CSCE 110 PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTALS

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1 CSCE 110 PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTALS WITH C++ Prof. Amr Goneid AUC Part 1. Introduction Prof. amr Goneid, AUC 1

2 1. Introduction Software for Problem Solving Software Production Process Top-Down Design Modules Structured Software & Program Design Some Guidelines for Design Example C++ Program & Module Structures Object Oriented Programming Prof. amr Goneid, AUC 2

3 Software for Problem Solving Use of S/W Problem Domain S/W TO Decide, Learn, View & Interact, Play,. Prof. amr Goneid, AUC 3

4 Software Production Process Stages of S/W Production Specify Requirements Solution Strategy S/W Production Problem Definition Maintenance Upgrade S/W Testing Prof. amr Goneid, AUC 4

5 Software Production S/W Design Implementation (Programs) Debugging Performance Analysis / Benchmarks Prof. amr Goneid, AUC 5

6 Top-Down Design Divide and Conquer Strategy. Given problem X (Level 0). Divide it into sub-problems X1, X2,, Xn (Level 1) such that solving X1, then X2, then solves X completely. Repeat for each sub-problem until we reach basic or trivial implementation level. Prof. amr Goneid, AUC 6

7 Top-Down Design Level 0 X 1 X1 X2 X3 Xn 2.. X21 X22 Prof. amr Goneid, AUC 7

8 Modules In C++ Sub-Problem Xi Implemented as Module Xi Main Problem X Implemented as Main Program X Prof. amr Goneid, AUC 8

9 Structured Software Design Design Steps Main & Subs Functional Specs Data Specs Pseudocode Algorithm Specs Prof. amr Goneid, AUC 9

10 Structured Program Design Main Program and Modules X1 Module X2 Module Main Program X1 Data Actions (Algorithms) X2 Data Actions (Algorithms) Main Data Main Manager Prof. amr Goneid, AUC 10

11 Some Guidelines for Design Transparency of Purpose Correctness Completeness Ease of Use Efficiency Writability Maintainability Prof. amr Goneid, AUC 11

12 Example of a Design Document Problem Definition: n projects are to be prioritized according to cost (least cost first). Problem size is n Requirement Specification: - Input(s): n, and list of costs in random order. - Output(s): List of costs in ascending order. Prof. amr Goneid, AUC 12

13 Example(continued) Solution Strategy: 1. Input random List of costs 2. Sort List in ascending order of cost. 3. Print sorted List. S/W Design: Structured (Top-Down) Design: Yields a main module and a sorting module Prof. amr Goneid, AUC 13

14 Example(continued) S/W Design (continued): Functional Specification: Main Module: Input list and its size n Call Sorting module to sort list Output sorted list Sorting Module: Receives list and its size n Returns sorted list Prof. amr Goneid, AUC 14

15 Example(continued) S/W Design (continued): Data Specification: The cost is an integer number. MAX = 100 to represent maximum list size An Array (a) of size MAX to store list. Algorithm Specification: Sorting module uses the algorithm of Selection Sort. Prof. amr Goneid, AUC 15

16 Example(continued) S/W Design (continued): Main Module: 1. Input n. 2. Check that n does not exceed MAX. 3. Input random list into array (a). Items will occupy locations a 0.. a n-1 4. Call sorting module. 5. Output sorted list (a). Prof. amr Goneid, AUC 16

17 Example(continued) S/W Design (continued): Sorting module (Selection Sort): Repeat for list items k from 0 to n-2 1. Consider the sub-array from k to n-1 2. Find location of the smallest element in that sub-array 3. Exchange that element with that at (k) Prof. amr Goneid, AUC 17

18 Example(continued) Implementation Stage: As a C++ Program Prof. amr Goneid, AUC 18

19 C++ Program Structure Compiler Directives { } Used Modules (Functions) Prototypes Main Function Header Main Data Declarations Main Function Actions Used Modules (Functions) are Defined Here Prof. amr Goneid, AUC 19

20 C++ Module (Function) Structure Module (Function) Header { Local Data Declarations } Module Actions (Executable Statements) Prof. amr Goneid, AUC 20

21 Object Oriented Programming Abstraction: Data Model of a physical object or process Methods: Operations (Algorithms) performed on data of an object Class: Entity defining attributes of an object (data and methods) Object: An actual instance of a class Prof. amr Goneid, AUC 21

CSCE 110 PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTALS

CSCE 110 PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTALS WITH C++ Prof. Amr Goneid AUC Part 15. Dictionaries (1): A Key Table Class Prof. amr Goneid, AUC 1 Dictionaries(1): A Key Table Class Prof. Amr Goneid, AUC 2 A Key Table