1. What is Cloud Computing (CC)? What are the Pros and Cons of CC? Technologies of CC 27

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Adrian Cannon
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1 1. What is Cloud Computing (CC)? Utility Computing First The New Features of Cloud Computing (CC) Cloud Service Provider (CSP) Thin Provisioning CC via a CSP (not via own cloud OS) Public Cloud Private Cloud Hybrid Cloud Infrastructure-as-a Service (IaaS) Resource Administration by the User The Role of the CSP Nested Virtualization Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) Special Access-Offers Community Cloud Virtual Private Cloud Multi Cloud CC with own Cloud OS (not via CSP) What are the Pros and Cons of CC? CC via CSP Pros Server Consolidation via VM Migration Cons Vendor-Lock-in CC with own Cloud OS Pros for own Cloud OS Cons for own Cloud OS Technologies of CC Common Technologies for Both, CSP Clouds and Own Cloud Tenant and Multi-Tenancy Tenant Multi-Tenancy Linux Containers (LXCs) Cgroups Namespace Isolation LXC Functionalities Virtualization by means of VMs Auto-Scaling Disjoint Software Technologies Specific Technologies for CC via CSPs Language and Platform-specific APIs 35 0

2 3.8. Specific Technologies for CC via own Cloud OS Location of own Cloud OS Basic Services in own Cloud OS Virtual Machines (VMs) What is a VM? Advantages of Virtualization Setup of a VM Disadvantages of Virtualization Host OS and Guest OS Hypervisor ESXi, Hyper-V and KVM/QEMU Paravirtualization Virtio for Paravirtualization Server Virtualization Comparison between Classical Computer and Virtualized Server How the Host OS sees Guest OSes, QEMUs and User Applications Privileged CPU instructions in Guest OS Server Virtualization in a Cloud Virtualization of Memory, CPU and IO Memory Virtualization Virtual Shared Memory CPU Virtualization IO Virtualization Example of IO Virtualization by Sending an from a VM Hardware Accelerators for Server Virtualization Accelerators for Memory Virtualization Accelerators for CPU Virtualization Accelerators for IO Virtualization SR-IOV Status of Hardware Accelerators for Server Virtualization Summary of Hardware Accelerators Inter-vCPU and Inter-VM Communication on the Same Server Inter-VM Communication Without Ivshmem Tap Device Macvlan Driver Macvtap Inefficient Inter-VM Communication as Result Inter-VM Communication With Ivshmem Inter-VM Communication between Servers without Cloud OS Inter-VM Communication between Servers with Cloud OS Inter-VM Communication between Servers with OpenStack 80 1

3 6. Overview on OpenStack and its Services REST Protocol Calling and Controlling an OpenStack Service Extended UUID Usage for Information Items Calling via REST API Calling from Host OS Shell Calling via GUI Caveats Calling via CLI Calling via UUID Overview on OpenStack Services The 10 Most-Important OpenStack Services The Smallest Possible OpenStack System Controller Node and Other Nodes Minimum Software Stack in a Compute Node Intra-Service and Inter-Service Communication oslo.messaging Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP) ZeroMQ Message Transfer Protocol (ZMTP) Notifications The Horizon Service Horizon GUI List of Tabs and Sub-tabs for the User GUI Compute Tab Volume Tab Network Tab Object Store Tab List of Tabs and Sub-tabs for the Admin GUI Overview Tab Compute Tab Volume Tab Network Tab System Tab Horizon Projects (Tenants) And User Authorization Extensions to Horizon Abstract Service API of Horizon Horizon GUI Terminology General OpenStack Terminology The Nova Service Nova Compute Cells Nova Internal Setup Parallel Processing Inside of Nova Communication Between Nova Components The Neutron Service Neutron Task List Neutron Software Defined Networks 132 2

4 Neutron Components for ISO Layer 2 Operation Neutron Components for ISO layer 3 Operation Further Neutron Components Types of Data to be Exchanged in OpenStack Example of Data-Type Exchanges Example Neutron Network Topology The Keystone Service Keystone Terminology Securing API Requests Fernet Tokens The Algorithms in a Fernet Token Creating a Fernet Token Using a Fernet Token Checking the Fernet Token Example Interplay Between Caller, Callee and Horizon Advantages of Fernet Tokens Disadvantages of Fernet Tokens Token Revocation Keystone REST Request Examples Internal Keystone Setup The Cinder Service Cinder Terminology Cinder s External Setup Cinder s Internal Setup Cinder Virtual Hard Drive Attachment of a Virtual Hard Drive to a VM Accessing Records in Cinder Volumes Cinder Snapshot Cinder Backup Cinder Volume Encryption The Swift Service Swift Terminology Object Replication Asynchonous Eventual Consistency for Replicas Erasure Codes Swift Use Case for Erasure Codes Swift Data Hierarchy Swift Accounts Swift Containers Swift Objects Internal Swift Setup Account Components Container Components Object Components Proxy Server Functional Concept of Swift Manifest Objects Swift Proxies Replica Policy Erasure Code Policy 177 3

5 Load Balancing Hash Ring Ring Partition Number Replica-to-Partition-to-Device Table nd Table In the Hash Ring The Swift-Ring-Builder The Glance Service Glance Internal Setup Glance Tasks The Trove Service Trove Terminology Classification of Trove Datastores Storage Locations Trove Configuration Groups Trove Internal Setup Database-VM Minimum-Requirements Trove Guest-Agent Configuration Save Inter-Component Communication Managing DBMSes and their Datastores The Trove API Create and Manage Database VMs Create and Manage and Databases Manage Datastores Create and Manage Replicas of Database VMs Create and Manage Backups of Database VMs Create and Manage Configuration Groups The Ceilometer Service Ceilometer Terminology Types of Meters Ceilometer Components Ceilometer Operations Collecting Usage Data Collecting Events Collecting Alarms Supported Hypervisors Other Supported Tools The Heat Service Orchestrating AWS CloudFormation Templates Heat Orchestration Templates Difference between Heat Stack and HOT Heat Setup Heat Terminology The native Heat API Overview Using AWS Services Calling AWS Services 212 4

6 7.2.1 Calling Via an SDK Regional Endpoints For Calls AWS Accounts and Users AWS Account IDs AWS Resource Names (ARNs) AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) Account Access Keys IAM User Access Key Temporary IAM Credentials Data Protection and AA in REST Requests Description of Selected AWS Services Simple Storage Service (S3) Buckets Creation of a Bucket Folders in a Bucket Retrieving Objects in a Bucket Automatic Versioning of Objects Website Hosting Additional AA for Buckets Bucket-Access Control-Lists (ACLs) Bucket Access Policies Other Access Policies and ACLs Object-Access Control-Lists User Access Policies Personal Opinion Entity Tag for Data Protection Eventual Consistency and Simultaneous Writing Storage Classes Calling S S3 REST API Operations On Buckets Operations On Objects Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) DynamoDB Data Storage and Retrieval Primary Key Secondary Key Global Secondary Key Local Secondary Key Multiple Secondary Indices DynamoDB Streams 238 5

Cloud Computing. Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Cloud Computing. Amazon Web Services (AWS) Cloud Computing What is Cloud Computing? Benefit of cloud computing Overview of IAAS, PAAS, SAAS Types Of Cloud private, public & hybrid Amazon Web Services (AWS) Introduction to Cloud Computing. Introduction