Experiment 4: ACCURACY & PRECISION IN MEASUREMENT
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1 Experiment 4: ACCURACY & PRECISION IN MEASUREMENT Page 43 You will be asked to calculate the error and the percent error in your results as shown in the equations below. Memorize these two equations exactly as shown. You will be using them quite often and be asked the significance of the sign of your error and percent error (whether it is positive or negative). Error = Experimental Value Correct Value Error Percent Error = Correct Value x100 Learn this immediately! A positive error or percent error tells us that the experimental value is too high. A negative value tells us that the experimental value is too low. Page 45 Part I: Density of Water m d where d is the density, m is the mass and V is the volume V Mass is measured on the electronic balance. Volume of a liquid is measured using a graduated cylinder. Volume-Reading Card Figure 4.3 Always remember to read the meniscus at eye-level.
2 EXPERIMENT 4: ACCURACY & PRECISION IN MEASUREMENT Page 47 Data for Part I: Density of Water Room Temp = Density of Water at Room Temp = Number of decimal places in reading 10-mL graduated cylinder = 8 ml Trial 10 ml Trial Mass of cylinder plus water Mass of empty cylinder Calculated Mass of water in cylinder Volume of water in cylinder Part II: Precision of Measuring Volumes Data for Part II A: Effect of Eye-Level on Accuracy of Reading the Volume Eye-Level Above Eye-Level At Eye-Level Below Eye-Level Volume of Water Procedure for Section II B: Precision of Volume Using Various Apparatus Data for Part II B: Precision of Volume Using Various Apparatus Apparatus 10-mL Grad Cylinder 50-mL Grad Cylinder 50-mL Beaker Volume of Water Part III: Density of Marbles (Page 49) Data for Part III: Density of Marbles Mass of beaker + 3 marbles Mass of empty beaker Calculated Mass of the 3 marbles Volume of water + 3 marbles Volume of water Calculated Volume of the 3 marbles Full Name of Operator 1. Yours Correct Value (from instructor) DENSITY OF MARBLES
3 EXPERIMENT 4: ACCURACY & PRECISION IN MEASUREMENT 45 Calculations & Results Name: Lab Sec: Partner s Name: (Write in pencil!) Remember to show calculation setups unless specified otherwise. Part I: Density of Water Calculate the density of water for each trial: Calculate the Average Density of Water: Note: The average value cannot have more precision than the individual values. As a rule of thumb, the average should have the same decimal places as the individual values. Calculate the Error in the Average Density: (Watch your sign and sig. fig.!) Calculate the % Error in the Average Density: (Watch your sign and sig. fig.!) Mass of Water in Cylinder Volume of Water in Cylinder Calculated Density of water Average Density of Water Correct Density of Water Error in the Average Density % Error in the Average Density 8 ml Trial 10 ml Trial
4 EXPERIMENT 4: ACCURACY & PRECISION IN MEASUREMENT Name: Part II A: Effect of Eye-Level on Accuracy of Reading Volumes Assuming that the volume measured at eye-level is the correct value (7.00 ml), calculate the error in the volumes read above and below eye-level. Show calculations in the space below. Error when meniscus is above eye-level: Error when meniscus is below eye-level: Eye-Level Error Above Eye-Level Below Eye-Level Part II B: Precision of Volume Using Various Apparatus Give the number of decimal places you are able to record with each apparatus: Type of Apparatus 10-mL grad cylinder 50-mL grad cylinder 50-mL beaker # of decimal places Part III: Density of Marbles Mass of the 3 marbles = Volume of the 3 marbles = Density of the 3 marbles* = Show calculation setups for the following: *Calculate for the density of the 3 marbles: Calculate the Average Density from the class data: (Record answer on the next page.) Calculate the Error in the Average Density: (Record answer on the next page.) Calculate the % Error in the Average Density: (Record answer on the next page.)
5 EXPERIMENT 4: ACCURACY & PRECISION IN MEASUREMENT 47 CLASS DATA ON DENSITY OF MARBLES Name: FULL Name of Operator Yours DENSITY OF MARBLES Average Density Correct Density (from instructor*) Error in Average Density % Error in Average Density *You MUST get this from your instructor and not copy from another student.
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