Ethernet. ITS323: Introduction to Data Communications CSS331: Fundamentals of Data Communications
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1 ITS323: Introduction to Data Communications CSS331: Fundamentals of Data Communications Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology Thammasat University Prepared by Steven Gordon on 13 October 2015 ITS323Y15S1L12, Steve/Courses/2015/s1/its323/lectures/ethernet.tex, r4135
2 Contents LANs Frames and Addressing
3 LAN Architecture Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers: professional and standards organisation 754 (Floating Point Arithmetic), 828, 829, 830, (Software Development), 1003 (POSIX), 1076 (VHDL), 1363 (Cryptography), 1394 (Firewire),... : LAN/MAN standards committee Developing standards for PANs, LANs, MANs, WANs Divided into numbered working groups standards focus on: Physical (PHY) layer Data link (DL) layer Medium Access Control (MAC): efficient data transfer, sharing the medium Logical Link Control (LLC): addressing, connecting to other networks.3 (),.5 (Token Ring), IEEE (WiFi),.15.1 (Bluetooth),.16 (WiMax),...
4 LAN Architecture Application Transport Network Architecture Data Link Physical MAC PHY MAC PHY LLC MAC PHY MAC PHY Token Ring WiFi Fast Gigabit WPAN WiMax Bluetooth WMAN Mesh Networks LLC = Logical Link Control MAC = Medium Access Control PHY = Physical
5 .3: developed for LAN communications in 1970 s; standardised as.3 in 1983 Several competing technologies at the time: Token Ring, Token Bus became most popular and now most common LAN standard Evolution of : ( 73): 3 Mb/s, coaxial cable, bus topology, half-duplex, shared medium II ( 83): 10 Mb/s Fast ( 87): 100 Mb/s, twisted pair, star topology with hub ( 90): 100 Mb/s, full duplex, star topology with switch, point-to-point links Gigabit ( 99): 1 Gb/s, twisted pair or optical fibre For data centres, MANs and WANs: 10 Gb/s, 40 Gb/s, 100 Gb/s, 400 Gb/s
6 Contents LANs Frames and Addressing
7 Most LANs today use in a star topology Centre device is called switch (different from a hub) Key characterstics of today s LANs: Stations have full-duplex, point-to-point links to switch Twisted pair cable (Category 5 UTP) Data rate: 100 Mb/s or 1 Gb/s (auto-negotiation) PHY standard: 802.3u (100BASE-TX) or 802.3ab (1000BASE-T) Distance: 100 m Random access is not used
8 Topology A B F switch C E D Stations (hosts, routers) connect via full-duplex twisted pair to switch Switch has multiple ports, e.g. 4, 8, 24, 48 All frames between stations pass via the switch
9 Contents LANs Frames and Addressing
10 standards use common IEEE 48-bit address format Commonly called MAC or hardware addresses Globally unique (ideally) First 24-bits assigned by IEEE to manufacturer Second 24-bits assigned by manufacturer to device For simplicity, represented as 6 2 digit hexadecimal numbers, e.g. 90:2b:34:60:dc:2f Special case broadcast address: ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff Common in other standards: Bluetooth, ATM, FDDI, FibreChannel IEEE 64-bit address is alternative format: Firewire, ZigBee, IPv6
11 .3 Frames 46 to 6 Bytes 6 Bytes 2 Bytes 1500 Bytes 4 Bytes Destination Address Source Address Ether Type Data CRC Checksum Typical maximum data size is 1500 Bytes (optional Jumbo frames) 1st 8 bytes (preamble, delimiter) sometimes considered part of Physical layer
12 Example Hardware f0:de:f1:01:23:45 8c:a9:82:67:89:ab A B f0:b4:79:ef:01:23 F switch ec:c8:82:cd:ef:01 C E f0:de:f1:89:ab:cd D 20:cf:30:23:45:67 Hardware (MAC) addresses are assigned to LAN card by manufacturer Each station (hosts and routers) has address for each network interface card
13 Example MAC Table used by Switch f0:de:f1:01:23:45 A 8c:a9:82:67:89:ab B f0:b4:79:ef:01:23 F 6 E f0:de:f1:89:ab:cd 1 2 switch D 20:cf:30:23:45:67 ec:c8:82:cd:ef:01 C MAC Table of switch Port HWaddress f0:de:f1:01:23:45 8c:a9:82:67:89:ab ec:c8:82:cd:ef:01 20:cf:30:23:45:67 f0:de:f1:89:ab:cd f0:b4:79:ef:01:23 Switch learns address of station at other end point of link Store address and port in memory; used for forwarding frames
Ethernet. Contents. ITS323: Introduction to Data Communications CSS331: Fundamentals of Data Communications. IEEE 802 LANs.
2 ITS323: Introduction to Data Communications CSS331: Fundamentals of Data Communications Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology Thammasat University Prepared by Steven Gordon on 13 October 2015
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