Introduction to Photography

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Nathaniel Hines
5 years ago
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1 Introduction to Photography

2 The Camera

3 Digital Cameras

4 The Camera (front & top)

5 The Camera (back & bottom)

6 Digital Camera Modes

7 Scene Modes

8 Landscape Photography

9 What makes a good landscape? ography/photo-of-the-day/landscapes/ /oct/21/awards-and-prizes-photography

10 Composition and Spatial Arrangement Subject the focal point is it clear - do I like it Perspective (angle of view) o Horizontal lines more static calm o Diagonals give more movement Leading Lines (to draw the eye in) Focus Unnecessary Clutter Excluded Added interest: o Colour (bright, strong or muted/subtle, monochromatic, B&W) o Shapes o Empty or with people/animals/vehicles etc. (allow space to move) o Silhouettes o Reflections o Shadows/Textures o Atmosphere - (Interesting Skies/Mists/Storms)

11 Light and Shadow Outside the Camera Time of Year Geographical Location Weather Time of Day o Hour after sunrise/before sunset more subtle colours Within Camera Exposure = Aperture x Shutter Speed ISO (sensitivity of sensor to light)

17 Rules: Rule of Thirds helping with composition of photograph Depth of Field controlling the amount of area in focus

18 Rule of Thirds

28 Depth of Field When we take a photo we choose the spot that is perfectly in focus. On either side of this the focus will gradually change. Sometimes this change is not noticeable by the human eye and appears to be acceptably in focus. In a landscape we usually expect everything from the foreground to the background to appear perfectly focussed. Factors affecting depth of field are a combination of lens used and most importantly the aperture.

29 Shallow Depth of Field Large aperture (low f number) Only small area acceptably in focus Blur

everything in focus from foreground to background.

30 Depth of Field Depth of field increases as aperture gets smaller (higher f number), longer shutter speeds maybe required to get enough light for correct exposure, everything in focus from foreground to background. (Hint focus about a third of way into picture not on horizon). Wide angle lens appear to give more depth of field than very long lenses.

31 Effects of a Telephoto Lens 28mm 50mm 70mm 210mm Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons

32 Comparisons of Depth of Field Close-up Portrait Landscape Wide aperture i.e. F2.8 Small aperture i.e. f16

33 Using Aperture to control Depth of Field

34 Impact on Shutter Speed Exposure = Aperture x Shutter Speed So to obtain a set exposure: A small aperture results in a longer shutter speed A large aperture results in a shorter shutter speed A long shutter speed can give rise to camera shake It is a balance between the two

35 Portrait Photography

36 Portrait Photography - Considerations Purpose Background Lighting Subject Position Mood

44 Red Eye

45 Macro (Close Up) Photography

46 Blurring the Background (i.e. area in focus) Depth of Field

47 Magnification

48 Comparison of lenses Focusing Distance (m) Magnification Canon EF 100mm f/2.8 Macro USM Canon EF-S 60mm f/2.8 Macro USM Canon EF-S mm f/ IS mm Canon EF-S 18-55mm f/ IS II Canon EF 24mm f/1.4l II USM Canon EF mm f/ l IS USM (Wide); 0.3 (Tele) Canon EF mm f/ l IS II USM mm

57 Sports Photography

58 Shutter Speed Shutter speed is the amount of time the aperture is open to admit light. Shutter speeds are expressed in fractions of a second i.e. 1/500, 1/250, 1/125, 1/60, 1/30, 1/15, 1/8, ¼, ½, 1, 2, 4, etc Fast shutter speed freeze action Slow shutter speed show action over an extended period blur action. For shutter speeds below 1/60 you will probably need a tripod to avoid camera shake.

Changes in background blurring are apparent as exposure time increases Sparklers

59 Shutter speed Shutter speed can have a dramatic impact on the appearance of moving objects. Changes in background blurring are apparent as exposure time increases Sparklers moved in a circular motion with an exposure time of 4 seconds. This is an example of light painting "Sparklers with a slow shutter speed" by Adam.J.W.C

Photography Basics: Telling a story though the lens

Photography Basics: Telling a story though the lens Knowing your camera Modes A (Green rectangle)- Auto P -Program Mode AV-Aperture Priority TV- Shutter Priority M- Manual A-DEP- Auto Depth of Field Modes