Opportunities and Challenges in India s Growing Computing and Wireless Broadband Market

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1 Opportunities and Challenges in India s Growing Computing and Wireless Broadband Market Abhay Karandikar Department of Electrical Engineering IIT Bombay 1

2 Digital Divide Second Largest Telecom Market-600 Million Cellphone subscribers Only 30% subscribers from rural India Low Geographical Coverage Only 60% of India 25% of villages covered Population Density Map (source: Very Low Broadband penetration 2

3 Challenges for ICT in India Affordability Monthly outgo of Rs 600, about 4% households (8 Millions) can afford telecom services Monthly outgo of Rs 900, the number is 2%. For 50% of households to bring under telecom access, the ARPU has to be under Rs 300 Human Capital Large population semi-literate Traditional interface less intuitive and more complex to use Language Skills Multi-lingual country 3

4 Affordability in Rural Per capita rural GDP is Rs Even less affordable in rural India. Cost of computer hardware is in the range of Rs Software cost still higher 4

5 Human Capital Digital skills and capacity General cognitive sense and skills necessary to make sense of online information Basic reading and writing skills required Most web information still available only in text form. Need audio/video interface. Interface Less intuitive, complex 5

6 Solutions Multilingual information access Intelligent crawling, indexing, search of data Automatic translation Better interface Handling heterogeneous data Creating relevant content Interfaces Simple and easy to use More video/audio based Affordable Access Devices Affordable Connectivity Infrastructure 6

7 TRAI Recommendation: An approach to rural telephony (March2009) Broadband practically non-existent in rural India USOF schemes suggested high speed Internet access, e-governance, ICT application Wireless broadband as preferred mechanism Wireless Broadband USOF Schemes Suggested Measures for accelerated growth 7

8 Technical Challenges for Affordable Infrastructure Backhaul connectivity Low cost wireless backhaul Technical Challenges Low ARPU Low cost infrastructure Tight integration with IP Infrastructure sharing DSL like experience Architecture for high speed High speed spectral efficiency at cell edge Power Supply Very high energy efficiency 8

9 Present Backhaul Scenario Access & Devices Backhaul Core Services TDM/ ATM/ IP / MPLS UMTS/ HSPA WiFi DSLAM GSM /EDGE TDM / ATM /ETHERNET Edge Router BSC/ RNC MSC Benefits Inexpensive radio (<$50) Low power (<10 W) PSTN License free band Internet But designed for Indoor Gateway Data centre Technical Innovation Voice Video Audio Optimized MAC for outdoor point to point link Interference management Packet for multi-hop switching link Node E1 circuit emulation for Legacy access GSM/CDMA) 9

10 Multi Operator Network Access & Devices Backhaul Core Services TDM/ ATM/ IP / MPLS Operator 1 GSM /EDGE Operator 2 PSTN Internet MSC Gateway UMTS/ HSPA Edge Router Data centre Operator 3 TDM / ATM /ETHERNET Voice Video Audio WiFi DSLAM Operator 4 BSC/ RNC Packet switching Node 10

11 Virtual Radio Access Networks Active Infrastructure Sharing Reduce BoM for RF equipment Improve energy efficiency Optimize backhaul infrastructure Load share roaming between operators Technical Innovations Intelligent switching to route and bill the user s traffic Spectrum management Interference management 11

12 IP over Distributed Cellular Architecture Access & Devices Backhaul Core Services TDM/ ATM/ IP / MPLS GSM /EDGE Present Scenario - Hierarchical Wireless access connect to packet core Heavy Link Layer PSTN Handover and QoS at access UMTS/ HSPA WiFi DSLAM TDM / ATM /ETHERNET IP Network Discovery and topology between access and core Edge Router BSC/ RNC MSC IP Gateway IP attachment at core Packet switching Node Internet Data centre Voice Video Audio 12

13 New Paradigm TDM/ ATM/ IP / MPLS Wireless access network as IP network of base stations Self Configuring Distributed Architecture TDM/ ATM/ IP / MPLS IP IP Base station cooperate to manage topology discovery Mobility, QoS and network discovery managed at IP layer 13

14 Summary Backhaul innovations- key to increasing rural coverage FRACTEL project in TTSL-IIT Bombay Center for Excellence in Telecom Low cost IP based distributed architecture can bring down cost On going research in IIT Bombay Active infrastructure sharing and energy efficient mechanisms also critical for wide spread deployment Innovations required in access devices Low cost Simple interfaces- multilingual Open source software Applications- elearning, ehealth 14