The SIM Turns 20. Dr. Klaus Vedder. Chairman ETSI TC SCP. 3rd ETSI Security WS Sophia Antipolis, France January 2008

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1 The SIM Turns 20 Dr. Klaus Vedder Chairman ETSI TC SCP Footer text (edit in View : Header and Footer) 3rd ETSI Security WS Sophia Antipolis, France January 2008

2 World Class Standards ETSI TC SCP, the Smart Card Committee 20 Years of Dedication and Real-life Experience Founded in March 2000 as the successor of SMG9, the people which specified the most successful smart card application ever with over 3 billion subscribers using one or more of the 10 billion SIMs, USIMs and R-UIMs delivered to the market The Mission Create a series of specifications for a smart card platform, based on real-life (outside) requirements, on which other bodies can base their system specific applications to achieve compatibility between all applications resident on the smart card 3 rd ETSI Security WS 2

3 World Class Standards The SIM "A SIM is the physically secured module which contains the IMSI, an authentication algorithm, the authentication key and other (security related) information and functions. The basic function of the SIM is to authenticate the subscriber identity in order to prevent misuse of the MS (Mobile Station) and the network." From the report of SIMEG#1, The Hague, January 1988 Plug-in SIM carrier Telemig, Brazil, rd ETSI Security WS 3

4 The SIM in 1988 World Class Standards The ID-1 card used by Deutsche Telekom in their analogue network Option 1: "IC card" Option 2: "Fixed" Option 3: "Removable" Software SIM fully incorporated into the handset OS Rejected due to security concerns and less flexibility x x x x x vs 24 pin DIL x with 8 pins connected 3 rd ETSI Security WS 4

5 World Class Standards The SIM - A Removable Security Module The SIM: Providing the security issuer specific authentication algorithm issuer specific algorithm for cipher key generation security management specified by issuer The SIM: Providing universal plastic roaming keeping your identity when changing terminal or technology The SIM: Freeing the mobile of the burden of the subscription terminal does not contain any subscription data creating a global terminal market bigger choice for the customer through more competition The SIM became the driver of smart card technology 3 rd ETSI Security WS 5

6 Some (Early) Firsts World Class Standards The SIM - leading to a new generation of micro-controllers The world's first low voltage smart card specs (3V in 95; 1.8 Volt in 99) Memory requirements for smart cards were driven solely by GSM The Proactive SIM or the SIM leaving the role of the slave 1991, the first proposal: the SIM should refuse to work if the counter in the SIM for the Advice of Charge charges had an overflow Data Download Downloading data into the SIM and managing data fields in the SIM were already practised by the PCN operators in the early 90s Both features were merged in April 1996 to the SIM Application Toolkit the world's first global platform for secure Value Added Services GSM 11.11, 11.14, The world's first global (and most successful) smart card specification 3 rd ETSI Security WS 6

7 Smart Card Chip Evolution World Class Standards Bit CPU 7 kb ROM 3 kb EEPROM 128 Byte RAM Bit CPU 500 kb ROM 512kB EEPROM 16kB RAM or 400 kb Flash memory In addition: 1GB Flash 1996 CPU, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, Crypto-unit on a single piece of silicon Crypto-unit for digital signatures, ciphering and other security functions Structure ~1990: 1,5 µm; today: 0,15 µm; metallised surface Sensors for Low Voltage, Frequency, Passivation Layer, Light,.. Evaluation of HW and SW against Common Criteria (CC) 3 rd ETSI Security WS 7

8 The Chip Today World Class Standards Infineon Technologies SLE66CX322P with Active Shield against state of the art physical attacks: Top view (left) and underlying circuits (right) 3 rd ETSI Security WS 8

9 Module and Contacts World Class Standards VCC RST CLK AUX1 GND VPP I/O AUX2 Today s layout VCC RST CLK USB GND SWP I/O USB Standardised new layout 3 rd ETSI Security WS 9

10 World Class Standards SIM Security - a Function of Hardware and Software Calculating the secret key from hundreds of power consumption measurings using statistical methods (DPA attacks) Correlation on output S-box with usage of the right key Straightforward implementation Implementation with countermeasures 3 rd ETSI Security WS 10

11 SIM Broken? 1998: Comp (A3/A8) successfully attacked World Class Standards black box attack against the GSM-MoU example algorithm does not utilise any hardware or software property of the SIM attack against just one card, not against the system itself chosen plaintext-ciphertext attack approximately very specific challenges were then required to calculate the secret, subscription specific key Ki PIN has to be known or PIN-check disabled authentication counter with "automatic silencing" of the SIM is no longer a valid countermeasure only to challenges to calculate Ki needed now The answer is: NO The SIM has successfully stood the test of time 3 rd ETSI Security WS 11

12 World Class Standards Evolution of Functionality and Security Multimedia DRM & Smart Card Webserver C0mplexity of Security GSM Authentication SIM Application Toolkit Security Trustsector for NFC Interactive Mobile TV Java Card and 3G Security ISIM and further IP Security Authentication Personalisation Service platform Flexibility & Security Multiapplication High speed protocol 3 rd ETSI Security WS 12

13 World Class Standards Mobile TV - Additional Services Concept During the mobile TV service the subscriber can request additional services such as more information, ringtones or MP3 Security Music files are directly downloaded to the (Multi-Megabyte) (U)SIM Linked right objects will also be sent to the subscriber and used by the DRM client Conditional Access applet on (U)SIM to access Pay-TV content DRM client on (U)SIM to securely store rights for pictures, videos, sounds, OTA key exchange during mobile TV session OTA 3 rd ETSI Security WS 13

14 From the SIM to the UICC World Class Standards From a standardised application offering secure value added services to a true multi-application security platform providing both the service provider and the user with a wealth of opportunities 3 rd ETSI Security WS 14

15 World Class Standards The SIM - a Mono-application Smart Card SIM according to GSM Additional applications based on SIM Application Toolkit WIM as exception (own command set and triggered by WAP browser) Banking Location Browser SIM Application Toolkit (SAT) SIM-WIM SIM 3 rd ETSI Security WS 15

16 World Class Standards Harmonisation of IC Card Work - The New Role of SMG9 In March 2000 the ETSI Project Smart Card Platform (EP SCP) succeeds ETSI SMG9 to provide the smart card platform for all telecommunication systems Setting the pace of Global Wireless Communications. 3 rd ETSI Security WS 16

17 World Class Standards The UICC - the Multi-application Platform The UICC consists of (all) application independent functions and features clear separation of lower layers and applications up to 20 logical channels to run applications in parallel Specified by TC SCP USIM SIM (U)SAT Phonebook UICC Public Transport Ticketing Electr. Purse ID Fire walls between applications provided by smart card (USIM) supplier 3 rd ETSI Security WS 17

18 The Core Specification World Class Standards TS Physical and logical characteristics of the card / terminal interface the core specification which provides a multi-application platform with logical channels for smart cards - based on this platform a smart card application can be defined for any system specifies the lower layers of a smart card including the electrical and mechanical interface, the logical structure, the basic commands and the intrinsic security system Test specification published as TS ETSI SCP has published over thirty specifications Card Application Toolkit Administrative commands Java API Secure messaging Measurement of Electromagnetic Emission of SIM Cards 3 rd ETSI Security WS 18

19 World Class Standards Some of Last Years Achievements A total of 9 new specifications was approved USB Specification TS Smart cards; UICC-Terminal interface; Characteristics of the USB interface Single Wire Protocol (SWP) Specification TS Smart cards; UICC-CLF interface; Physical and data link layer characteristics Other new specifications concern USSM: UICC Security Service Module (TS a Smartcard Web Server (TS ) Internet Protocol Connectivity (TS ) test specification for the Java TM API (TS ) TEIs (lots of) 3 rd ETSI Security WS 19

20 High Speed World Class Standards The need for a high speed interface protocol Current UICC-Terminal interface protocol (T=0) based on IS 7816 is not appropriate for graphical user interface and bulk data USB the new high speed interface SCP Plenary selected in November 2006 after a long discussion USB to be the basis for the new high speed protocol other candidates: MMC and an advanced synchronous protocol the specification itself was approved in Bonn in May 2007 nominal speed of 12 megabit per second use of existing contact layout (C4 and C8) This will transform the SIM into a real Internet device and allow the efficient use of high capacity SIMs In the MB and GB range 3 rd ETSI Security WS 20

21 The Contactless USIM World Class Standards Mobile Phones High penetration Personal device Contactless Cards Ease-of-use, convenient Large and growing infrastructure perfect match The Single Wire Protocol (SWP) is the standardised I/F between (U)SIM and NFC controller Contactless applications on USIM (or mobile) Mobile Phone CPU Contactless applications on USIM, SE or mobile Mobile Phone CPU NFC chip for contactless transmission Secure Element (SE) 3 rd ETSI Security WS 21

22 A New Contactless World World Class Standards The contactless interface for the (U)SIM will create a wealth of new opportunities Mobile phone works like a contactless card for payment, ticketing, access control,. Mobile phone works as a card reader for the (U)SIM Management of Applications Secure environment on the (U)SIM dedicated to different service providers such as banks, public transport companies,. Encapsulated storage area (Trustsector ) on the (U)SIM for secure execution of applications OTA administration such as activation/de-activation or personalisation of the individual Trustsectors via a Trusted Third Party (TTP) TTP can act as a trusted estate agent and a broker for the memory of the (U)SIM card provided by the operator - (U)SIM becomes a piece of real estate 3 rd ETSI Security WS 22

23 The Gigabyte SIM Web Server and GB SIM World Class Standards First SIMs with 1GB additional memory now used in trials Branding of the device - when inserted the operator branding will be downloaded to the handset and used Storage of Operator specific MMI for the handset, parameter settings Secure DRM, pre-loaded multi-media content SIM Web Server Web Server application on (U)SIM utilises execution environment of mobile services Easy to use GUI for services Web look and feel of information loaded on the (U)SIM From SIM Toolkit to SIM Web Server : from MS DOS TM to Windows TM (U)SIM is the secure interface to the Internet for the MS A use case: Web Pages with FAQ to save calls to the Operator hotline 3 rd ETSI Security WS 23

24 World Class Standards SCP: Current and Future Work Host Controller Interface (HCI) the software for the SWP currently two solutions ready for approval: a multi host version and a point to point solution M2M machine to machine is going to be a major topic this year includes meter readings and telematics Definition of Requirements for the new Release 8 and lots and lots of other things 3 rd ETSI Security WS 24

25 World Class Standards ETSI SCP website Next SCP Requirement WG / Plenary Meeting This week here at ETSI 3 rd ETSI Security WS 25

26 World Class Standards Dr. Klaus Vedder Head of Telecommunications Giesecke & Devrient GmbH Prinzregentenstr Munich Germany 3 rd ETSI Security WS 26

27 The Vision World Class Standards To turn today's mobile phone into a multipurpose terminal, personal security device, and lifestyle tool by exploiting the High Speed Protocol and the contactless communication channel of the UICC. 3 rd ETSI Security WS 27

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