: Chapter 2 Networking Fundamentals.
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1 : Chapter 2 Networking Fundamentals touch@coe.psu.ac.th Wednesday, June 10, 2009
2 Chapter Outline
3 Chapter Outline Network Terminology Wednesday, June 10, 2009
4 Chapter Outline Network Terminology Bandwidth Wednesday, June 10, 2009
5 Chapter Outline Network Terminology Bandwidth Networking Models Wednesday, June 10, 2009
6 Network Terminology
7
8 Physical Network Topology Wednesday, June 10, 2009
9 Computer Communication Protocol data representation signaling authentication error detection Wednesday, June 10, 2009
10 Standard Organization IETF, IEEE, ISO for internet communication ITU-T for telecommunications and PSTN ITU-R for radio communications NMEA for marine electronics etc. Wednesday, June 10, 2009
11 Proprietary Standards AppleTalk DECnet IPX/SPX Server Message Block (SMB) and CIFS Systems Network Architecture (SNA) Apple Filing Protocol (AFP) Wednesday, June 10, 2009
12 Local Area Network (LAN) Operate within a limited geographical area Usually required high data rate transmission Control the network privately under local administration Provide full-time connectivity to local services Connect physically adjacent devices Wednesday, June 10, 2009
13
14 LAN Devices
15 LAN Devices Repeater Wednesday, June 10, 2009
16 LAN Devices Repeater HUB Wednesday, June 10, 2009
17 LAN Devices Repeater HUB Bridge Wednesday, June 10, 2009
18 LAN Devices Repeater HUB Bridge Ethernet Switch Wednesday, June 10, 2009
19 LAN Devices Repeater HUB Bridge Ethernet Switch Router Wednesday, June 10, 2009
20 Wide Area Network (WAN) Operate over a large geographical area Allow access over serial interfaces operating at lower speeds Provide full-time and part-time connectivity Connect devices separated over wide, even global areas Wednesday, June 10, 2009
21
22 WAN Devices
23 WAN Devices Router Wednesday, June 10, 2009
24 WAN Devices Router Modem, DSU/CSU, TA/NT Wednesday, June 10, 2009
25 WAN Devices Router Modem, DSU/CSU, TA/NT Communication Switch Wednesday, June 10, 2009
26 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
27 Storage Area Network (SAN) Wednesday, June 10, 2009
28 Virtual Private Network (VPN)
29 VPN Technologies
30 Intranet and Extranet
31
32 Bandwidth
33 Why bandwidth is so important? Bandwidth is limited by physics and technology Bandwidth is not free Bandwidth requirement are growing at a rapid rate Bandwidth is critical to network performance Wednesday, June 10, 2009
34 Pipe Analogy for Bandwidth Wednesday, June 10, 2009
35 Highway Analogy for Bandwidth
36 Units of Bandwidth
37 Units of Bandwidth Unit of Bandwidth Abbreviation Equivalence Wednesday, June 10, 2009
38 Units of Bandwidth Unit of Bandwidth Abbreviation Equivalence Bits per second bps 1 bps = fundamental unit of bandwidth Wednesday, June 10, 2009
39 Units of Bandwidth Unit of Bandwidth Abbreviation Equivalence Bits per second bps 1 bps = fundamental unit of bandwidth Kilobits per second kbps 1 kbps = ~1,000 bps Wednesday, June 10, 2009
40 Units of Bandwidth Unit of Bandwidth Abbreviation Equivalence Bits per second bps 1 bps = fundamental unit of bandwidth Kilobits per second kbps 1 kbps = ~1,000 bps Megabits per second Mbps 1 Mbps = ~1,000 kbps Wednesday, June 10, 2009
41 Units of Bandwidth Unit of Bandwidth Abbreviation Equivalence Bits per second bps 1 bps = fundamental unit of bandwidth Kilobits per second kbps 1 kbps = ~1,000 bps Megabits per second Mbps 1 Mbps = ~1,000 kbps Gigabits per second Gbps 1Gbps = ~1,000 Mbps Wednesday, June 10, 2009
42 Units of Bandwidth Unit of Bandwidth Abbreviation Equivalence Bits per second bps 1 bps = fundamental unit of bandwidth Kilobits per second kbps 1 kbps = ~1,000 bps Megabits per second Mbps 1 Mbps = ~1,000 kbps Gigabits per second Gbps 1Gbps = ~1,000 Mbps Terabits per second Tbps 1 Tbps = ~1,000 Gbps Wednesday, June 10, 2009
43 Maximum Bandwidths and Length Limitations Wednesday, June 10, 2009
44 WAN Services and Bandwidth
45 Throughput Actual measured bandwidth throughput <= Digital Bandwidth of a medium Wednesday, June 10, 2009
46 Variables that May Affect Throughput PC (client) The server Other users on the LAN Routing within the Cloud The design (topology) of all networks involved Type of data being transferred Times of day Wednesday, June 10, 2009
47 Transfer Time Calculation
48 Audio Analogy of Bandwidth Wednesday, June 10, 2009
49
50 Networking Models
51 Analyzing Network in Layers
52 Network Comparisons
53 Network Communications
54 Layer Communications
55 OSI Model
56 Benefits of the OSI Model Reduces complexity Standardizes interfaces Facilitates modular engineering Ensures interoperate technology Accelerates evolution Simplifies teaching and learning Wednesday, June 10, 2009
57 Physical Layer
58 Datalink Layer
59 Network Layer
60 Transport Layer
61 Session Layer
62 Presentation Layer
63 Application Layer
64 Peer-to-Peer Communications
65 Peer-to-Peer Communications
66 TCP/IP Model
67 Common TCP/IP Protocols
68 Comparing TCP/IP with OSI Model
69 Data Encapsulation Wednesday, June 10, 2009
70 Data Encapsulation Example Wednesday, June 10, 2009
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