Simulation Based Analysis of FAST TCP using OMNET++

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1 Smulaton Based Analyss of FAST TCP usng OMNET++ Umar ul Hassan Md Term Report CS678 Topcs n Internet Research Sprng, 2006

2 Introducton Internet traffc s doublng roughly every 3 months because of rapd ncrease n number of users connected wth Internet as well as more bandwdth demandng multmeda applcatons. Internet traffc patterns are not unform durng whole day whch results s hgh tmes when everyone tred to send data on to network. Because Internet reles on best effort delvery protocols, congeston s unavodable. As TCP/IP s the de Facto standard for data transfer on Internet, numerous research efforts were drected towards congeston control n t. Because of the connectonless nature of IP, the TCP protocol becomes obvous choce for flow and congeston control. TCP uses self clockng; the mechansm of acknowledgments sent regularly by recever [1]. Ths allows TCP to adjust sender to adjust ts rate accordng to recever's rate for flow control. Mssng acknowledgments ndcate congeston s network. If rate at whch source gets acknowledgments decreases, the source has can not dfferentate whether ths s due to recever's flow control or network congeston. So TCP uses sldng wndow mechansm to handle both these problems [1]. Congeston Wndow Control Most of research efforts for TCP congeston control try to mprove send wndow management. In absence of explct feedback, two types of feedback sgnal are used by TCP as an ndcaton of congeston. Loss based technques consder packet loss as congeston sgnal. Packets are njected nto the network perodcally to generate packet loss. Then measurements are taken from packet losses to perform congeston control. Current Internet standard (RFC 2581) for TCP congeston control (known as TCP Reno) s a loss based congeston control technque. Reno ncludes mechansms lke slow start, dynamc wdow szng, fast retransmt and fast recovery for congeston wndow management [1]. Delay based technques use end to end packet queung delay as measure of congeston. Packets are tme stamped when they are sent, and when acknowledgments arrve the round trp tme s calculated. Transmsson tme s subtracted from RTT to calculate queung delay. Fnally ths queung delay s used to adjust congeston wndow accordngly. TCP Vegas [6] was the frst varaton for TCP congeston control algorthm whch uses delay based approach. It modfes the slow start method of TCP Reno and uses a new retransmsson mechansm. TCP Vegas tres to avod congeston by mnmzng the dfference between expected and actual congeston wndow. FAST TCP A congeston control algorthm can be thought of as workng on two levels from desgn perspectve. Flow level desgn decsons requre hgh utlzaton, low delays and loss, stablty and farness [2]. Whle packet level desgn nvolves strateges to mplement flow levels goals on end to end flows.

3 Current mostly wdely used varaton of TCP s Reno, whch uses packet loss as congeston sgnal. As bandwdth delay product ncreases for hgh speed networks ths algorthms become bottleneck. Accordng to [2] congeston wndow management n TCP Reno faces problems at both packet and flow level. The addtve ncrease per round trp tme s very slow and multplcatve decease s very fast for large congeston wndows. Also at packet level one bt congeston sgnal (packet loss) causes severe oscllatons n wndow sze. At flow level the dynamcs s unstable and very small loss probablty s requred to mantan large congeston wndows. As a result loss based algorthms do not scale properly accordng to ncrease n bandwdth. FAST TCP proposes a delay based technque augmented wth loss nformaton to elmnate these problems [2]. Because t uses queung delay (mult bt nformaton) as congeston sgnals, the algorthm can also choose not to change congeston wndow. It helps to stablze congeston wndow even as at large wndow szes. Also t does not requre gradual njecton for packets for generaton of packet loss event for measurements. Archtecture and Algorthms The proposed archtecture for FAST TCP breaks t nto four man components [2]. The data control component s responsble for determnng whch packet to transmt; ths nvolves transmsson new packets accordng to logcal sequence of data or retransmsson n case of loss. Estmaton component provdes measurements lke average and mnmum round trp tme and queung delay to other components. Congeston wndow sze s adjusted by Wndow Control component accordng to nformaton provded by estmaton component. Burstness Control component s used to avod long queues and large number of packet losses due to bursty data transmsson n hgh speed networks. FAST TCP works at two levels of tme scale; per data send/ack and per round trp tme. The Coarse Tunng Algorthm gven below s run per send/ack [7]

4 For earh source : 1. Intalzaton: count =w and faston =1 2. On arrval of each ACK of packet l a RTT l =CurrentTme TmeStamp l b ρ= mn 3, 1 w 8 c ARTT l = 1 ρ ARTT l ρ RTT l d If faston =1:. Calculate Δw =γ[ w l ] ARTT l d +α w. If. If Δw > β : w =w 1 Δw < β : w =w 1 e count =count 1 f If count 0 : One RTT s fnshed. faston =1 faston. count =w. Call Fne Tunng Algorthm Algorthm 1: Coarse Tunng Algorthm [7] The Fne Tunng Algorthm s run every round trp tme [7] For each source, on completeton of each RTT 1. Calculate Δw =γ[ w l ] ARTT l d +α w 2. If Δw 1: w =w 1 3. If Δw 1: w =w 1 Algorthm 2: Fne Tunng Algorthm [7] Where ARRT(l) s average round trp tme for packet l and w congeston wndow. In case of packet loss current FAST TCP mplementaton enter fast recovery stage of TCP Reno [2]. And after recovery from congeston FAST TCP s agan turned on. Smulatons OMNET++ s dscrete event smulaton package, now wdely used for network smulatons. I have mplemented FAST TCP accordng to above gven algorthm s

5 OMNET++. As part of ths project I wll compare my mplementaton wth the NS 2 based mplementaton of FAST TCP avalable of Internet. The fve test cases wth dfferent network topologes and confguratons used for evaluaton of NS 2 mplementaton are [8] Test 1: Multple source sharng one lnk Test 2: Multple source sharng multple lnk Test 3: Low buffer sze Test 4: Hgh bandwdth delay product Test 5: Random loss I have tested my code for Test 1, where 3 follow were setup between three source and destnaton pars. Flow 1 from between s1 and d1 was for tme 0s 100s Flow 2 from between s2 and d2 was for tme 20s 80s Flow 3 from between s3 and d3 was for tme 40s 60s The topology s shown n followng fgure Fgure 1: Test 1 topology The dfference between TCP Reno and TCP Fast was the ntal exponental ncrease durng slow start for TCP Reno, but overall trend was same for both varatons. Snce the was no packet loss so there s no ndcaton of congeston wndow changes n case of loss recovery. These results are very dfferent form the results of shown by NS 2, smulaton parameters and TCP parameters dfference can be reasons for ths dfference. The congeston wndow sze change accordng to tme s gven below

6 Fgure 2: TCP Reno results Fgure 3: TCP Fast results

7 References [1] W. Stallngs, Hgh speed Networks and Internets: Performance and Qualty of Servce, Prentce Hall, [2] C Jn, DX We, SH Low, FAST TCP: motvaton, archtecture, algorthms, performance, Proceedngs of IEEE INFOCOM, 2004 [3] Wkpeda, TCP Congeston Avodance Algorthm January 30, 2006 [4] OMNET++ Dscrete Event Smulaton System, March 20, 2006 [5] FAST TCP Homepage, March 20, 2006 [6] L. S. Brakmo, L. L. Peterson, TCP Vegas: End to End Congeston Avodance on Global Internet, IEEE Journal of Selected Areas n Communcatons Vol 13, October [7] X. We, Congeston Control Algorthms for Hgh Speed Long Dstance TCP Connectons, MS. Thess, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, June 2004 [8] L. Andrew, FAST TCP smulator module for ns 2, URL: 5 March, 2006.

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