IP Service Intelligence at the Network Edge: Differentiation for DSL Providers

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1 THE TECHNOLOGY GUIDE SERIES IP Service Intelligence at the Network Edge: Differentiation for DSL Providers This Guide has been sponsored by

2 Table of Contents Abstract...2 Introduction...3 Understanding Service Networks: The Core and the Edge...4 Cell Division: The Disadvantage of ATM...5 Packet Visualization: The Strength of IP-based Service Intelligence...7 IP-Optimized Concentrators Enable Service Providers to Meet Key Challenges...8 Scalability...9 Service Differentiation...9 Serving Complex Applications and Access Points...10 Interoperability and Transition...11 The Bottom Line: Reduced Ownership Costs, Higher Return...11 Benefits of an IP-Optimized Platform...14 IP Intelligence Test...15 Summary...16 Glossary of Terms...17 About the Editor Jerry Ryan is a principal at ATG and the Editor-in-Chief of techguide.com. He is the author of numerous technology papers on various aspects of networking. Mr. Ryan has developed and taught many courses in network analysis and design for carriers, government agencies and private industry. He has provided consulting support in the area of WAN and LAN network design, negotiation with carriers for contract pricing and services, technology acquisition, customized software development for network administration, billing and auditing of telecommunication expenses, project management, and RFP generation. Mr. Ryan has been a member of the Networld+Interop Program Committee and the ComNet steering Committee. He holds a B.S. degree in electrical engineering. The Guide format and main text of this Guide are the property of The Applied Technologies Group, Inc. and is made available upon these terms and conditions. The Applied Technologies Group reserves all rights herein. Reproduction in whole or in part of the main text is only permitted with the written consent of The Applied Technologies Group. The main text shall be treated at all times as a proprietary document for internal use only. The main text may not be duplicated in any way, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for the purpose of review. In addition, the information contained herein may not be duplicated in other books, databases or any other medium. Making copies of this Guide, or any portion for any purpose other than your own, is a violation of United States Copyright Laws. The information contained in this Guide is believed to be reliable but cannot be guaranteed to be complete or correct. Any case studies or glossaries contained in this Guide or any Guide are excluded from this copyright. Copyright 2001 by The Applied Technologies Group, Inc. 209 West Central Street, Suite 301, Natick, MA 01760, Tel: (508) , Fax: (508) info@techguide.com Web Site:

3 Abstract The market for Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) services is burgeoning; new market entrants are spurring intensified competition for both residential and business customers. In this environment, best-effort Internet access no longer offers significant differentiation. To be competitive, service providers including Incumbent Local Exchange Carriers (ILECs), Competitive Local Exchange Carriers (CLECs), Internet Service Providers (ISPs), Inter-Exchange Carriers (IXCs), Application Service Providers (ASPs), and others must offer a much wider range of highvalue services, such as toll-quality Voice over DSL (VoDSL), Frame Relay, corporate virtual private networks (VPNs), and realtime video streaming. In addition, provider network platforms must cost-effectively offer a wide range of services to a broad base of subscribers. Network platforms with Internet Protocol (IP) service intelligence scale easily, enabling service providers to respond quickly to subscriber growth. They support the widest possible range of value-added broadband services, allowing providers to operate at peak cost-efficiency in today s ATM-dominated networking environment, as well as migrate seamlessly to tomorrow s IP-centric networking environment. This Technology Guide examines the key elements of IP-optimized DSL networking platforms and explains how they support successful DSL service strategies. An IP test at the end of the Guide serves as a checklist for evaluating a DSL platform s ability to cost-effectively deliver competitive broadband services. Introduction As the DSL market grows, competition among an ever-increasing number of ILECs, CLECs, ISPs, IXCs, and ASPs is commoditizing the high-speed Internet access service market. To compete effectively and maximize profitability, DSL service providers must offer customers a wide range of high-value services in addition to best-effort Internet access, including VPNs, unified messaging, application services, Frame Relay, video streaming, real-time gaming, and toll-quality voice services. Figure 1 North American DSL Market Forecast This shift from best-effort connectivity to advanced service bundles combined with the rapid growth of both business and residential DSL subscribers is taxing providers capacity to provision and scale services using legacy DSL broadband access solutions. Providers require new solutions that enable them to quickly and cost-effectively provision, scale, and 2 IP Service Intelligence at the Network Edge Technology Guide 3

4 manage high-value, differentiated services for an exponentially expanding subscriber base. Service providers also need solutions that maximize their cost-effectiveness in today s networking environment and that migrate to the already emerging next-generation networking environment. Network access platforms with IP service intelligence and related technologies discussed in this Technology Guide enable service providers to keep pace with today s changing network requirements. Understanding Service Networks: The Core and the Edge A DSL service network can be viewed from the perspective of either the local loop, or edge, or from the point of view of the transport network, or core. At the edge of the network, traffic is aggregated, prioritized, and handed off either to or from the end-user customer to the network core. DSL Access Multiplexers (DSLAMs), or DSL concentrators, which reside at the edge of the network, handle this workload. Switching equipment at the core facilitates the transport of customers traffic across metropolitan area networks (MANs) and wide area networks (WANs). DSL network-edge access technology has evolved in a different direction than network-core transport technology. Data-centric from the start, DSL access utilizes IP in the local loop. The installed network core uses Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) transport technology. With today s data traffic volume eclipsing voice traffic across the transport network, IP in the DSLAM is required both for installed ATM networks and all-ip networks. Cell Division: The Disadvantage of ATM Because of ATM s prevalence in the network core, DSLAMs initially deployed at the network edge were optimized to work with ATM technology. ATM transports voice and data traffic in 53-byte cells. Accordingly, ATM-based DSLAMs break up all voice and data traffic into ATM-sized cells. Slicing traffic into equal-size cells effectively hides IP datagrams, which contain information such as who generated the traffic, the type of traffic (voice versus data), and where the traffic is going. While this does not cause extensive problems for provisioning standard high-speed Internet access service, it becomes an increasingly serious disadvantage as DSL providers provision and scale a wider range of concurrent, high-value services for a growing subscriber base. Furthermore, ATM DSLAMs cannot tell the difference between one subscriber s traffic and another s. DSL service providers who rely on ATM DSL access technology must therefore provision each subscriber via a single, end-to-end permanent virtual circuit (PVC), from the customer premise DSL router or modem, through the DSLAM, through one or more ATM aggregators or switches, to an ISP s Internet router. For example, an ATM-based DSL provider who signs up 100 customers for Internet access must provision 100 end-to-end PVCs one for each subscriber. Figure 2 Basic Internet Access Using ATM DSLAMs 4 IP Service Intelligence at the Network Edge Technology Guide 5

5 ATM DSLAMs are also unable to distinguish between different kinds of traffic for a single subscriber or between different kinds of traffic for multiple subscribers. As a result, an ATM-reliant DSL service provider who enrolls 100 subscribers for multiple services must provision separate PVCs for each service, as well as for each subscriber. For example, if 100 customers order Internet access, VPN, and VoDSL services, the ATM-based provider must set up and maintain 300 PVCs. This extensive PVC provisioning is labor intensive and expensive. A human operator must access the management system of each network component and manually provision and test each PVC for every subscriber. These scaling and provisioning challenges multiply exponentially as an ATM-reliant DSL service provider s subscriber base grows, turning ATM-based DSLAMs into choke points. Packet Visualization: The Strength of IP-based Service Intelligence In contrast to ATM-based DSLAMs, DSL access concentrators with IP Service Intelligence can see entire Internet packets, including IP datagrams. With this holistic vision of packets, an IP-optimized concentrator can distinguish between different subscribers traffic, different kinds of network traffic, and different kinds of traffic from individual subscribers. Because of this, an IP-optimized concentrator can securely aggregate like traffic from different subscribers onto shared virtual circuits (VCs), or network paths. For example, in the case of 100 subscribers provisioned with several kinds of services such as voice, VPN, and Internet access an IP-optimized concentrator can aggregate all subscribers voice traffic onto one path, all VPN traffic onto a second path, and all Internet traffic onto a third path, while simultaneously keeping each subscriber s traffic compartmentalized and secure. A provider relying on ATM-based DSLAMs must set up and manage 300 PVCs for 100 subscribers utilizing three services each; a provider who deploys an IP-optimized concentrator need only provision three network paths. Figure 3 Internet Access, VPN, and VoDSL Using ATM DSLAMs Figure 4 Service Intelligent DSL Concentrators: Internet Access, VPN, and VoDSL 6 IP Service Intelligence at the Network Edge Technology Guide 7

6 IP-Optimized Concentrators Enable Service Providers to Meet Key Challenges Going forward, DSL service providers face four critical challenges: Scalability The DSL subscriber base is expanding rapidly. TeleChoice forecasts that there will be 3.9 million DSL subscribers by year-end 2000 and 16.7 million worldwide subscribers by year-end At the same time, subscriber appetite for a wide range of high-value services is growing. DSL service providers must find costeffective solutions that enable them to rapidly provision and scale multiple concurrent services for millions of subscribers. Service differentiation High-speed connectivity is being commoditized. Many DSL providers are slashing prices for basic broadband services and even offering them for free to preserve their existing customer bases and attract new customers for higher-margin services. Both existing and new service providers must be able to cost-effectively offer subscribers a rich menu of services to differentiate themselves and remain competitive and profitable in the DSL marketplace. Serving complex applications and access points Emerging applications and services such as Unified Communications Portals (UCPs), VPNs, and residential multimedia require real-time and best-effort traffic management. Service providers must be able to support many new applications for both residential and business customers, ranging from best-effort to best-quality service, and to offer different service level agreements (SLAs), as required by different customers. 8 IP Service Intelligence at the Network Edge Interoperability and transition DSL service providers must adopt network-edge solutions that will both interoperate with today s ATM-dominated core and migrate to the IP-centric core of the future. DSL concentrators with IP service intelligence enable DSL service providers to successfully meet all these challenges. Scalability Because concentrators with IP service intelligence can see whole Internet packets, including informationrich datagrams, they can make intelligent trafficforwarding and queuing decisions at the network edge. Based on any combination of header information at Layers 2, 3, 4, and 7, they can prioritize and keep traffic from different services and subscribers compartmentalized and secure and, most significantly, where ease of scalability is concerned, aggregate traffic. Using this technology, providers can aggregate all voice gateway traffic into one low-delay path through the transport network. They can work with ISP routers to aggregate traffic for Internet subscribers. And for corporate VPN subscribers, they can securely aggregate any number of a company s connected employees into a VPN tunnel. Thus, IP service intelligence yields significant advantages over ATM in ease of provisioning, scalability, and ongoing network-management cost savings. Service Differentiation DSL concentrators with IP service intelligence enable providers to easily and cost-effectively scale a wide range of high-value, differentiated services, including data, Frame Relay, VPNs, toll-quality VoDSL, and private branch exchange (PBX) extension, for businesses and teleworkers, as well as concurrent Technology Guide 9

7 single-line data and phone for residential customers. IP-optimized concentrators equipped with Asymmetric DSL (ADSL), G.lite, G.shdsl, ISDN DSL (IDSL), and Symmetric DSL (SDSL) line cards enable providers to offer these high-value differentiated services to both business and residential customers from a single chassis. Serving Complex Applications and Access Points DSL concentrators with IP service intelligence aggregate and prioritize traffic via IP Class of Service (CoS) or ATM Quality of Service (QoS). This enables DSL broadband providers to offer multiple business and residential subscribers a complete range of besteffort to best-quality services through a single concentrator. DSL concentrators with IP intelligence also enable providers to map particular subscribers, or even individual IP users or applications, to ATM virtual circuits of different QoS levels, supporting sophisticated tiered service offerings with a range of Service Level Agreements (SLAs). (See IP Service Intelligence: Technical Features and Functions ). Interoperability and Transition Concentrators with IP service intelligence are the optimum choice for service providers today and tomorrow. High-performance, IP-based technologies are spreading in MANs and WANs. Enabling dynamically scalable speeds from one Megabyte per second to one Terabyte per second, these new IP transport media can move voice and data at a small fraction of the cost of circuit-based ATM technology. Such next-generation core networks will use policy-based management technologies like DiffServ and Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) to enforce QoS and support SLAs for all services, including voice. All traffic voice and data will move across these networks in IP packets. There will be no need for ATM-provisioned circuits, and the network core will ultimately discard them. Working in conjunction with voice gateways and integrated access devices (IADs), concentrators with IP service intelligence can cost-effectively provision and scale a full range of best-effort to best-quality services across today s ATM-dominated network cores, and they can migrate seamlessly to the all-ip network cores of the future. The Bottom Line: Reduced Ownership Costs, Higher Return Figure 5 Enhanced Services Using Intelligent DSL Concentrators DSL concentrators with IP service intelligence enable providers to rapidly reach the maximum addressable market with the widest possible range of differentiated services, enhancing their ability to increase per-subscriber revenues. Quickness to market, quickness to scale, and quickness to maximize revenues reduce the short-term costs of ownership for IP-optimized DSL access platforms. Providers who standardize on 10 IP Service Intelligence at the Network Edge Technology Guide 11

8 IP-optimized DSL concentrators can reduce the complexity of their networks and automate key processes, including traffic prioritization and aggregation, thereby reducing their long-term costs of ownership as well. Finally, IP-optimized DSL concentrators can migrate seamlessly from ATM-dominated network cores to next-generation all-ip cores, extending their useful life and further reducing long-term ownership costs. These savings, coupled with cost-efficient provisioning and scaling of market-savvy differentiated service offerings, enable DSL broadband providers to maximize return on investment. IP Service Intelligence: Technical Features and Functions IP packet processing and routing. IP intelligence-capable DSL concentrators support Layer 3 IP packet processing and routing as well as Layer 2 forwarding (ATM, Frame Relay, or Ethernet) on all DSL interfaces, including ADSL and G.lite ATM interfaces. IP intelligence in the DSL concentrator provides awareness of the flows of the IP service layers to make intelligent packet forwarding and queuing decisions. Transparent IP processing (TIP). DSL concentrators that are IP intelligence-capable support queuing and forwarding based upon IP header information without affecting service providers IP subnetting schemes. This functionality enables a carrier to wholesale enhanced IP capabilities to other service providers without restricting the service provider s IP addressing flexibility. IP subscriber aggregation into ATM virtual circuits. By reducing the number of virtual circuits through the transport network by a factor of 100 or more, aggregation enables the network to scale to millions of subscribers. IP CoS support and mapping to ATM QoS. Traffic can be aggregated and prioritized via IP CoS or ATM QoS in DSL concentrators that have IP intelligence. This capability enables the service provider to offer IP and ATM services through one DSL concentrator. This also allows mapping of individual end users and applications to ATM virtual circuits with different levels of QoS, supporting sophisticated tiered service offerings. VPNs based on private IP address spaces. VPNs allow connections between multiple sites and teleworkers within an organization. IP intelligence-capable DSL concentrators support up to 192 VPNs based on secure compartmentalized IP address spaces. Dual networking. DSL concentrators allow carriers to separately handle voice services and data services over the same DSL interface. In combination with IADs at the customer premise, carriers can, for example, forward ATM AAL2 voice traffic onto a per-subscriber virtual circuit while aggregating data with other subscribers. Alternatively, IP-based voice services can be aggregated with other subscribers in a private IP address space, while data can be aggregated with other subscribers in a separate private or public IP address space. Frame Relay/ATM interworking. Telcordia-compliant Frame Relay service interfaces over SDSL and IDSL with complete FRF.5 and FRF.8 interworking with ATM backbones supported by IP intelligence-capable DSL concentrators. These DSL concentrators also support interworking between ADSL and G.lite ATM service interfaces and a Frame Relay backbone. Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) subscriber aggregation into Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) tunnels. Many ISPs have adapted their dial-access architectures to DSL access, requiring a PPP session for each subscriber. Aggregation of PPP into L2TP will allow DSL access providers to provision a single PVC between the DSL concentrator and the ISP service router, supporting hundreds of PPP sessions. MPLS edge routing. As an MPLS-label edge router, the DSL concentrator will assign individual IP flows to appropriate MPLS labels depending on IP header content. IP multicasting at the DSL concentrator. IP multicast protocols allow users to selectively join or leave real-time audio or video multicasts. Multicast packet replication in the DSL concentrator can reduce the consumption of bandwidth between the content server and the DSL concentrator, creating cost efficiencies in the deployment of multimedia services. 12 IP Service Intelligence at the Network Edge Technology Guide 13

9 Benefits of an IP-Optimized Platform By effectively leveraging the IP service intelligence of their DSL platform, service providers can compete aggressively and strategically in the DSL broadband services market. Service providers will continually attract new customers and reduce customer churn by regularly offering new DSL services with guaranteed service quality. Service providers can more easily scale to provide service to the estimated four million worldwide DSL subscribers expected by year-end DSL concentrators with IP service intelligence create significant cost efficiencies by building on existing infrastructure investments, rather than requiring equipment replacement at both the service provider facility and at the customer premise. DSL concentrators with IP service intelligence interoperate with a wide range of third-party solutions (e.g., IADs, voice gateways, and Softswitches). By preserving providers investment in equipment residing at the network edge, DSL concentrators with IP service intelligence platforms also reduce customer-support, service-provisioning, and management costs. At the same time, IP-optimized DSL concentrators create other strategic and tactical advantages that allow service providers to differentiate themselves. What s the IP Intelligence of Your DSL Concentrator Platform? To compete successfully in the fiercely competitive DSL broadband marketplace, service providers must invest in access platforms that support packet networks, aggregation, routing, and class-based queuing. DSL service providers can assess their networks IP service intelligence capabilities by taking inventory with the following seven questions: Yes No 1. Does the DSL concentrator support IP-aware forwarding? IP intelligence requires awareness of the flows at the PPP/IP service layers to make intelligent forwarding and queuing decisions, thus making more efficient use of bandwidth. 2. Can the DSL concentrator perform subscriber aggregation? By reducing the number of VCs, aggregation enables the network to scale to millions of subscribers. 3. Does the DSL concentrator provide IP CoS? 4. Does the DSL concentrator perform IP-to-ATM QoS mapping? This capability enables the service provider to offer IP and ATM services through one concentrator. 5. Does the DSL concentrator's architecture allow it to become a MPLS edge router as MPLS is deployed in the transport network? 6. Does the DSL concentrator support IP multicasting? 7. Is the DSL concentrator interoperable with IP service switches? IP IQ Score = 14 IP Service Intelligence at the Network Edge Technology Guide 15

10 Summary With incremental investments in IP-optimized platforms and equipment, service providers can affordably upgrade their networks to serve millions of new customers and deliver new advanced service bundles to existing customers. Platforms with IP service intelligence address the key challenges that DSL providers face today: Scalability Platforms with IP service intelligence address the issue of scalability by enabling providers to aggregate different kinds of traffic from different subscribers onto shared network paths. Service Differentiation DSL providers who standardize on IP-optimized platforms can add new advanced services on an ongoing basis and continually innovate and differentiate themselves from their competitors. Serving Complex Applications and Access Points IP-optimized platforms aggregate and prioritize traffic via IP CoS or ATM QoS, enabling DSL broadband providers to offer multiple business and residential subscribers a complete range of best-effort to best-quality services through a single concentrator. Transitioning from Legacy ATM Networks to Next-Generation All-IP Networks IP-optimized DSL platforms can cost-effectively provision and scale a full range of best-effort to best-quality services across today s ATM-dominated network cores and migrate seamlessly to the all-ip network cores of the future. 16 IP Service Intelligence at the Network Edge Glossary of Terms ADSL (Asymmetric DSL) Delivers more downstream speed than upstream, e.g., 384 kpbs downstream to the user and 128 kbps upstream. ASP (Application Service Provider) A company that offers individuals or enterprises access over the Internet to applications and related services that would otherwise have to be located in their own personal or enterprise computers. ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) A protocol that packs digital information into 53-byte cells that are switched throughout a network over virtual circuits. AAL2 (ATM Adaptation Layer Type 2) This AAL supports connection-oriented Variable Bit Rate, isochronous traffic (e.g., compressed voice and video). CLEC (Competitive Local Exchange Carrier) A company that files with the state public utility commission to be a competitive carrier. The company then negotiates an interconnection agreement with the ILEC. CoS (Class of Service) A way of managing traffic in a network by grouping similar types of traffic (e.g., , streaming video, voice, large document file transfer) together and treating each type as a class with its own level of service priority. CPE (Customer Premise Equipment) Service provider equipment that is located on the customer s premises (physical location) rather than on the provider s premises or in between. DiffServ (Differentiated Services) A protocol for specifying and controlling network traffic by class so that certain types of traffic get precedence for example, voice traffic, which requires a relatively uninterrupted flow of data, might get precedence over other kinds of traffic. Glossary 17

11 DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) Technology that enables high-speed broadband service to be delivered over ordinary copper telephone lines. DSL Concentrator A device that serves as a point of consolidation of DSL network links so that multiple circuits may share common limited network resources. DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer) A device located in the central office that is used to aggregate data traffic from many DSL subscribers into one high-speed signal for hand-off to the data communications network. Ethernet A local area network used for connecting computers, printers, workstations, terminals, servers, etc., within the same building or campus. Frame Relay A high-speed, packet-switched data communications service. Frame Relay is a leading contender for LAN-to-LAN interconnect services and is well suited to the bursty demands of LAN environments. FRF.5 or FRF.8 Standards developed by the Frame Relay Forum. G.lite A standard form of ADSL that offers consumers high-speed local loop access to the Internet with simultaneous telephone network access. G.shdsl A standard form of SDSL that offers businesses high-speed local loop access to the Internet with simultaneous telephone network access. IAD (Integrated Access Device) A CPE unit that provides access to converged voice and data service. IDSL (ISDN Digital Subscriber Line) Delivers symmetric 144 kbps capacity (144 kbps in both directions). Unlike other DSL flavors, it can t upgrade beyond the 144 kbps. ISDL is offered primarily because it has a much further range from the CO than other forms of DSL and it is compatible with Digital Loop Carrier (DLC) systems. ILEC (Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier) A local exchange carrier (LEC), such as Bell Atlantic or US West. IP (Internet Protocol) A standard describing software that keeps track of the Internet s addresses for different nodes, routes outgoing messages, recognizes incoming messages, and allows a packet to traverse multiple networks on the way to its final destination. ISP (Internet Service Provider) An ISP has a gateway router to which subscribers traffic is sent. ISPs have peering arrangements to connect to the Internet backbone. IXC (Inter-Exchange Carrier) A carrier that provides long-distance telephone service. L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol) Tunneling protocol for virtual private networks. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) A network that interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic area or region larger than that covered by even a large local area network, but smaller than the area covered by a wide area network. MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol) A protocol for bridging the public switched telephone network with emerging IP-based networks. MGCP enables external control and management of data communications equipment operating at the edge of multi-service platform networks known as media gateways by software programs which are known as call agents or media gateway controllers. MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching) An IETF standard intended for Internet application, MPLS is a widely supported method of speeding up IP-based data communication over ATM networks. 18 IP Service Intelligence at the Network Edge Glossary 19

12 PBX (Private Branch Exchange) A telephone system within an enterprise that switches calls between enterprise users on local lines while allowing all users to share a certain number of external phone lines. PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) A protocol for communication between two computers using a serial interface, typically a personal computer connected by phone line to a server. PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit) A software defined logical connection in a Frame Relay network. QoS (Quality of Service) The idea that transmission rates, error rates, and other characteristics can be measured, improved, and, to some extent, guaranteed in advance. SDSL (Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line) A variant of DSL for businesses that enables equal upstream and downstream traffic. SLA (Service Level Agreement) Outlines minimum acceptable performance parameters (such as delay, throughput, percent availability, etc.) for public data services such as Frame Relay, VPNs, and Internet access. VC (Virtual Circuit) A private circuit created in a public facility. VoDSL (Voice over DSL) The delivery of voice phone calls over digital subscriber lines. Voice Gateway A product that converts digital voice so it can be sent to the analog-based telephone network. VoIP (Voice over IP) A term used for a set of facilities for managing the delivery of voice information using Internet Protocol (IP). VPN (Virtual Private Network) A private data network that makes use of the public telecommunication infrastructure, maintaining privacy through the use of a tunneling protocol and security procedures. WAN (Wide Area Network) A geographically dispersed telecommunications network. 20 IP Service Intelligence at the Network Edge Glossary 21

13 NOTES NOTES 22 IP Service Intelligence at the Network Edge Notes 23

14 NOTES 24 IP Service Intelligence at the Network Edge

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