Unit 09 Computer Networks
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1 Unit 09 Computer Networks
2 Gain a knowledge about network devices. Discuss what network devices are required to create a basic network Draw a bespoke network drawing using Visio 2
3 In order to setup a network a variety of devices are required. The network devices differ according to what network you intend to setup. A network segment is a portion of a computer network where every device communicates using the same physical layer. 3
4 A simple network can be created between two computers (peer to peer). In order to create this connection each computer must have an NIC network interface card. A Network card, Network Adapter, LAN Adapter or NIC (network interface card) is a piece of computer hardware designed to allow computers to communicate over a computer network. 4
5 5
6 An NIC provides physical access to a networking medium and provides a low-level addressing system through the use of MAC (Media Access Control) addresses. It allows users to connect to each other either by using cables or wirelessly. 6
7 Cross-Over cables are used to connect two computers directly through NICs without the use of a Hub or Switch or routers. A crossover cable is a cable that maps all output signals on one electrical connector to the input signals on the other connector, allowing two electronic devices to perform full-duplex communication. Most commonly, the term refers to the Ethernet crossover cable, but other cables follow the same principle. It also allows devices to communicate without a switch, hub, or router. The Pins of the RJ-45 Connectors at both ends of a cross-over cable are connected as follows: Pin Pin 3 Pin Pin 6 Only two pairs of wires in the eight-pin RJ-45 connector are used to carry Ethernet signals. Both 10BASE-T and 100BASE-T use the same pins, a crossover cable 7
8 Compare a crossover cable to a standard Cat 5e lead. Discuss and make notes on the purpose of the crossover cable. Find out more about MAC Addresses Using the internet find out what a Modem is used for. 8
9 HNC COMPUTING - Network Concepts 9 9
10 There are a variety of different network devices that are available, each of which has a specific role within the network. Switch Hub Router Bridge Gateway Repeaters 10
11 A network switch connects network segments. A switch is intelligent, it can recognise what cable has been inserted into it and adapt to allow the network to communicate. It maintains a table of destination address and its port. When the switch receives a packet: It reads the destination address from the header information in the packet Establishes a temporary connection between the source and destination ports Sends the packet on its way, and then terminates the connection. 11
12 A network hub is a device for connecting multiple devices together, making them act as a single network segment. When a hub receives a packet at one of its ports from a PC on the network, it transmits (repeats) the packet to ALL of its ports 12
13 What is the difference between a Hub and a Switch? A hub receives a packet at one of its ports from a PC on the network, it transmits the packet to all of its ports (broadcast) thus, to all of the other PCs on the network. A hub does not use any intelligence to determine the destination of a packet, whereas a switch does. 13
14 What problems could occur as a result of using a hub? 14
15 This is a device that forwards and routes data packets along networks. A router is often included as part of a network switch. A router is located where one network meets another. It prevents the traffic on one from unnecessarily spilling over to the other. This process is known as routing. 15
16 A bridge is a device that connects two networks so that they act as if they re one network. A key feature of a bridge is to enable a large network to be partition into two smaller, more efficient networks. A bridge directs frames according to hardware assigned MAC addresses while a router makes its decisions according to assigned IP Addresses. Bridges work best in networks that are highly segregated. A bridge directs frames based on hardware assigned MAC addresses while a router uses IP Addresses. 16
17 A gateway converts protocols between different communications networks. A gateway can accept a packet formatted for one protocol (e.g. AppleTalk) and convert it to a packet formatted for another protocol (e.g. TCP/IP) before forwarding it. A gateway can be implemented in hardware, software or both, but they are usually implemented by software installed within a router. 17
18 Watch the video Switches, Routers & Hubs! Oh my! Using the internet look into the various other available network devices/terms: What is DSL and ADSL? Also including repeaters, multiplexers, Analogue and digital frequencies. Do you agree with the following descriptions of DSL and ADSL? 18
19 Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is a form of DSL. A data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional voice band modem can provide. Utilizing frequencies that are not used by a voice telephone call. A splitter - or micro filter - allows a single telephone connection to be used for both ADSL service and voice calls at the same time. 19
20 DSL or xdsl, is a family of technologies that provide digital data transmission over the wires of a local telephone network. DSL originally stood for digital subscriber loop, although in recent years, the term digital subscriber line has been widely adopted as a more marketing-friendly term for ADSL. DSL uses high frequency, while regular telephone uses low frequency on the same telephone line. DSL is the most popular version of consumer-ready DSL. 20
21 Bandwidth is the amount of data that can be transmitted within a fixed time period. Bandwidth is measured in bits per second and is usually denoted by the following: bps - bits per second Kbps - kilobits per second Mbps - megabits per second Latency is the amount of time it takes data to travel from source to destination. Data is transmitted in one of three modes: Simplex (Unidirectional transmission) is a single, one-way transmission. Half-duplex allows data to flow in one direction at a time. Full-duplex allows data to flow in both directions at the same time. 21
22 Gained knowledge about network devices Discuss what network devices are required to setup a network Create a bespoke network diagram in Visio 22
Network Devices Introduction into Network Devices
Network Devices Introduction into Network Devices Aims Gain a knowledge about network devices. Discuss what network devices are required to create a basic network Draw a bespoke network drawing using Visio
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