DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS Principles and Paradigms Second Edition ANDREW S. TANENBAUM MAARTEN VAN STEEN. Chapter 1. Introduction
|
|
- Heather Parks
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS Principles and Paradigms Second Edition ANDREW S. TANENBAUM MAARTEN VAN STEEN Chapter 1 Introduction Modified by: Dr. Ramzi Saifan
2 Definition of a Distributed System (1) A distributed system is a collection of autonomous computing elements that appears to its users as a single coherent system. Autonomous computing elements, also referred to as nodes, be the hardware devices or software processes. Single coherent system: users or applications perceive a single system nodes need to collaborate.
3 Collection of autonomous nodes Independent behavior Each node is autonomous and will thus have its own notion of time: there is no global clock. Leads to fundamental synchronization and coordination problems. Collection of nodes How to manage group membership? How to know that you are indeed communicating with an authorized(non)member?
4 Overlay network Organization Each node in the collection communicates only with other nodes in the system, its neighbors. The set of neighbors may be dynamic, or may even be known only implicitly (i.e., requires a lookup). Overlay types: Well-known example of overlay networks: peer-to-peer systems. Structured: each node has a well-defined set of neighbors with whom it can communicate (tree, ring). Unstructured: each node has references to randomly selected other nodes from the system.
5 Essence Coherent system The collection of nodes as a whole operates the same, no matter where, when, and how interaction between a user and the system takes place. Examples An end user cannot tell where a computation is taking place Where data is exactly stored should be irrelevant to an application If or not data has been replicated is completely hidden Keyword is distribution transparency The snag: partial failures It is inevitable that at any time only a part of the distributed system fails. Hiding partial failures and their recovery is often very difficult and in general impossible to hide.. Tanenbaum & Van Steen, Distributed Systems: Principles and Paradigms, 3e, (c) 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved
6 Middleware: OS of Distributed Systems The middleware layer extends over multiple machines, and offers each application the same interface. What does it contain? Commonly used components and functions that need not be implemented by applications separately.
7 What do we want to achieve? 1. Sharing resources 2. Transparency 3. Openness 4. Scalability
8 Transparency in a Distributed System Figure 1-2. Different forms of transparency in a distributed system (ISO, 1995).
9 Degree of transparency Aiming at full distribution transparency may be too much: There are communication latencies that cannot be hidden Completely hiding failures of networks and nodes is (theoretically and practically) impossible You cannot distinguish a slow computer from a failing one You can never be sure that a server actually performed an operation before a crash Full transparency will cost performance, exposing distribution of the system Keeping replicas exactly up-to-date with the master takes time Immediately flushing write operations to disk for fault tolerance Conclusion: distribution transparency is a nice a goal, but achieving it is a different story, and it should often not even be aimed at.
10 Openness of distributed systems Open distributed system: Be able to interact with services from other open systems, irrespective of the underlying environment: osystems should conform to well-defined interfaces osystems should support portability of applications osystems should easily interoperate osystems should be extensible Achieving openness: At least make the distributed system independent from heterogeneity of the underlying environment: ohardware oplatforms olanguages
11 Degrees of scalability 1. Size 2. Geographic 3. Administrative
12 Scalability Problems Figure 1-3. Examples of scalability limitations.
13 Characteristics of decentralized algorithms: No machine has complete information about the system state. Machines make decisions based only on local information. Failure of one machine does not ruin the algorithm. There is no implicit assumption that a global clock exists.
14 Problems with geographical scalability Cannot simply go from LAN to WAN: many distributed systems assume synchronous client-server interactions: client sends request and waits for an answer. Latency may easily prohibit this scheme. WAN links are often inherently unreliable: simply moving streaming video from LAN to WAN is bound to fail. Lack of multipoint communication, so that a simple search broadcast cannot be deployed. Solution is to develop separate naming and directory services (having their own scalability problems).
15 Problems with administrative scalability Conflicting policies concerning usage (and thus payment), management, and security. We do not trust others. When multiple domains, security is an issue. How to trust the other system. How they manage my data and who gets access to it. Example when multiple cloud organizations are interacting to introduce multiple services to the client. Another example, sensor networks which collect data and send it to a central point.
16 Scaling techniques Hide communication latencies Make use of asynchronous communication (interrupt) Have separate handler for incoming response (multithreading) Problem: not every application fits this model (interactive) Partition data and computations across multiple machines Move computations to clients (Java applets) Decentralized naming services (DNS) Decentralized information systems (WWW) Replication and caching: Make copies of data available at different machines Replicated file servers and databases Web caches (in browsers and proxies) File caching (at server and client)
17 Scaling Techniques (1) Figure 1-4. The difference between letting (a) a server or (b) a client check forms as they are being filled.
18 Scaling Techniques (2) Figure 1-5. An example of dividing the DNS name space into zones.
19 Scaling Techniques (3) Replication: Replicated file servers and databases, Mirrored Web sites o o o o Performance enhancement Fault tolerance Load balancing Geographic scalability Cache is a replication example. Problems of replication: consistency, cost tradeoff. Strong consistency: needs global synchronization. The global synch may hinder replication for large systems.
20 Pitfalls when Developing Distributed Systems False assumptions made by first time developer: The network is reliable. The network is secure. The network is homogeneous. The topology does not change. Latency is zero. Bandwidth is infinite. Transport cost is zero. There is one administrator.
21 Types of Distributed Systems 1. High performance distributed computing systems a) Cluster systems b) Grid systems c) Cloud Computing 2. Distributed information systems a) Transactions processing b) Integrated enterprise applications 3. Distributed pervasive systems a) Electronic health care systems b) Sensor networks
22 Parallel computing High-performance distributed computing started with parallel computing. Multi processor: shared memory Multi computer Distributed shared memory
23 Cluster Computing Systems Figure 1-6. An example of a cluster computing system.
24 Grid Computing Systems Figure 1-7. A layered architecture for grid computing systems.
25 Cloud Computing
26 Is cloud computing cost-effective? Outsource the entire infrastructure. hardware and software. More than just providing high performance computing. Is outsourcing also cheaper?
27 Is cloud computing cost-effective? There is objective function that must contain costs and benefits. Also, a set of constraints.
28 Transaction Processing Systems (1) Figure 1-8. Example primitives for transactions.
29 Transaction Processing Systems (2) Characteristic properties of transactions (ACID): Atomic: To the outside world, the transaction happens indivisibly. Consistent: The transaction does not violate system invariants. Isolated: Concurrent transactions do not interfere with each other. Durable: Once a transaction commits, the changes are permanent.
30 Transaction Processing Systems (3) Figure 1-9. A nested transaction.
31 Transaction Processing Systems (4) Figure The role of a TP monitor in distributed systems.
32 Enterprise Application Integration Middleware offers communication facilities for integration Remote Procedure Call (RPC): Requests are sent through local procedure call, packaged as message, processed, responded through message, and result returned as return from call. Message Oriented Middleware (MOM): Messages are sent to logical contact point (published), and forwarded to subscribed applications.
33 How to integrate applications File transfer: Technically simple, but not flexible: Figure out file format and layout Figure out file management Update propagation, and update notifications. Shared database: Much more flexible, but still requires common data scheme next to risk of bottleneck. Remote procedure call: Effective when execution of a series of actions is needed. Messaging: RPCs require caller and callee to be up and running at the same time. Messaging allows decoupling in time and space.
34 Distributed Pervasive Systems Requirements for pervasive systems Embrace contextual changes: changes in the networks is always expected. Encourage ad hoc composition. Recognize sharing as the default. Three (overlapping) subtypes Ubiquitous computing systems: pervasive and continuously present, i.e., there is a continuous interaction between system and user. Mobile computing systems: pervasive, but emphasis is on the fact that devices are inherently mobile. Sensor (and actuator) networks: pervasive, with emphasis on the actual (collaborative) sensing and actuation of the environment.
35 Sensor Networks (1) Questions concerning sensor networks: How do we (dynamically) set up an efficient tree in a sensor network? How does aggregation of results take place? Can it be controlled? What happens when network links fail?
36 Sensor Networks (2) Figure Organizing a sensor network database, while storing and processing data (a) only at the operator s site or
37 Sensor Networks (3) Figure Organizing a sensor network database, while storing and processing data or (b) only at the sensors.
38 Duty-cycled networks Many sensor networks need to operate on a strict energy budget: introduce duty cycles A node is active during T active time units, and then suspended for T suspended units, to become active again. Duty cycle = T active /(T active +T suspended ) Typical duty cycles are 10 30%, but can also be lower than 1%
39 Keeping duty-cycled networks in sync If duty cycles are low, sensor nodes may not wake up at the same time anymore and become permanently disconnected: they are active during different, non-overlapping time slots. Solution Each node A adopts a cluster ID C A, being a number. Let a node send a join message during its suspended period. When A receives a join message from B and C A <C B, it sends a join message to its neighbors (in cluster C A ) before joining B. When C A >C B it sends a join message to B during B s active period. Note Once a join message reaches a whole cluster, merging two clusters is very fast. Merging means: re-adjust clocks.
DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS Principles and Paradigms Second Edition ANDREW S. TANENBAUM MAARTEN VAN STEEN. Chapter 1. Introduction
DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS Principles and Paradigms Second Edition ANDREW S. TANENBAUM MAARTEN VAN STEEN Chapter 1 Introduction Definition of a Distributed System (1) A distributed system is: A collection of
More informationDistributed Systems. Chapter 1: Introduction
Distributed Systems (3rd Edition) Chapter 1: Introduction Version: February 25, 2017 2/56 Introduction: What is a distributed system? Distributed System Definition A distributed system is a collection
More informationDistributed Systems. Edited by. Ghada Ahmed, PhD. Fall (3rd Edition) Maarten van Steen and Tanenbaum
Distributed Systems (3rd Edition) Maarten van Steen and Tanenbaum Edited by Ghada Ahmed, PhD Fall 2017 Introduction: What is a distributed system? Distributed System Definition A distributed system is
More informationCA464 Distributed Programming
1 / 25 CA464 Distributed Programming Lecturer: Martin Crane Office: L2.51 Phone: 8974 Email: martin.crane@computing.dcu.ie WWW: http://www.computing.dcu.ie/ mcrane Course Page: "/CA464NewUpdate Textbook
More informationDistributed Systems Principles and Paradigms. Chapter 01: Introduction. Contents. Distributed System: Definition.
Distributed Systems Principles and Paradigms Maarten van Steen VU Amsterdam, Dept. Computer Science Room R4.20, steen@cs.vu.nl Chapter 01: Version: February 21, 2011 1 / 26 Contents Chapter 01: 02: Architectures
More informationDistributed Systems Principles and Paradigms. Chapter 01: Introduction
Distributed Systems Principles and Paradigms Maarten van Steen VU Amsterdam, Dept. Computer Science Room R4.20, steen@cs.vu.nl Chapter 01: Introduction Version: October 25, 2009 2 / 26 Contents Chapter
More informationDistributed Systems Principles and Paradigms
Distributed Systems Principles and Paradigms Chapter 01 (version September 5, 2007) Maarten van Steen Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Faculty of Science Dept. Mathematics and Computer Science Room R4.20.
More informationCSE 5306 Distributed Systems. Course Introduction
CSE 5306 Distributed Systems Course Introduction 1 Instructor and TA Dr. Donggang Liu @ CSE Web: http://ranger.uta.edu/~dliu Email: dliu@uta.edu Phone: 817-2720741 Office: ERB 555 Office hours: Tus/Ths
More informationIntroduction. Distributed Systems IT332
Introduction Distributed Systems IT332 2 Outline Definition of A Distributed System Goals of Distributed Systems Types of Distributed Systems 3 Definition of A Distributed System A distributed systems
More informationChapter 1: Introduction 1/29
Chapter 1: Introduction 1/29 What is a Distributed System? A distributed system is a collection of independent computers that appears to its users as a single coherent system. 2/29 Characteristics of a
More informationDistributed Systems. Overview. Distributed Systems September A distributed system is a piece of software that ensures that:
Distributed Systems Overview Distributed Systems September 2002 1 Distributed System: Definition A distributed system is a piece of software that ensures that: A collection of independent computers that
More informationChapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS (ddist) 2007 Plan Definition Characteristics of distributed systems Main types of distributed systems Definition of a Distributed System (1) A distributed system
More informationIntroduction to Distributed Systems (DS)
Introduction to Distributed Systems (DS) INF5040/9040 autumn 2009 lecturer: Frank Eliassen Frank Eliassen, Ifi/UiO 1 Outline What is a distributed system? Challenges and benefits of distributed system
More informationIntroduction to Distributed Systems. INF5040/9040 Autumn 2018 Lecturer: Eli Gjørven (ifi/uio)
Introduction to Distributed Systems INF5040/9040 Autumn 2018 Lecturer: Eli Gjørven (ifi/uio) August 28, 2018 Outline Definition of a distributed system Goals of a distributed system Implications of distributed
More informationIntroduction Distributed Systems
Introduction Distributed Systems Today Welcome Distributed systems definition, goals and challenges What is a distributed system? Very broad definition Collection of components, located at networked computers,
More informationAdvanced Distributed Systems
Course Plan and Department of Computer Science Indian Institute of Technology New Delhi, India Outline Plan 1 Plan 2 3 Message-Oriented Lectures - I Plan Lecture Topic 1 and Structure 2 Client Server,
More informationIntroduction to Distributed Systems (DS)
Introduction to Distributed Systems (DS) INF5040/9040 autumn 2014 lecturer: Frank Eliassen Frank Eliassen, Ifi/UiO 1 Outline Ø What is a distributed system? Ø Challenges and benefits of distributed systems
More informationDistributed Information Processing
Distributed Information Processing 1 st Lecture Eom, Hyeonsang ( 엄현상 ) Department of Computer Science & Engineering Seoul National University Copyrights 2017 Eom, Hyeonsang All Rights Reserved Outline
More informationOutline. Definition of a Distributed System Goals of a Distributed System Types of Distributed Systems
Distributed Systems Outline Definition of a Distributed System Goals of a Distributed System Types of Distributed Systems What Is A Distributed System? A collection of independent computers that appears
More informationChapter 1: Distributed Systems: What is a distributed system? Fall 2013
Chapter 1: Distributed Systems: What is a distributed system? Fall 2013 Course Goals and Content n Distributed systems and their: n Basic concepts n Main issues, problems, and solutions n Structured and
More informationIntroduction to Distributed Systems
Introduction to Distributed Systems Distributed Systems L-A Sistemi Distribuiti L-A Andrea Omicini andrea.omicini@unibo.it Ingegneria Due Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna a Cesena Academic Year
More informationConcepts of Distributed Systems 2006/2007
Concepts of Distributed Systems 2006/2007 Introduction & overview Johan Lukkien 1 Introduction & overview Communication Distributed OS & Processes Synchronization Security Consistency & replication Programme
More informationIntroduction to Distributed Systems
Introduction to Distributed Systems Distributed Systems Sistemi Distribuiti Andrea Omicini andrea.omicini@unibo.it Ingegneria Due Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna a Cesena Academic Year 2011/2012
More information02 - Distributed Systems
02 - Distributed Systems Definition Coulouris 1 (Dis)advantages Coulouris 2 Challenges Saltzer_84.pdf Models Physical Architectural Fundamental 2/58 Definition Distributed Systems Distributed System is
More information02 - Distributed Systems
02 - Distributed Systems Definition Coulouris 1 (Dis)advantages Coulouris 2 Challenges Saltzer_84.pdf Models Physical Architectural Fundamental 2/60 Definition Distributed Systems Distributed System is
More informationDistributed Systems LEEC (2006/07 2º Sem.)
Distributed Systems LEEC (2006/07 2º Sem.) Introduction João Paulo Carvalho Universidade Técnica de Lisboa / Instituto Superior Técnico Outline Definition of a Distributed System Goals Connecting Users
More informationTDP3471 Distributed and Parallel Computing
TDP3471 Distributed and Parallel Computing Lecture 1 Dr. Ian Chai ianchai@mmu.edu.my FIT Building: Room BR1024 Office : 03-8312-5379 Schedule for Dr. Ian (including consultation hours) available at http://pesona.mmu.edu.my/~ianchai/schedule.pdf
More informationDISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS. Second Edition. Andrew S. Tanenbaum Maarten Van Steen. Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 7'he Netherlands PEARSON.
DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS 121r itac itple TAYAdiets Second Edition Andrew S. Tanenbaum Maarten Van Steen Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 7'he Netherlands PEARSON Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 CONTENTS
More informationDistributed Systems. Prof. Dr. Schahram Dustdar Distributed Systems Group Vienna University of Technology. dsg.tuwien.ac.
Distributed Systems Prof. Dr. Schahram Dustdar Distributed Systems Group Vienna University of Technology dustdar@dsg.tuwien.ac.at dsg.tuwien.ac.at Outline 1. History 2. What is a distributed system? 3.
More informationDistributed Systems. Lecture 4 Othon Michail COMP 212 1/27
Distributed Systems COMP 212 Lecture 4 Othon Michail 1/27 What is a Distributed System? A distributed system is: A collection of independent computers that appears to its users as a single coherent system
More informationAnnouncements. me your survey: See the Announcements page. Today. Reading. Take a break around 10:15am. Ack: Some figures are from Coulouris
Announcements Email me your survey: See the Announcements page Today Conceptual overview of distributed systems System models Reading Today: Chapter 2 of Coulouris Next topic: client-side processing (HTML,
More informationDistributed Systems. Characteristics of Distributed Systems. Lecture Notes 1 Basic Concepts. Operating Systems. Anand Tripathi
1 Lecture Notes 1 Basic Concepts Anand Tripathi CSci 8980 Operating Systems Anand Tripathi CSci 8980 1 Distributed Systems A set of computers (hosts or nodes) connected through a communication network.
More informationDistributed Systems. Characteristics of Distributed Systems. Characteristics of Distributed Systems. Goals in Distributed System Designs
1 Anand Tripathi CSci 8980 Operating Systems Lecture Notes 1 Basic Concepts Distributed Systems A set of computers (hosts or nodes) connected through a communication network. Nodes may have different speeds
More informationIntroduction to Distributed Systems
Introduction to Distributed Systems Distributed Systems L-A Sistemi Distribuiti L-A Andrea Omicini andrea.omicini@unibo.it Ingegneria Due Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna a Cesena Academic Year
More informationIntroduction to Distributed Systems
Introduction to Distributed Systems Distributed Systems Sistemi Distribuiti Andrea Omicini andrea.omicini@unibo.it Dipartimento di Informatica Scienza e Ingegneria (DISI) Alma Mater Studiorum Università
More informationClient Server & Distributed System. A Basic Introduction
Client Server & Distributed System A Basic Introduction 1 Client Server Architecture A network architecture in which each computer or process on the network is either a client or a server. Source: http://webopedia.lycos.com
More informationDistributed Systems. Prof. Dr. Schahram Dustdar Distributed Systems Group Vienna University of Technology. dsg.tuwien.ac.
Distributed Systems Prof. Dr. Schahram Dustdar Distributed Systems Group Vienna University of Technology dustdar@dsg.tuwien.ac.at dsg.tuwien.ac.at Outline 1. History 2. What is a distributed system? 3.
More informationAssignment 5. Georgia Koloniari
Assignment 5 Georgia Koloniari 2. "Peer-to-Peer Computing" 1. What is the definition of a p2p system given by the authors in sec 1? Compare it with at least one of the definitions surveyed in the last
More informationIntroduction to Distributed Systems
Introduction to Distributed Systems Minsoo Ryu Department of Computer Science and Engineering 2 Definition A distributed system is a collection of independent computers that appears to its users as a single
More informationCS655: Advanced Topics in Distributed Systems [Fall 2013] Dept. Of Computer Science, Colorado State University
Topics covered in this lecture CS 655: ADVANCED TOPICS IN DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS [INTRODUCTION] Shrideep Pallickara Computer Science Colorado State University Course outline Grading Policy Critical reviews
More informationSystem Models for Distributed Systems
System Models for Distributed Systems INF5040/9040 Autumn 2015 Lecturer: Amir Taherkordi (ifi/uio) August 31, 2015 Outline 1. Introduction 2. Physical Models 4. Fundamental Models 2 INF5040 1 System Models
More informationWhat is a distributed system?
CS 378 Intro to Distributed Computing Lorenzo Alvisi Harish Rajamani What is a distributed system? A distributed system is one in which the failure of a computer you didn t even know existed can render
More informationDistributed File Systems. CS432: Distributed Systems Spring 2017
Distributed File Systems Reading Chapter 12 (12.1-12.4) [Coulouris 11] Chapter 11 [Tanenbaum 06] Section 4.3, Modern Operating Systems, Fourth Ed., Andrew S. Tanenbaum Section 11.4, Operating Systems Concept,
More informationDistributed Operating Systems Fall Prashant Shenoy UMass Computer Science. CS677: Distributed OS
Distributed Operating Systems Fall 2009 Prashant Shenoy UMass http://lass.cs.umass.edu/~shenoy/courses/677 1 Course Syllabus CMPSCI 677: Distributed Operating Systems Instructor: Prashant Shenoy Email:
More informationOutline. Distributed Computing Systems. The Rise of Distributed Systems. Depiction of a Distributed System 4/15/2014
Outline Distributed Computing Systems Overview of Distributed Systems Overview Goals Software Client Server Andrew Tanenbaum and Marten van Steen, Distributed Systems Principles and Paradigms, Prentice
More informationIntroduction to Distributed Systems
Introduction to Distributed Systems Other matters: review of the Bakery Algorithm: why can t we simply keep track of the last ticket taken and the next ticvket to be called? Ref: [Coulouris&al Ch 1, 2]
More informationSystem models for distributed systems
System models for distributed systems INF5040/9040 autumn 2010 lecturer: Frank Eliassen INF5040 H2010, Frank Eliassen 1 System models Purpose illustrate/describe common properties and design choices for
More informationDesigning Issues For Distributed Computing System: An Empirical View
ISSN: 2278 0211 (Online) Designing Issues For Distributed Computing System: An Empirical View Dr. S.K Gandhi, Research Guide Department of Computer Science & Engineering, AISECT University, Bhopal (M.P),
More informationIntroduction to Distributed Systems
Introduction to Distributed Systems Distributed Systems Sistemi Distribuiti Andrea Omicini andrea.omicini@unibo.it Dipartimento di Informatica Scienza e Ingegneria (DISI) Alma Mater Studiorum Università
More informationChapter 17: Distributed Systems (DS)
Chapter 17: Distributed Systems (DS) Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2013 Chapter 17: Distributed Systems Advantages of Distributed Systems Types of Network-Based Operating Systems Network Structure Communication
More informationDistributed Systems Principles and Paradigms. Chapter 12: Distributed Web-Based Systems
Distributed Systems Principles and Paradigms Maarten van Steen VU Amsterdam, Dept. Computer Science steen@cs.vu.nl Chapter 12: Distributed -Based Systems Version: December 10, 2012 Distributed -Based Systems
More informationDistributed Operating Systems Spring Prashant Shenoy UMass Computer Science.
Distributed Operating Systems Spring 2008 Prashant Shenoy UMass Computer Science http://lass.cs.umass.edu/~shenoy/courses/677 Lecture 1, page 1 Course Syllabus CMPSCI 677: Distributed Operating Systems
More informationDistributed System: Definition
2 / 25 Introduction Distributed System: Definition Definition A distributed system is a piece of software that ensures that: a collection of independent computers appears to its users as a single coherent
More informationIntroduction to Distributed Systems
Introduction to Distributed Systems Distributed Systems Sistemi Distribuiti Andrea Omicini andrea.omicini@unibo.it Dipartimento di Informatica Scienza e Ingegneria (DISI) Alma Mater Studiorum Università
More informationVerteilte Systeme (Distributed Systems)
Verteilte Systeme (Distributed Systems) Karl M. Göschka Karl.Goeschka@tuwien.ac.at http://www.infosys.tuwien.ac.at/teaching/courses/ VerteilteSysteme/ Lecture organization Lecture schedule (may change!)
More informationDISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS Principles and Paradigms Second Edition ANDREW S. TANENBAUM MAARTEN VAN STEEN. Chapter 2 ARCHITECTURES
DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS Principles and Paradigms Second Edition ANDREW S. TANENBAUM MAARTEN VAN STEEN Chapter 2 ARCHITECTURES Architectural Styles Important styles of architecture for distributed systems Layered
More informationCS /15/16. Paul Krzyzanowski 1. Question 1. Distributed Systems 2016 Exam 2 Review. Question 3. Question 2. Question 5.
Question 1 What makes a message unstable? How does an unstable message become stable? Distributed Systems 2016 Exam 2 Review Paul Krzyzanowski Rutgers University Fall 2016 In virtual sychrony, a message
More informationCS555: Distributed Systems [Fall 2017] Dept. Of Computer Science, Colorado State University
CS 555: DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS [P2P SYSTEMS] Shrideep Pallickara Computer Science Colorado State University Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey Byzantine failures vs malicious nodes
More informationModule 1 - Distributed System Architectures & Models
Module 1 - Distributed System Architectures & Models System Architecture Defines the structure of the system components identified functions of each component defined interrelationships and interactions
More informationBasic vs. Reliable Multicast
Basic vs. Reliable Multicast Basic multicast does not consider process crashes. Reliable multicast does. So far, we considered the basic versions of ordered multicasts. What about the reliable versions?
More informationDatacenter replication solution with quasardb
Datacenter replication solution with quasardb Technical positioning paper April 2017 Release v1.3 www.quasardb.net Contact: sales@quasardb.net Quasardb A datacenter survival guide quasardb INTRODUCTION
More informationDistributed Systems Question Bank UNIT 1 Chapter 1 1. Define distributed systems. What are the significant issues of the distributed systems?
UNIT 1 Chapter 1 1. Define distributed systems. What are the significant issues of the distributed systems? 2. What are different application domains of distributed systems? Explain. 3. Discuss the different
More informationDistributed and Operating Systems Spring Prashant Shenoy UMass Computer Science.
Distributed and Operating Systems Spring 2019 Prashant Shenoy UMass http://lass.cs.umass.edu/~shenoy/courses/677!1 Course Syllabus COMPSCI 677: Distributed and Operating Systems Course web page: http://lass.cs.umass.edu/~shenoy/courses/677
More informationIt also performs many parallelization operations like, data loading and query processing.
Introduction to Parallel Databases Companies need to handle huge amount of data with high data transfer rate. The client server and centralized system is not much efficient. The need to improve the efficiency
More informationDistributed Systems Principles and Paradigms
Distributed Systems Principles and Paradigms Chapter 02 (version September 5, 2007) Maarten van Steen Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Faculty of Science Dept. Mathematics and Computer Science Room R4.20.
More informationChapter 11 DISTRIBUTED FILE SYSTEMS
DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS Principles and Paradigms Second Edition ANDREW S. TANENBAUM MAARTEN VAN STEEN Chapter 11 DISTRIBUTED FILE SYSTEMS Client-Server Architectures (1) Figure 11-1. (a) The remote access
More informationDISTRIBUTED COMPUTER SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURES
DISTRIBUTED COMPUTER SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURES Dr. Jack Lange Computer Science Department University of Pittsburgh Fall 2015 Outline System Architectural Design Issues Centralized Architectures Application
More informationDistributed Information Processing
Distributed Information Processing 14 th Lecture Eom, Hyeonsang ( 엄현상 ) Department of Computer Science & Engineering Seoul National University Copyrights 2016 Eom, Hyeonsang All Rights Reserved Outline
More informationDistributed Systems COMP 212. Revision 2 Othon Michail
Distributed Systems COMP 212 Revision 2 Othon Michail Synchronisation 2/55 How would Lamport s algorithm synchronise the clocks in the following scenario? 3/55 How would Lamport s algorithm synchronise
More informationTelecommunication Services Engineering Lab. Roch H. Glitho
1 Support Infrastructure Support infrastructure for application layer Why? Re-usability across application layer protocols Modularity (i.e. separation between application layer protocol specification /
More informationParallel and Distributed Systems. Programming Models. Why Parallel or Distributed Computing? What is a parallel computer?
Parallel and Distributed Systems Instructor: Sandhya Dwarkadas Department of Computer Science University of Rochester What is a parallel computer? A collection of processing elements that communicate and
More informationTHE IMPACT OF E-COMMERCE ON DEVELOPING A COURSE IN OPERATING SYSTEMS: AN INTERPRETIVE STUDY
THE IMPACT OF E-COMMERCE ON DEVELOPING A COURSE IN OPERATING SYSTEMS: AN INTERPRETIVE STUDY Reggie Davidrajuh, Stavanger University College, Norway, reggie.davidrajuh@tn.his.no ABSTRACT This paper presents
More information3C05 - Advanced Software Engineering Thursday, April 29, 2004
Distributed Software Architecture Using Middleware Avtar Raikmo Overview Middleware What is middleware? Why do we need middleware? Types of middleware Distributed Software Architecture Business Object
More informationConsistency & Replication in Distributed Systems
Consistency & Replication in Distributed Systems Distributed Systems Sistemi Distribuiti Andrea Omicini andrea.omicini@unibo.it Ingegneria Due Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna a Cesena Academic
More informationADAPTIVE AND DYNAMIC LOAD BALANCING METHODOLOGIES FOR DISTRIBUTED ENVIRONMENT
ADAPTIVE AND DYNAMIC LOAD BALANCING METHODOLOGIES FOR DISTRIBUTED ENVIRONMENT PhD Summary DOCTORATE OF PHILOSOPHY IN COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING By Sandip Kumar Goyal (09-PhD-052) Under the Supervision
More informationOverview. Distributed Systems. Distributed Software Architecture Using Middleware. Components of a system are not always held on the same host
Distributed Software Architecture Using Middleware Mitul Patel 1 Overview Distributed Systems Middleware What is it? Why do we need it? Types of Middleware Example Summary 2 Distributed Systems Components
More informationIntroduction to Peer-to-Peer Systems
Introduction Introduction to Peer-to-Peer Systems Peer-to-peer (PP) systems have become extremely popular and contribute to vast amounts of Internet traffic PP basic definition: A PP system is a distributed
More informationChapter 2 System Models
CSF661 Distributed Systems 分散式系統 Chapter 2 System Models 吳俊興國立高雄大學資訊工程學系 Chapter 2 System Models 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Physical models 2.3 Architectural models 2.4 Fundamental models 2.5 Summary 2 A physical
More informationCS555: Distributed Systems [Fall 2017] Dept. Of Computer Science, Colorado State University
CS 555: DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS [REPLICATION & CONSISTENCY] Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey Shrideep Pallickara Computer Science Colorado State University L25.1 L25.2 Topics covered
More informationDistributed Systems Course. a.o. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Harald Kosch
Distributed Systems Course a.o. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Harald Kosch Topics Introduction Advantages, Disadvantages, Hard/Soft Concepts Network / Distributed Operating Systems Basics of Communication Models (Client/Server,
More informationConsistency & Replication
Objectives Consistency & Replication Instructor: Dr. Tongping Liu To understand replication and related issues in distributed systems" To learn about how to keep multiple replicas consistent with each
More informationDISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS [COMP9243] Lecture 9b: Distributed File Systems INTRODUCTION. Transparency: Flexibility: Slide 1. Slide 3.
CHALLENGES Transparency: Slide 1 DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS [COMP9243] Lecture 9b: Distributed File Systems ➀ Introduction ➁ NFS (Network File System) ➂ AFS (Andrew File System) & Coda ➃ GFS (Google File System)
More informationMultiprocessors 2007/2008
Multiprocessors 2007/2008 Abstractions of parallel machines Johan Lukkien 1 Overview Problem context Abstraction Operating system support Language / middleware support 2 Parallel processing Scope: several
More informationDynamic Load-Balanced Multicast for Data-Intensive Applications on Clouds 1
Dynamic Load-Balanced Multicast for Data-Intensive Applications on Clouds 1 Contents: Introduction Multicast on parallel distributed systems Multicast on P2P systems Multicast on clouds High performance
More informationLecture 23 Database System Architectures
CMSC 461, Database Management Systems Spring 2018 Lecture 23 Database System Architectures These slides are based on Database System Concepts 6 th edition book (whereas some quotes and figures are used
More informationDistributed Systems. Edited by. Ghada Ahmed, PhD. Fall (3rd Edition) Maarten van Steen and Tanenbaum
Distributed Systems (3rd Edition) Maarten van Steen and Tanenbaum Edited by Ghada Ahmed, PhD Fall 2017 Communication: Foundations Layered Protocols Basic networking model Application Presentation Session
More informationDS 2009: middleware. David Evans
DS 2009: middleware David Evans de239@cl.cam.ac.uk What is middleware? distributed applications middleware remote calls, method invocations, messages,... OS comms. interface sockets, IP,... layer between
More informationHDFS Architecture. Gregory Kesden, CSE-291 (Storage Systems) Fall 2017
HDFS Architecture Gregory Kesden, CSE-291 (Storage Systems) Fall 2017 Based Upon: http://hadoop.apache.org/docs/r3.0.0-alpha1/hadoopproject-dist/hadoop-hdfs/hdfsdesign.html Assumptions At scale, hardware
More informationDistributed Systems Development
Distributed Systems Development Paulo Gandra de Sousa psousa@dei.isep.ipp.pt MSc in Computer Engineering DEI/ISEP Programação de Sistemas Distribuidos Paulo Gandra de Sousa psousa@dei.isep.ipp.pt Mestrado
More informationAgenda. What is Replication?
!"#$%% "#&'( Agenda What is Replication? Why Replicate? Approaches to Replication Master/Slave Disconnected Repositories (Git / Bitkeeper / Mercurial / Bazaar) Active/Active Master/Slave vs Active/Active
More informationDistributed Systems (5DV147)
Distributed Systems (5DV147) Replication and consistency Fall 2013 1 Replication 2 What is replication? Introduction Make different copies of data ensuring that all copies are identical Immutable data
More informationDistributed Systems Principles and Paradigms. Chapter 07: Consistency & Replication
Distributed Systems Principles and Paradigms Maarten van Steen VU Amsterdam, Dept. Computer Science Room R4.20, steen@cs.vu.nl Chapter 07: Consistency & Replication Version: November 19, 2009 2 / 42 Contents
More informationConsistency in Distributed Systems
Consistency in Distributed Systems Recall the fundamental DS properties DS may be large in scale and widely distributed 1. concurrent execution of components 2. independent failure modes 3. transmission
More informationDistributed Computing Course Instructor: Dr. Safdar Ali
Distributed Computing Course Instructor: Dr. Safdar Ali BOOKS Text Book: Andrew S. Tanenbaum and Maarten van Steen, Distributed Systems Principles and Paradigms, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007. BOOKS Reference
More informationDistributed Systems Principles and Paradigms
Distributed Systems Principles and Paradigms Chapter 03 (version February 11, 2008) Maarten van Steen Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Faculty of Science Dept. Mathematics and Computer Science Room R4.20.
More informationCS555: Distributed Systems [Fall 2017] Dept. Of Computer Science, Colorado State University
CS 555: DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS [MESSAGING SYSTEMS] Shrideep Pallickara Computer Science Colorado State University Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey Distributed Servers Security risks
More informationSupport for resource sharing Openness Concurrency Scalability Fault tolerance (reliability) Transparence. CS550: Advanced Operating Systems 2
Support for resource sharing Openness Concurrency Scalability Fault tolerance (reliability) Transparence CS550: Advanced Operating Systems 2 Share hardware,software,data and information Hardware devices
More informationChapter 6 Synchronization (2)
DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS Principles and Paradigms Second Edition ANDREW S. TANENBAUM MAARTEN VAN STEEN Chapter 6 Synchronization (2) Plan Clock synchronization in distributed systems Physical clocks Logical
More informationDistributed Systems INF Michael Welzl
Distributed Systems INF 3190 Michael Welzl What is a distributed system (DS)? Many defini8ons [Coulouris & Emmerich] A distributed system consists of hardware and sodware components located in a network
More informationDistributed Systems Principles and Paradigms
Distributed Systems Principles and Paradigms Chapter 09 (version 27th November 2001) Maarten van Steen Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Faculty of Science Dept. Mathematics and Computer Science Room R4.20.
More information