Certified NCIA Network Basic v0.1

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1 Certified NCIA Network Basic v0.1 Chapter 2. EtherNet 1 Network Basic v0.1 Chapter 2 EtherNet 2. LAN switching - HUB vs Switch -Switch Operation 3. Ethernet Troubleshooting - ARP protocol - ARP Troubleshooting - Negotiation - CRC errors and other errors 2 1

2 네트워크 ICONs 3 네트워크구성 4 2

3 Chapter 2 EtherNet 2. LAN switching - HUB vs Switch -Switch Operation 3. Ethernet Troubleshooting - ARP protocol - ARP Troubleshooting - Negotiation - CRC errors and other errors 5 Physical and Data Link Features of Ethernet 6 3

4 Physical and Data Link Features of Ethernet Describe how the Ethernet operates across two layers of the OSI model 7 Physical and Data Link Features of Ethernet Logical Link Control (LLC) Makes the connection with the upper layers Frames the network layer packet Identifiers the network layer protocol Remains relatively independent of the physical equipment 8 4

5 Physical and Data Link Features of Ethernet MAC (Media Access Control) Getting Data to Media Data Encapsulation - Frame delimiting - Addressing - Error detection Media Access Control - Control of frame placement on and off the media - media recovery 9 Physical and Data Link Features of Ethernet MAC (Media Access Control) Getting Data to Media Data Encapsulation - Frame delimiting - Addressing - Error detection Media Access Control - Control of frame placement on and off the media - media recovery 10 5

6 Layer 2 addressing and its Impact on Network Operation and Performance The Frame Encapsulating the Packet Frame Size : 64 ~ 1518 byte or DIX 2.0 SAP (Service Access Point) SAP (Service Access Point) 11 Layer 2 addressing and its Impact on Network Operation and Performance CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) count is increasing? 12 6

7 Layer 2 addressing and its Impact on Network Operation and Performance The Ethernet MAC Address 13 Layer 2 addressing and its Impact on Network Operation and Performance IEEE Assigned

8 Layer 2 addressing and its Impact on Network Operation and Performance 15 Layer 2 addressing and its Impact on Network Operation and Performance 16 8

9 Layer 2 addressing and its Impact on Network Operation and Performance Ethernet Unicast, Multicast, Broadcast 17 Layer 2 addressing and its Impact on Network Operation and Performance Ethernet Unicast, Multicast, Broadcast 18 9

10 Layer 2 addressing and its Impact on Network Operation and Performance Ethernet Unicast, Multicast, Broadcast 19 Function and Characteristics of the Media Access Control Method MAC in the Ethernet 20 10

11 Function and Characteristics of the Media Access Control Method 21 Chapter 4 EtherNet Troubleshooting 2.LAN switching - HUB vs Switch -Switch Operation 3. Ethernet Troubleshooting - ARP protocol - ARP Troubleshooting - Negotiation - CRC errors and other errors 22 11

12 2. LAN Switching HUB vs Switch L2 Address Handling - The L2 Address of Ethernet Protocol is MAC Address Ethernet L2 Switch Role - Listening (Flooding) - Learning (Flooding) - Selective Forwarding LAN Switching Hub Network Poor Performance of Hub-based LANs 24 12

13 2. LAN Switching Switch Network Each host accesses full network bandwidth per segment LAN Switching Switching Role Selective Frame Forwarding 26 13

14 2. LAN Switching Switch Operation Upon Initialization of the switch, the MAC address table is empty LAN Switching Switch Operation Host1 sends data to Host2. The frame sent contains both a source MAC address and a destination MAC address 28 14

15 2. LAN Switching Switch Operation The switch reads the source MAC address, 0A, from the frame received on port Fa1 and stores it in the MAC address table for use in the forwarding of frames to Host LAN Switching Switch Operation The destination MAC address, 0C, is not in the MAC table. The switch floods the frame out all port except port Fa1, the port for the sender. Host3 and Host 4 receive the frame, but the address in the frame does not match their MAC address. They drop the frame. The destination MAC address in the frame matches Host2 and it accepts the frame

16 2. LAN Switching Switch Operation Host2 sends a frame to Host1 containing a reply. The source address in the frame is the MAC address of Host2. The destination address in the frame matches the MAC address for Host LAN Switching Switch Operation The switch reads the source MAC address, 0C, from the frame received on port Fa6, and stores it in the MAC address table for use in the forwarding of frames to Host

17 2. LAN Switching Switch Operation The destination MAC address, 0A, is in the MAC address table. The switch selectively forwards the frame out port Fa1 only. The destination MAC address in the frame matches the MAC address for Host1. Host1 accepts the frame. 33 Chapter 4 EtherNet Troubleshooting 2. LAN switching - HUB vs Switch -Switch Operation 3.Ethernet Troubleshooting - ARP protocol - ARP Troubleshooting - Negotiation - CRC errors and other errors 34 17

18 3. Ethernet Troubleshooting ARP ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is mapping IP address to MAC address Ethernet Troubleshooting ARP Operation Host A wants to communicate with Host C, but doesn t know MAC address 36 18

19 3. Ethernet Troubleshooting ARP Operation Host A sends arp request frame to get Host C MAC address, using L2 broadcast frame Ethernet Troubleshooting ARP Operation Host C sends arp reply frame to Host A, using L2 unicast frame

20 3. Ethernet Troubleshooting ARP Operation Host A sends Data frame to Host C, using unicast frame Ethernet Troubleshooting ARP Operation ARP Cache table has only local network information DMAC c ab SMAC c aa DMAC c cc SMAC c cd 40 20

21 3. Ethernet Troubleshooting ARP Troubleshooting -1 ARP Request Packet Ethernet Troubleshooting ARP Troubleshooting -2 ARP Request Packet 42 21

22 3. Ethernet Troubleshooting Negotiation Before starting to operate, devices attempt to auto-configure with out-of-band signals. Normal Link Pulses (NLPs) are sent by old hardware (half-duplex only). Each FLP burst consists of 33 pulse positions that provide clock and data info. Fast Link Pulse (FLP) burst encodes Link Code Word (LCW) Auto-sense protocol not using FLP bursts can be used to detect speed (and media type), but only supports half-duplex Quiz Quiz 1. 최대 Ethernet frame size 는? 2. Ethernet Frame 의크기가 64 byte 미만인경우발생하는에러는? 3. Mac address는몇바이트로구성되어있는가? 4. IP address 와 MAC address를매핑하는프로토콜은? 5. Host A 에서동일네트워크의 Server B로 ping test 를 3시간마다한번씩할경우, 항상처음 ping의응답이두번째, 세번째응답에비해다소늦다이유는무엇일까? 6. 신규서버를구축하고네트워크테스트를위한 GW로의 ping test 가실패하였다. arp a 의결과가 GW IP 에대해 incomplete로나왔다면, 이것이의미하는것은? 7. 다음그림과같은구성에서 ping 실행시의통신과정을설명해보세요

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