Prof. Mouna M. Naravani
Namespaces OOC 4 th Sem, B Div 2016-17 Prof. Mouna M. Naravani using namespace std; We have been using the above statement in our programs. The using namespace statement specifies that the members defined
More informationModule - 3 Classes, Inheritance, Exceptions, Packages and Interfaces. OOC 4 th Sem, B Div Prof. Mouna M. Naravani
Module - 3 Classes, Inheritance, Exceptions, Packages and Interfaces OOC 4 th Sem, B Div 2016-17 Prof. Mouna M. Naravani Introducing Classes A class defines a new data type (User defined data type). This
More informationData Types, Variables and Arrays. OOC 4 th Sem, B Div Prof. Mouna M. Naravani
Data Types, Variables and Arrays OOC 4 th Sem, B Div 2016-17 Prof. Mouna M. Naravani Identifiers in Java Identifiers are the names of variables, methods, classes, packages and interfaces. Identifiers must
More informationObject Oriented Programming. C++ 6 th Sem, A Div Ms. Mouna M. Naravani
Object Oriented Programming C++ 6 th Sem, A Div 2018-19 Ms. Mouna M. Naravani Object Oriented Programming (OOP) removes some of the flaws encountered in POP. In OOPs, the primary focus is on data rather
More informationSimple Java Programs. OOC 4 th Sem, B Div Prof. Mouna M. Naravani
Simple Java Programs OOC 4 th Sem, B Div 2016-17 Prof. Mouna M. Naravani /* */ A First Simple Program This is a simple Java program. Call this file "Example.java". class Example { } // Your program begins
More informationProgramming in C. main. Level 2. Level 2 Level 2. Level 3 Level 3
Programming in C main Level 2 Level 2 Level 2 Level 3 Level 3 1 Programmer-Defined Functions Modularize with building blocks of programs Divide and Conquer Construct a program from smaller pieces or components
More informationChapter 3 Function Overloading
Chapter 3 Function Overloading Function Overloading. Calling Overloaded Function. Function Overloading When Several Function declaration are specified for a single function name in the same scope, the
More informationClasses. Logical method to organise data and functions in a same structure. Also known as abstract data type (ADT).
UNITII Classes Logical method to organise data and functions in a same structure. Also known as abstract data type (ADT). It s a User Defined Data-type. The Data declared in a Class are called Data- Members
More informationIntroduction To C#.NET
Introduction To C#.NET Microsoft.Net was formerly known as Next Generation Windows Services(NGWS).It is a completely new platform for developing the next generation of windows/web applications. However
More informationCS 2530 INTERMEDIATE COMPUTING
CS 2530 INTERMEDIATE COMPUTING Spring 2018 1-24-2018 Michael J. Holmes University of Northern Iowa Today s topic: Writing classes. 1 Die Objects A die has physical attributes: a specific Number of Sides
More informationImplementing Abstract Data Types (ADT) using Classes
Implementing Abstract Data Types (ADT) using Classes Class Definition class classname { public: //public member functions private: //private data members and member functions }; // Note the semicolon!
More information1. Describe History of C++? 2. What is Dev. C++? 3. Why Use Dev. C++ instead of C++ DOS IDE?
1. Describe History of C++? The C++ programming language has a history going back to 1979, when Bjarne Stroustrup was doing work for his Ph.D. thesis. One of the languages Stroustrup had the opportunity
More informationObject Oriented Programming(OOP).
Object Oriented Programming(OOP). OOP terminology: Class : A class is a way to bind data and its associated function together. It allows the data to be hidden. class Crectangle Data members length; breadth;
More informationObject-Oriented Programming. Chapter 4
Data Structures Dr Ahmed Rafat Abas Computer Science Dept, Faculty of Computer and Information, Zagazig University arabas@zu.edu.eg http://www.arsaliem.faculty.zu.edu.eg/ Object-Oriented Programming Chapter
More informationSTUDENT LESSON A5 Designing and Using Classes
STUDENT LESSON A5 Designing and Using Classes 1 STUDENT LESSON A5 Designing and Using Classes INTRODUCTION: This lesson discusses how to design your own classes. This can be the most challenging part of
More informationIntroduction to Programming Using Java (98-388)
Introduction to Programming Using Java (98-388) Understand Java fundamentals Describe the use of main in a Java application Signature of main, why it is static; how to consume an instance of your own class;
More informationOBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING USING C++ CSCI Object Oriented Analysis and Design By Manali Torpe
OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING USING C++ CSCI 5448- Object Oriented Analysis and Design By Manali Torpe Fundamentals of OOP Class Object Encapsulation Abstraction Inheritance Polymorphism Reusability C++
More informationb. array s first element address c. base address of an array d. all elements of an array e. both b and c 9. An array elements are always stored in a.
UNIT IV 1. Appropriately comment on the following declaration int a[20]; a. Array declaration b. array initialization c. pointer array declaration d. integer array of size 20 2. Appropriately comment on
More informationModule 5 The Applet Class, Swings. OOC 4 th Sem, B Div Prof. Mouna M. Naravani
Module 5 The Applet Class, Swings OOC 4 th Sem, B Div 2016-17 Prof. Mouna M. Naravani The HTML APPLET Tag An applet viewer will execute each APPLET tag that it finds in a separate window, while web browsers
More informationChapter-8 DATA TYPES. Introduction. Variable:
Chapter-8 DATA TYPES Introduction To understand any programming languages we need to first understand the elementary concepts which form the building block of that program. The basic building blocks include
More informationCS201- Introduction to Programming Current Quizzes
CS201- Introduction to Programming Current Quizzes Q.1 char name [] = Hello World ; In the above statement, a memory of characters will be allocated 13 11 12 (Ans) Q.2 A function is a block of statements
More informationCOMS W3101 Programming Language: C++ (Fall 2016) Ramana Isukapalli
COMS W3101 Programming Language: C++ (Fall 2016) ramana@cs.columbia.edu Lecture-2 Overview of C C++ Functions Structures Pointers Design, difference with C Concepts of Object oriented Programming Concept
More informationPOINTERS - Pointer is a variable that holds a memory address of another variable of same type. - It supports dynamic allocation routines. - It can improve the efficiency of certain routines. C++ Memory
More informationJAVA GUI PROGRAMMING REVISION TOUR III
1. In java, methods reside in. (a) Function (b) Library (c) Classes (d) Object JAVA GUI PROGRAMMING REVISION TOUR III 2. The number and type of arguments of a method are known as. (a) Parameter list (b)
More informationC++ & Object Oriented Programming Concepts The procedural programming is the standard approach used in many traditional computer languages such as BASIC, C, FORTRAN and PASCAL. The procedural programming
More informationIMPORTANT QUESTIONS IN C FOR THE INTERVIEW
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS IN C FOR THE INTERVIEW 1. What is a header file? Header file is a simple text file which contains prototypes of all in-built functions, predefined variables and symbolic constants.
More informationBASIC ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER PROGRAM
BASIC ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER PROGRAM CSC128 FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER PROBLEM SOLVING LOGO Contents 1 Identifier 2 3 Rules for naming and declaring data variables Basic data types 4 Arithmetic operators
More informationDownloaded S. from Kiran, PGT (CS) KV, Malleswaram STRUCTURES. Downloaded from
Downloaded S. from Kiran, www.studiestoday.com PGT (CS) KV, STRUCTURES WHAT IS A STRUCTURE? Structure is a collection of logically related data. It is also a collection of dissimilar datatype. Downloaded
More informationStarting Savitch Chapter 10. A class is a data type whose variables are objects. Some pre-defined classes in C++ include int,
Classes Starting Savitch Chapter 10 l l A class is a data type whose variables are objects Some pre-defined classes in C++ include int, char, ifstream Of course, you can define your own classes too A class
More informationChapter 10 Introduction to Classes
C++ for Engineers and Scientists Third Edition Chapter 10 Introduction to Classes CSc 10200! Introduction to Computing Lecture 20-21 Edgardo Molina Fall 2013 City College of New York 2 Objectives In this
More informationObject Oriented Programming. Assistant Lecture Omar Al Khayat 2 nd Year
Object Oriented Programming Assistant Lecture Omar Al Khayat 2 nd Year Syllabus Overview of C++ Program Principles of object oriented programming including classes Introduction to Object-Oriented Paradigm:Structures
More informationModule Operator Overloading and Type Conversion. Table of Contents
1 Module - 33 Operator Overloading and Type Conversion Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Operator Overloading 3. this pointer 4. Overloading Unary Operators 5. Overloading Binary Operators 6. Overloading
More informationFunctions in C++ Problem-Solving Procedure With Modular Design C ++ Function Definition: a single
Functions in C++ Problem-Solving Procedure With Modular Design: Program development steps: Analyze the problem Develop a solution Code the solution Test/Debug the program C ++ Function Definition: A module
More informationQUIZ. 1. Explain the meaning of the angle brackets in the declaration of v below:
QUIZ 1. Explain the meaning of the angle brackets in the declaration of v below: This is a template, used for generic programming! QUIZ 2. Why is the vector class called a container? 3. Explain how the
More informationC LANGUAGE AND ITS DIFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS
C LANGUAGE AND ITS DIFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS Manish Dronacharya College Of Engineering, Maharishi Dayanand University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India III. Abstract- C Language History: The C programming language
More informationData Structures using OOP C++ Lecture 3
References: th 1. E Balagurusamy, Object Oriented Programming with C++, 4 edition, McGraw-Hill 2008. 2. Robert L. Kruse and Alexander J. Ryba, Data Structures and Program Design in C++, Prentice-Hall 2000.
More informationCOMS W3101 Programming Language: C++ (Fall 2015) Ramana Isukapalli
COMS W3101 Programming Language: C++ (Fall 2015) ramana@cs.columbia.edu Lecture-2 Overview of C continued C character arrays Functions Structures Pointers C++ string class C++ Design, difference with C
More informationCOMS W3101 Programming Language: C++ (Fall 2015) Ramana Isukapalli
COMS W3101 Programming Language: C++ (Fall 2015) ramana@cs.columbia.edu Lecture-2 Overview of C continued C character arrays Functions Structures Pointers C++ string class C++ Design, difference with C
More information[0569] p 0318 garbage
A Pointer is a variable which contains the address of another variable. Declaration syntax: Pointer_type *pointer_name; This declaration will create a pointer of the pointer_name which will point to the
More informationObject Oriented Design
Object Oriented Design Lecture 3: Introduction to C++ (Continue) Examples using declarations that eliminate the need to repeat the std:: prefix 1 Examples using namespace std; enables a program to use
More informationChapter 10 Defining Classes
Chapter 10 Defining Classes What Is a Class? A class is a data type whose variables are objects Some pre-defined data types you have used are int char You can define your own classes define your own types
More informationTechnical Questions. Q 1) What are the key features in C programming language?
Technical Questions Q 1) What are the key features in C programming language? Portability Platform independent language. Modularity Possibility to break down large programs into small modules. Flexibility
More informationDECLARAING AND INITIALIZING POINTERS
DECLARAING AND INITIALIZING POINTERS Passing arguments Call by Address Introduction to Pointers Within the computer s memory, every stored data item occupies one or more contiguous memory cells (i.e.,
More informationIntroduction to C++ Friends, Nesting, Static Members, and Templates Topic #7
Introduction to C++ Friends, Nesting, Static Members, and Templates Topic #7 CS202 7-1 Relationship of Objects Friends, Nesting Static Members Template Functions and Classes Reusing Code Template Specializations
More informationLecture 18 Tao Wang 1
Lecture 18 Tao Wang 1 Abstract Data Types in C++ (Classes) A procedural program consists of one or more algorithms that have been written in computerreadable language Input and display of program output
More informationC++ 8. Constructors and Destructors
8. Constructors and Destructors C++ 1. When an instance of a class comes into scope, the function that executed is. a) Destructors b) Constructors c) Inline d) Friend 2. When a class object goes out of
More informationDarshan Institute of Engineering & Technology for Diploma Studies
1. Explain Call by Value vs. Call by Reference Or Write a program to interchange (swap) value of two variables. Call By Value In call by value pass value, when we call the function. And copy this value
More informationLecture 3 Tao Wang 1
Lecture 3 Tao Wang 1 Objectives In this chapter, you will learn about: Arithmetic operations Variables and declaration statements Program input using the cin object Common programming errors C++ for Engineers
More informationOOPs Concepts. 1. Data Hiding 2. Encapsulation 3. Abstraction 4. Is-A Relationship 5. Method Signature 6. Polymorphism 7. Constructors 8.
OOPs Concepts 1. Data Hiding 2. Encapsulation 3. Abstraction 4. Is-A Relationship 5. Method Signature 6. Polymorphism 7. Constructors 8. Type Casting Let us discuss them in detail: 1. Data Hiding: Every
More informationCS242 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
CS242 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING I.Safa a Alawneh Variables Outline 2 Data Type C++ Built-in Data Types o o o o bool Data Type char Data Type int Data Type Floating-Point Data Types Variable Declaration Initializing
More informationM.CS201 Programming language
Power Engineering School M.CS201 Programming language Lecture 4 Lecturer: Prof. Dr. T.Uranchimeg Agenda How a Function Works Function Prototype Structured Programming Local Variables Return value 2 Function
More information3.Constructors and Destructors. Develop cpp program to implement constructor and destructor.
3.Constructors and Destructors Develop cpp program to implement constructor and destructor. Constructors A constructor is a special member function whose task is to initialize the objects of its class.
More informationChapter 9 Objects and Classes. Liang, Introduction to C++ Programming, (c) 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 9 Objects and Classes 1 Objectives Classes & Objects ( 9.2). UML ( 9.2). Constructors ( 9.3). How to declare a class & create an object ( 9.4). Separate a class declaration from a class implementation
More informationModule 4 Multi threaded Programming, Event Handling. OOC 4 th Sem, B Div Prof. Mouna M. Naravani
Module 4 Multi threaded Programming, Event Handling OOC 4 th Sem, B Div 2016-17 Prof. Mouna M. Naravani Event Handling Any program that uses a graphical user interface, such as a Java application written
More informationArray. Prepared By - Rifat Shahriyar
Java More Details Array 2 Arrays A group of variables containing values that all have the same type Arrays are fixed length entities In Java, arrays are objects, so they are considered reference types
More informationOBJECT ORİENTATİON ENCAPSULATİON
OBJECT ORİENTATİON Software development can be seen as a modeling activity. The first step in the software development is the modeling of the problem we are trying to solve and building the conceptual
More informationAN OVERVIEW OF C, PART 3. CSE 130: Introduction to Programming in C Stony Brook University
AN OVERVIEW OF C, PART 3 CSE 130: Introduction to Programming in C Stony Brook University FANCIER OUTPUT FORMATTING Recall that you can insert a text field width value into a printf() format specifier:
More informationCSE 230 Intermediate Programming in C and C++ Functions
CSE 230 Intermediate Programming in C and C++ Functions Fall 2017 Stony Brook University Instructor: Shebuti Rayana shebuti.rayana@stonybrook.edu http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~cse230/ Concept of Functions
More informationPadasalai.Net s Model Question Paper
Padasalai.Net s Model Question Paper STD: XII VOLUME - 2 MARKS: 150 SUB: COMPUTER SCIENCE TIME: 3 HRS PART I Choose the correct answer: 75 X 1 = 75 1. Which of the following is an object oriented programming
More informationPointers, Dynamic Data, and Reference Types
Pointers, Dynamic Data, and Reference Types Review on Pointers Reference Variables Dynamic Memory Allocation The new operator The delete operator Dynamic Memory Allocation for Arrays 1 C++ Data Types simple
More informationChapter 6: User-Defined Functions. Objectives (cont d.) Objectives. Introduction. Predefined Functions 12/2/2016
Chapter 6: User-Defined Functions Objectives In this chapter, you will: Learn about standard (predefined) functions Learn about user-defined functions Examine value-returning functions Construct and use
More information15 FUNCTIONS IN C 15.1 INTRODUCTION
15 FUNCTIONS IN C 15.1 INTRODUCTION In the earlier lessons we have already seen that C supports the use of library functions, which are used to carry out a number of commonly used operations or calculations.
More informationName: Username: I. 20. Section: II. p p p III. p p p p Total 100. CMSC 202 Section 06 Fall 2015
CMSC 202 Section 06 Fall 2015 Computer Science II Midterm Exam I Name: Username: Score Max Section: (check one) 07 - Sushant Athley, Tuesday 11:30am 08 - Aishwarya Bhide, Thursday 11:30am 09 - Phanindra
More informationJayaram college of Engineering and Technology, Pagalavadi. CS2203 Object Oriented Programming Question Bank Prepared By: S.Gopalakrishnan, Lecturer/IT
CS2203 Object Oriented Programming Question Bank Prepared By: S.Gopalakrishnan, Lecturer/IT Two Mark Questions UNIT - I 1. DEFINE ENCAPSULATION. Encapsulation is the process of combining data and functions
More informationIntroduction to C++ Introduction. Structure of a C++ Program. Structure of a C++ Program. C++ widely-used general-purpose programming language
Introduction C++ widely-used general-purpose programming language procedural and object-oriented support strong support created by Bjarne Stroustrup starting in 1979 based on C Introduction to C++ also
More informationFundamentals of Programming Session 12
Fundamentals of Programming Session 12 Instructor: Reza Entezari-Maleki Email: entezari@ce.sharif.edu 1 Fall 2014 These slides have been created using Deitel s slides Sharif University of Technology Outlines
More informationB.V. Patel Institute of Business Management, Computer & Information Technology, Uka Tarsadia University
Unit 1 Programming Language and Overview of C 1. State whether the following statements are true or false. a. Every line in a C program should end with a semicolon. b. In C language lowercase letters are
More informationIntroduction to C++ with content from
Introduction to C++ with content from www.cplusplus.com 2 Introduction C++ widely-used general-purpose programming language procedural and object-oriented support strong support created by Bjarne Stroustrup
More informationVariables Data types Variable I/O. C introduction. Variables. Variables 1 / 14
C introduction Variables Variables 1 / 14 Contents Variables Data types Variable I/O Variables 2 / 14 Usage Declaration: t y p e i d e n t i f i e r ; Assignment: i d e n t i f i e r = v a l u e ; Definition
More informationObject oriented programming C++
http://uranchimeg.com Object oriented programming C++ T.Uranchimeg Prof. Dr. Email uranchimeg@must.edu.mn Power Engineering School M.EC203* -- OOP (C++) -- Lecture 07 Subjects Pointers Pointer and array
More informationUnit 7. Functions. Need of User Defined Functions
Unit 7 Functions Functions are the building blocks where every program activity occurs. They are self contained program segments that carry out some specific, well defined task. Every C program must have
More informationDepartment of Computer science and Engineering Sub. Name: Object oriented programming and data structures Sub. Code: EC6301 Sem/Class: III/II-ECE Staff name: M.Kavipriya Two Mark Questions UNIT-1 1. List
More informationMore About Objects and Methods
More About Objects and Methods Harald Gall, Prof. Dr. Institut für Informatik Universität Zürich http://seal.ifi.uzh.ch/info1 Objectives! learn more techniques for programming with classes and objects!
More informationMore About Objects and Methods. Objectives. Outline. Harald Gall, Prof. Dr. Institut für Informatik Universität Zürich.
More About Objects and Methods Harald Gall, Prof. Dr. Institut für Informatik Universität Zürich http://seal.ifi.uzh.ch/info1 Objectives! learn more techniques for programming with classes and objects!
More informationFunctions. Lab 4. Introduction: A function : is a collection of statements that are grouped together to perform an operation.
Lab 4 Functions Introduction: A function : is a collection of statements that are grouped together to perform an operation. The following is its format: type name ( parameter1, parameter2,...) { statements
More informationObject-Oriented Programming
Object-Oriented Programming In C++ classes provide the functionality necessary to use object-oriented programming OOP is a particular way of organizing computer programs It doesn t allow you to do anything
More informationdata_type variable_name = value; Here value is optional because in java, you can declare the variable first and then later assign the value to it.
Introduction to JAVA JAVA is a programming language which is used in Android App Development. It is class based and object oriented programming whose syntax is influenced by C++. The primary goals of JAVA
More informationIntroduction to C programming. By Avani M. Sakhapara Asst Professor, IT Dept, KJSCE
Introduction to C programming By Avani M. Sakhapara Asst Professor, IT Dept, KJSCE Classification of Software Computer Software System Software Application Software Growth of Programming Languages History
More informationCEN 414 Java Programming
CEN 414 Java Programming Instructor: H. Esin ÜNAL SPRING 2017 Slides are modified from original slides of Y. Daniel Liang WEEK 2 ELEMENTARY PROGRAMMING 2 Computing the Area of a Circle public class ComputeArea
More informationObject Oriented Design
Object Oriented Design Chapter 9 Initializing a non-static data member in the class definition is a syntax error 1 9.2 Time Class Case Study In Fig. 9.1, the class definition is enclosed in the following
More informationChapter 7 - Notes User-Defined Functions II
Chapter 7 - Notes User-Defined Functions II I. VOID Functions ( The use of a void function is done as a stand alone statement.) A. Void Functions without Parameters 1. Syntax: void functionname ( void
More informationC Programming for Engineers Functions
C Programming for Engineers Functions ICEN 360 Spring 2017 Prof. Dola Saha 1 Introduction Real world problems are larger, more complex Top down approach Modularize divide and control Easier to track smaller
More informationI Internal Examination Sept Class: - BCA I Subject: - Principles of Programming Lang. (BCA 104) MM: 40 Set: A Time: 1 ½ Hrs.
I Internal Examination Sept. 2018 Class: - BCA I Subject: - Principles of Programming Lang. (BCA 104) MM: 40 Set: A Time: 1 ½ Hrs. [I]Very short answer questions (Max 40 words). (5 * 2 = 10) 1. What is
More informationINITIALISING POINTER VARIABLES; DYNAMIC VARIABLES; OPERATIONS ON POINTERS
INITIALISING POINTER VARIABLES; DYNAMIC VARIABLES; OPERATIONS ON POINTERS Pages 792 to 800 Anna Rakitianskaia, University of Pretoria INITIALISING POINTER VARIABLES Pointer variables are declared by putting
More informationVARIABLES. 1. STRINGS Data with letters and/or characters 2. INTEGERS Numbers without decimals 3. FLOATING POINT NUMBERS Numbers with decimals
VARIABLES WHAT IS A VARIABLE? A variable is a storage location in the computer s memory, used for holding information while the program is running. The information that is stored in a variable may change,
More informationChapter 6 Structures and Classes. GEDB030 Computer Programming for Engineers Fall 2017 Euiseong Seo
Chapter 6 Structures and Classes 1 Learning Objectives Structures Structure types Structures as function arguments Initializing structures Classes Defining, member functions Public and private members
More informationC++ : Object Oriented Features. What makes C++ Object Oriented
C++ : Object Oriented Features What makes C++ Object Oriented Encapsulation in C++ : Classes In C++, a package of data + processes == class A class is a user defined data type Variables of a class are
More informationC++ (classes) Hwansoo Han
C++ (classes) Hwansoo Han Inheritance Relation among classes shape, rectangle, triangle, circle, shape rectangle triangle circle 2 Base Class: shape Members of a class Methods : rotate(), move(), Shape(),
More informationJAYARAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Pagalavadi, Tiruchirappalli (An approved by AICTE and Affiliated to Anna University)
Estd: 1994 JAYARAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Pagalavadi, Tiruchirappalli - 621014 (An approved by AICTE and Affiliated to Anna University) ISO 9001:2000 Certified Subject Code & Name : CS 1202
More informationPointer Basics. Lecture 13 COP 3014 Spring March 28, 2018
Pointer Basics Lecture 13 COP 3014 Spring 2018 March 28, 2018 What is a Pointer? A pointer is a variable that stores a memory address. Pointers are used to store the addresses of other variables or memory
More informationCSCI 171 Chapter Outlines
Contents CSCI 171 Chapter 1 Overview... 2 CSCI 171 Chapter 2 Programming Components... 3 CSCI 171 Chapter 3 (Sections 1 4) Selection Structures... 5 CSCI 171 Chapter 3 (Sections 5 & 6) Iteration Structures
More informationAdvanced Computer Programming
Hazırlayan Yard. Doç. Dr. Mehmet Fidan Functions are integrities of variables and expressions that are used to fulfill a job. They take definite parameter types and have definite return types. They can
More informationComputational Expression
Computational Expression Variables, Primitive Data Types, Expressions Janyl Jumadinova 28-30 January, 2019 Janyl Jumadinova Computational Expression 28-30 January, 2019 1 / 17 Variables Variable is a name
More informationFunctions. A function is a subprogram that performs a specific task. Functions you know: cout << Hi ; cin >> number;
Function Topic 4 A function is a subprogram that performs a specific task. you know: cout > number; Pre-defined and User-defined Pre-defined Function Is a function that is already defined
More informationProtection Levels and Constructors The 'const' Keyword
Protection Levels and Constructors The 'const' Keyword Review: const Keyword Generally, the keyword const is applied to an identifier (variable) by a programmer to express an intent that the identifier
More informationC++ PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE: CLASSES. CAAM 519, CHAPTER 13
C++ PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE: CLASSES. CAAM 519, CHAPTER 13 This chapter focuses on introducing the notion of classes in the C++ programming language. We describe how to create class and use an object of a
More informationIV Unit Second Part STRUCTURES
STRUCTURES IV Unit Second Part Structure is a very useful derived data type supported in c that allows grouping one or more variables of different data types with a single name. The general syntax of structure
More informationMore on Functions. Lecture 7 COP 3014 Spring February 11, 2018
More on Functions Lecture 7 COP 3014 Spring 2018 February 11, 2018 Function Overloading The term function overloading refers to the way C++ allows more than one function in the same scope to share the
More information