INTERNET. História internetu
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1 INTERNET 1
2 Úvod Internet je celosvetová počítačová sieť. Je všade okolo, ale nepatrí nikomu, nikto ho neriadi. Internet predstavuje najväčšie množstvo informácií dostupných z jedného miesta. Internet tvoria počítače spojené dátovými káblami. Zjednodušená predstava po kábloch sa pohybujú informácie v podobe núl a jednotiek je to informačná diaľnica. Najčastejšie sa využívajú dve hlavné služby: world wide web (www) elektronická pošta 2
3 1. internet ako armádna technológia 2. internet v univerzitnom prostredí 3. vstup komerčných firiem a súkromných osôb privatizácia internetu 4. úplná komercializácia internetu 3
4 Vznik internetu Počas studenej vojny potrebovali v USA nejakým spôsobom prepojiť počítače. Tento projekt realizovala NASA a finančnú záštitu poskytla organizácia z Pentagonu ARPA (Advance Research Project Agency). V rokoch vznikol ARPANET, prvá sieť tvorená z počítačov štyroch univerzít. Sieť mala tzv. decentralizovanú štruktúru = bez hlavného bodu. Ak by bol jeden uzol siete napadnutý, informácia by išla inou trasou. 4
5 Sieť ARPANET spájala najskôr iba 4 americké univerzity: University of California Los Angeles, Stanford Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, University of Utah. Jej úlohou bolo zdieľanie výpočtových zdrojov. 5
6 1971 ARPANET má 15 uzlov Pripojených 50 armádnych a výskumných centier Pripojili sa prvé nórske a britské inštitúcie Uskutočnil sa prechod na protokol TCP/IP. ARPANET formálne zanikol (odpájanie prebiehalo do konca 80-tych rokov). Vznikli prvé osobné počítače a operačný systém MS DOS Národná vedecká nadácia USA (NSF) iniciovala vývoj siete NSFNET v súčasnosti tvorí v USA backbone (tzv. chrbticovú sieť ) 6
7 K internetu bolo pripojených viac ako počítačov. Vznikol DNS (Domain Name System) Pripojených cca počítačov 1988 Komunikácia v reálnom čase IRC (Internet Relay Chat) 1989 Pripojených cca počítačov 1992 Internet sa začal využívať na komerčné účely. V tomto roku existuje 50 webových serverov, na ktorých sa pôvodne nachádzali len stránky s textom K textovým stránkam sa pridali obrázky. 7
8 Vznik www V roku 1989 vo švajčiarskom výskumnom stredisku CERN vymyslel Tim Berners-Lee nový spôsob výmeny informácii World Wide Web Spočíva v tom, že u používateľa beží v počítači určitý program, ktorý dekóduje dáta zaslané serverom, a na obrazovke sa zobrazí stránka, ktorú program z týchto dát zostavil. Tento program sa nazýva prehliadač = browser. 8
9 Nezáujem klasických počítačových firem nástup neznámych firiem ( Cisco, Netscape, Yahoo ) Šéf Microsoftu Bill Gates je v začiatkoch k internetu kritický a označuje ho ako slepú vývojovú vetvu 1995 Internet je prepájaný cez siete poskytovateľov (Internet Service Provider) poskytujú pre koncových používateľov prístup k službám internetu za poplatok webových serverov a 20 miliónov užívateľov internetu. Služba www sa dostala na prvé miesto v počte prenesených dát. 9
10 Úplná komercializácia internetu 1997 internet začína úplne ovládať komercia, ktorá udáva tempo a smer ďalšieho vývoja internetu. Služba www úplne vytlačila ostatné služby. Vznikajú nové technológie, ktoré umožňujú jednoducho a bezpečne vykonávať obchodné operácie virtuálnou formou. Ďalší rozvoj siete internet a internetových technológií je čisto záležitosťou súkromných spoločností 2000 Viac ako užívateľov 10
11 Internet dnes 2001 Spustenie online encyklopédie Wikipedia 2004 Verejná ponuka akcií Google začiatok ich obchodovania na burze online video revolúcia YouTube Otvorenie Facebooku aj pre iných užívateľov ako univerzitných študentov. Štart Twitteru 2007 Apple predstavil iphone
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