Table of Contents 1 MSTP Configuration Commands 1-1

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1 Table of Contents 1 MSTP Configuration Commands 1-1 MSTP Configuration Commands 1-1 active region-configuration 1-1 bpdu-drop any 1-1 check region-configuration 1-2 display stp 1-3 display stp abnormalport 1-7 display stp portdown 1-8 display stp region-configuration 1-9 display stp root 1-10 instance 1-10 region-name 1-11 reset stp 1-12 revision-level 1-12 stp 1-13 stp bpdu-protection 1-15 stp bridge-diameter 1-15 stp compliance 1-16 stp config-digest-snooping 1-17 stp cost 1-19 stp dot1d-trap 1-21 stp edged-port 1-22 stp loop-protection 1-23 stp max-hops 1-25 stp mcheck 1-25 stp mode 1-27 stp no-agreement-check 1-27 stp pathcost-standard 1-29 stp point-to-point 1-30 stp port priority 1-32 stp portlog 1-33 stp portlog all 1-33 stp priority 1-34 stp region-configuration 1-35 stp root primary 1-35 stp root secondary 1-37 stp root-protection 1-38 stp tc-protection 1-39 stp tc-protection threshold 1-40 stp timer forward-delay 1-41 stp timer hello 1-41 stp timer max-age 1-42 stp timer-factor 1-43 i

2 stp transmit-limit 1-44 vlan-mapping modulo 1-45 vlan-vpn tunnel 1-46 ii

3 1 MSTP Configuration Commands MSTP Configuration Commands active region-configuration active region-configuration MST region view None Use the active region-configuration command to activate the settings of a multiple spanning tree (MST) region. Configuring MST region-related parameters (especially the VLAN-to-instance mapping table) can result in network topology jitter. To reduce network topology jitter caused by such a configuration change, multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) does not recalculate spanning trees immediately after the configuration change; it does this only after you activate the new MST region-related settings or enable MSTP; only then will the new settings begin to take effect. When you carry out this command, MSTP will replace the currently running MST region related parameters with the parameters you have just configured and will perform spanning tree recalculation. Related commands: instance, region-name, revision-level, vlan-mapping modulo, check region-configuration. # Activate the MST region-related settings. System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] stp region-configuration [Sysname-mst-region] active region-configuration bpdu-drop any bpdu-drop any undo bpdu-drop any 1-1

4 Ethernet port view None Use the bpdu-drop any command to enable BPDU dropping on the Ethernet port. Use the undo bpdu-drop any command to disable BPDU dropping on the Ethernet port. By default, BPDU dropping is disabled. In a STP-enabled network, some malicious users may send BPDU packets to the switch continuously in order to destabilize the network. When a switch receives the BPDU packets, it will forward them to other switches. As a result, STP calculation is performed repeatedly, which may occupy too much CPU of the switches or cause errors in the protocol state of the BPDU packets. In order to avoid this problem, you can enable BPDU dropping on Ethernet ports. Once the function is enabled on a port, the port will not receive or forward any BPDU packets. In this way, the switch is protected against the BPDU packet attack and the STP calculation correctness is ensured. Currently, only S3100-EI series Ethernet Switches support the BPDU Dropping feature. # Enable BPDU dropping on Ethernet 1/0/1. <Sysname>system-view System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] interface Ethernet 1/0/1 [Sysname-Ethernet1/0/1] bpdu-drop any check region-configuration check region-configuration MST region view None 1-2

5 Use the check region-configuration command to display the MST region-related configuration which is being modified currently, including region name, revision level, and VLAN-to-instance mapping table. As specified in the MSTP protocol, the configurations of MST regions must be right, especially the VLAN-to-instance mapping table. MSTP-enabled switches are in the same region only when they have the same format selector (a 802.1s-defined protocol selector, which is 0 by default and cannot be configured), region name, VLAN-to-instance mapping table, and revision level. A switch cannot be in the expected region if any of the four MST region-related parameters mentioned above are not consistent with those of other switches in the region. The H3C series support only the MST region name, VLAN-to-instance mapping table, and revision level. Switches which have the settings of these parameters the same are assigned to the same MST region. This command is used to display the configuration information of inactivated MST regions. You can use this command to find the MST region the switch currently belongs to or check to see whether or not the MST region-related configuration is correct. Related commands: instance, region-name, revision-level, vlan-mapping modulo, active region-configuration. # Display the MST region-related configuration. System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] stp region-configuration [Sysname-mst-region] check region-configuration Admin Configuration Format selector :0 Region name :00e0fc Revision level :0 Instance Vlans Mapped 0 1 to 9, 11 to Table 1-1 on the fields of the check region-configuration command Field Format selector Region name Revision level Instance Vlans Mapped The selector specified by MSTP The name of the MST region The revision level of the MST region VLAN-to-instance mappings in the MST region display stp display stp [ instance instance-id ] [ interface interface-list slot slot-number ] [ brief ] 1-3

6 Any view instance-id: ID of the MSTI ranging from 0 to 16. The value of 0 refers to the common and internal spanning tree (CIST). interface-list: Ethernet port list. You can specify multiple Ethernet ports by providing this argument in the form of interface-list = { interface-type interface-number [ to interface-type interface-number ] } &<1-10>, where &<1-10> means that you can provide up to 10 port indexes/port index ranges for this argument. slot slot-number: Specifies a slot whose STP-related information is to be displayed. brief: Displays only port state and protection measures taken on the port. Use the display stp command to display the state and statistical information about one or all spanning trees. The state and statistical information about MSTP can be used to analyze and maintain the topology of a network. It can also be helpful when trying to make MSTP operate properly. If neither MSTI nor port list is specified, the command displays spanning tree information about all MSTIs on all ports in the order of port number. If only one MSTI is specified, the command displays information about the specified MSTI on all ports in the order of the port number. If only a port list is specified, the command displays information about all MSTIs on these ports in the order of the port numbers. If both an MSTI ID list and a port list are specified, the command displays spanning tree information about the specified MSTIs and the specified ports in the order of MSTI ID. MSTP state information includes: 1) Global CIST parameters: Protocol operating mode, switch priority in the CIST instance, MAC address, hello time, max age, forward delay, max hops, the common root of the CIST, the external path cost for the switch to reach the CIST common root, region root, the internal path cost for the switch to reach the region root, CIST root port of the switch, the state of the BPDU guard function (enabled or disabled), the state of the digest snooping feature (enabled or disabled), and the state of the TC-BPDU attack guard function (enabled or disabled). 2) CIST port parameters: Port protocol, port role, port priority, path cost, designated bridge, designated port, edge port/non-edge port, whether or not the link on a port is a point-to-point link, format of the MST BPDUs that the port can send, the maximum transmitting speed, type of the enabled guard function, state of the digest snooping feature (enabled or disabled), VLAN mappings, hello time, max age, forward delay, Message-age time, and remaining hops. 3) Global MSTI parameters: MSTI instance ID, bridge priority of the instance, region root, internal path cost, MSTI root port, master bridge, and external path cost. 4) MSTI port parameters: Port state, role, priority, path cost, designated bridge, designated port, remaining hops, and the number of VLANs mapped to the current MSTI. The statistical information includes: the numbers of the TCN BPDUs, the configuration BPDUs, the RST BPDUs, and the MST BPDUs transmitted/received by each port. Related commands: reset stp. 1-4

7 # Display the brief state information of MSTI 0 on Ethernet 1/0/1 through Ethernet 1/0/4. <Sysname> display stp instance 0 interface Ethernet 1/0/1 to Ethernet 1/0/4 brief MSTID Port Role STP State Protection 0 Ethernet1/0/1 ALTE DISCARDING LOOP 0 Ethernet1/0/2 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 Ethernet1/0/3 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 Ethernet1/0/4 DESI FORWARDING NONE Table 1-2 on the fields of the display stp brief command Field MSTID Port Role STP State Protection ID of an MSTI in the MST region Port index corresponding to an MSTI Port role, which can be one of the following: ALTE: The port is an alternate port BACK: The port is a backup port ROOT: The port is a root port DESI: The port is a designated port MAST: The port is a master port DISA: The port is disabled MSTP state on the port, which can be: FORWARDING: The port learns MAC addresses and forwards user traffic DISCARDING: The port does not learn MAC addresses or forward user traffic LEARNING: The port learns MAC addresses but does not forward user traffic Protection type of the port, which can be one of the following: ROOT: Root protection LOOP: Loop protection BPDU: BPDU protection NONE: No protection # Display the detailed MSTP status information and statistics information. <Sysname> display stp instance 0 interface Ethernet 1/0/ [CIST Global Info][Mode MSTP] CIST Bridge : e0-fc Bridge Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20 CIST Root/ERPC : f-cb / 200 CIST RegRoot/IRPC : e0-fc / 0 CIST RootPortId : BPDU-Protection :disabled TC-Protection :enabled / Threshold=6 Bridge Config Digest Snooping :disabled TC or TCN received :0 Time since last TC :0 days 1h:33m:54s 1-5

8 ----[Port2(Ethernet1/0/2)][DOWN]---- Port Protocol :enabled Port Role :CIST Disabled Port Port Priority :128 Port Cost(Legacy) :Config=auto / Active= Desg. Bridge/Port : e0-fc / Port Edged :Config=disabled / Active=disabled Point-to-point :Config=auto / Active=false Transmit Limit :10 packets/hello-time Protection Type :None MSTP BPDU format :Config=auto / Active=legacy Port Config Digest Snooping :disabled Num of Vlans Mapped :1 PortTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MsgAge 0s RemHop 20 BPDU Sent :0 TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 0 BPDU Received :0 TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 0 Table 1-3 display stp command output description Field CIST Bridge Bridge Times CIST Root/ERPC CIST RegRoot/IRPC CIST RootPortId BPDU-Protection TC-Protection*** / Threshold=** Bridge Config Digest Snooping TC or TCN received Time since last TC Port Protocol Port Role Port Priority CIST bridge ID Major parameters for the bridge: Hello: Hello timer MaxAge: Max Age timer FwDly: Forward delay timer MaxHop: Max hops within the MST region CIST root and external path cost CIST regional root and internal path cost CIST root port ID Indicates whether BPDU protection is enabled globally. Indicates whether TC-BPDU attack guard function is enabled globally, and the maximum times that a switch can remove the MAC address table and ARP entries within each 10 seconds. Indicates whether Digest Snooping is enabled globally on the bridge. Number of received TC/TCN packets Time of the latest topology change Indicates whether STP is enabled on the port Port role, which can be Alternate, Backup, Root, Designated, Master, or Disabled Port priority 1-6

9 Field Port Cost(Legacy) Desg. Bridge/Port Port Edged Point-to-point Transmit Limit Protection Type MST BPDU format Port Config Digest Snooping Num of Vlans Mapped PortTimes BPDU Sent BPDU Received Path cost of the port. The field in the bracket indicates the standard used for port path cost calculation, which can be legacy, dot1d-1998, or dot1t. Config indicates the configured value, and Active indicates the actual value. Designated bridge ID and port ID of the port The port ID displayed is insignificant for a port which does not support port priority. Indicates whether the port is an edge port. Config indicates the configured value, and Active indicates the actual value. Indicates whether the port is connected to a point-to-point link. Config indicates the configured value, and Active indicates the actual value. The maximum number of packets sent within each Hello time Protection type on the port, including Root guard and Loop guard Format of the MST BPDUs that the port can send, which can be legacy or 802.1s. Config indicates the configured value, and Active indicates the actual value. Indicates whether digest snooping is enabled on the port. Number of VLANs mapped to the current MSTI Major parameters for the port: Hello: Hello timer MaxAge: Max Age timer FwDly: Forward delay timer MsgAge: Message Age timer Remain Hop: Remaining hops The number of BPDUs sent since MSTP was enabled on the device The number of BPDUs received since MSTP was enabled on the device display stp abnormalport display stp abnormalport Any view None Use the display stp abnormalport command to display the ports that are blocked by STP guard functions. 1-7

10 # Display the ports that are blocked by STP guard functions. <Sysname> display stp abnormalport MSTID Port Block Reason Ethernet1/0/20 Root-Protection 1 Ethernet1/0/21 Loop-Protection Table 1-4 on the fields of the display stp abnormalport command Field MSTID Port Block Reason MSTI ID in the MST region Port that has been blocked The function blocking the port: Root-Protected: root guard function Loop-Protected: loop guard function Formatcompatibility-Protected: MSTP BPDU format incompatibility protection function display stp portdown display stp portdown Any view None Use the display stp portdown command to display the ports that are shut down by STP guard functions. # Display the ports that are shut down by STP guard functions. <Sysname> display stp portdown Port Down Reason Ethernet1/0/20 BPDU-Protection Table 1-5 on the fields of the display stp portdown command Field Port Port that has been shut down 1-8

11 Field Down Reason Reason that caused the port to be blocked. BPDU-Protected: BPDU attack guard function Formatfrequency-Protected: MSTP BPDU format frequent change protection function display stp region-configuration display stp region-configuration Any view None Use the display stp region-configuration command to display the activated MST region configuration, including the region name, region revision level, and VLAN-to-instance mappings configured for the switch. Related commands: stp region-configuration. # Display the configuration of the MST region. <Sysname> display stp region-configuration Oper Configuration Format selector :0 Region name :hello Revision level :0 Instance Vlans Mapped 0 21 to to to 20 Table 1-6 on the fields of the display stp region-configuration command Field Format selector Region name Revision level Instance Vlans Mapped The selector specified by MSTP The name of the MST region Revision level of the MST region, which can be configured using the revision-level command and defaults to 0. VLAN-to-instance mappings in the MST region 1-9

12 display stp root display stp root Any view None Use the display stp root command to display information about the root ports in the MSTP region where the switch resides. # Display information about the root ports in the MSTP region where the switch resides. <Sysname> display stp root MSTID Root Bridge ID ExtPathCost IntPathCost Root Port e0-fc53-d Ethernet1/0/18 Table 1-7 on the fields of the display stp root command Field MSTID Root Bridge ID ExtPathCost IntPathCost Root Port MSTI ID in the MST region ID of the root bridge Cost of the external path from the switch to the root bridge. The device can automatically calculate the default path cost of a port, or alternatively, you can use the stp cost command to configure the path cost of a port. Cost of the internal path from the switch to the root bridge. The device can automatically calculate the default path cost of a port, or alternatively, you can use the stp cost command to configure the path cost of a port. Root port (If a port on the current device is an MSTI root port, the port type and port number is displayed. Otherwise, the root port name is not displayed.) instance instance instance-id vlan vlan-list undo instance instance-id [ vlan vlan-list ] MST region view 1-10

13 instance-id: ID of an MSTI ranging from 0 to 16. The value of 0 refers to the CIST. vlan-list: List of VLANs. You need to provide this argument in the form of vlan-list = { vlan-id [ to vlan-id ] }&<1-10>, where &<1-10> means that you can provide up to 10 VLAN IDs/VLAN ID ranges for this argument. Normally, a VLAN ID can be a number ranging from 1 to Use the instance command to map specified VLANs to a specified MSTI. Use the undo instance command to remove the mappings from the specified VLANs to the specified MSTI and remap the specified VLANs to the CIST (MSTI 0). If you specify no VLAN in the undo instance command, all VLANs that are mapped to the specified MSTI are remapped to the CIST. By default, all VLANs are mapped to the CIST. VLAN-to-instance mappings are recorded in the VLAN-to-instance mapping table of an MSTP-enabled switch. So these two commands are actually used to manipulate the VLAN-to-instance mapping table. You can add/remove a VLAN to/from the VLAN-to-instance mapping table of a specific MSTI by using these two commands. Note that a VLAN cannot be mapped to multiple MSTIs at the same time. A VLAN-to-instance mapping is automatically removed if you map the VLAN to another MSTI. Related commands: region-name, revision-level, vlan-mapping modulo, check region-configuration, active region-configuration. # Map VLAN 2 to MSTI 1. System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] stp region-configuration [Sysname-mst-region] instance 1 vlan 2 region-name region-name name undo region-name MST region view name: MST region name to be set for the switch, a string of 1 to 32 characters. Use the region-name command to set an MST region name for a switch. Use the undo region-name command to restore the MST region name to the default value. The default MST region name of a switch is its MAC address. 1-11

14 MST region name, along with VLAN-to-instance mapping table and MSTP revision level, determines the MST region which a switch belongs to. Related commands: instance, revision-level, check region-configuration, vlan-mapping modulo, active region-configuration. # Set the MST region name of the switch to hello. System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] stp region-configuration [Sysname-mst-region] region-name hello reset stp reset stp [ interface interface-list ] User view interface-list: Ethernet port list. You can specify multiple Ethernet ports by providing this argument in the form of interface-list = { interface-type interface-number [ to interface-type interface-number ] } &<1-10>, where &<1-10> means that you can provide up to 10 port indexes/port index ranges for this argument. Use the reset stp command to clear spanning tree statistics. The spanning tree statistics includes the numbers of TCN BPDUs, configuration BPDUs, RST BPDUs, and MST BPDUs sent/received through one or more specified ports or all ports (note that BPDUs and TCN BPDUs are counted only for CISTs.) Note that: If you specify the interface-list argument, this command clears the spanning tree statistics on specified ports. If you do not specify the interface-list argument, this command clears the spanning tree statistics on all ports. Related commands: display stp. # Clear the spanning tree statistics on Ethernet 1/0/1 through Ethernet 1/0/3. <Sysname> reset stp interface Ethernet 1/0/1 to Ethernet 1/0/3 revision-level revision-level level 1-12

15 undo revision-level MST region view level: MSTP revision level to be set for the switch. This argument ranges from 0 to 65,535. Use the revision-level command to set the MSTP revision level for a switch. Use the undo revision-level command to restore the revision level to the default value. By default, the MSTP revision level of a switch is 0. MSTP revision level, along with MST region name and VLAN-to-instance mapping table, determines the MST region which a switch belongs to. When the MST region name and VLAN-to-instance mapping table are both the same for two MST regions, you can still tell them apart by their MSTP revision levels. Related commands: instance, region-name, check region-configuration, vlan-mapping modulo, active region-configuration. # Set the MSTP revision level of the MST region to 5. System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] stp region-configuration [Sysname-mst-region] revision-level 5 stp System view, Ethernet port view: stp { enable disable } undo stp System view: stp interface interface-list { enable disable } System view, Ethernet port view enable: Enables MSTP. disable: Disables MSTP. interface-list: Ethernet port list. You can specify multiple Ethernet ports by providing this argument in the form of interface-list = { interface-type interface-number [ to interface-type interface-number ] } &<1-10>, where &<1-10> means that you can provide up to 10 port indexes/port index ranges for this argument. 1-13

16 Use the stp command in system view to enable/disable MSTP globally. Use the undo stp command in system view to restore the MSTP state to the default globally. Use the stp command in Ethernet port view to enable/disable MSTP on a port. Use the undo stp command in Ethernet port view to restore the MSTP state to the default on a port. Use the stp interface command in system view to enable or disable MSTP on specified ports. By default, MSTP is disabled globally and is enabled on the ports. MSTP will take effect for all ports after it is enabled for the device globally. Note that: After you enable MSTP, the device works in STP-compatible mode, RSTP mode or MSTP mode depending on the MSTP mode setting, which is configurable with the stp mode command. To control MSTP flexibly, you can use the undo stp enable command to disable MSTP on ports that are not intended to take part in spanning tree calculation and thus to save CPU resources. After being enabled, MSTP dynamically maintains the spanning tree status of VLANs based on received configuration BPDUs. After being disabled, it stops maintaining the spanning tree status. Disabling MSTP on ports may result in data loops that can destabilize a network. Related commands: stp mode. # Enable MSTP globally. System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] stp enable # Disable MSTP on Ethernet 1/0/1. Disable MSTP on Ethernet 1/0/1 in Ethernet port view. System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] interface Ethernet 1/0/1 [Sysname-Ethernet1/0/1] stp disable Disable MSTP on Ethernet 1/0/1 in system view. System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] stp interface Ethernet 1/0/1 disable # Disable MSTP on Ethernet 1/0/1 to Ethernet 1/0/4 in system view. System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] stp interface Ethernet 1/0/1 to Ethernet 1/0/4 disable 1-14

17 stp bpdu-protection stp bpdu-protection undo stp bpdu-protection System view None Use the stp bpdu-protection command to enable the BPDU guard function on the switch. Use the undo stp bpdu-protection command to restore to the default state of the BPDU guard function. By default, the BPDU guard function is disabled. Normally, the access ports of the devices operating on the access layer are directly connected to terminals (such as PCs) or file servers. These ports are usually configured as edge ports to implement rapid transition. But they resume non-edge ports automatically upon receiving configuration BPDUs, which causes spanning trees recalculation and network topology jitter. Normally, no configuration BPDU will reach edge ports. But malicious users can attack a network by sending configuration BPDUs deliberately to edge ports to cause network jitter. You can prevent such attacks by enabling the BPDU guard function. With this function enabled on a switch, the switch shuts down the edge ports that receive configuration BPDUs and then reports these cases to the administrator. If an edge port is shut down, only the administrator can restore it. You are recommended to enable BPDU guard for devices with edge ports configured. # Enable the BPDU guard function. System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] stp bpdu-protection stp bridge-diameter stp bridge-diameter bridgenum undo stp bridge-diameter 1-15

18 System view bridgenum: Network diameter to be set for a switched network. This argument ranges from 2 to 7. Use the stp bridge-diameter command to set the network diameter of a switched network. The network diameter of a switched network is represented by the maximum possible number of switches between any two terminal devices in a switched network. Use the undo stp bridge-diameter command to restore the network diameter to the default value. By default, the network diameter is 7. After you configure the network diameter of a switched network, MSTP adjusts its hello time, forward delay, and max age settings accordingly. With the network diameter set to the default value 7, the three time-relate settings, including hello time, forward delay, and max age, are set to their default values as well. The stp bridge-diameter command only applies to CIST. It is invalid for MSTIs. Related commands: stp timer forward-delay, stp timer hello, stp timer max-age. # Set the network diameter to 5. System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] stp bridge-diameter 5 stp compliance Ethernet port view: stp compliance { auto legacy dot1s } undo stp compliance System view: stp interface interface-list compliance { auto legacy dot1s } undo stp interface interface-list compliance System view, Ethernet port view auto: Configures the port(s) to recognize the MSTP BPDU format automatically and accordingly determine the format of MSTP BPDUs to send. legacy: Configures the port(s) to receive and send only compatible-format MSTP BPDUs. dot1s: Configures the port(s) to receive and send only standard-format (802.1s-compliant) MSTP BPDUs. 1-16

19 interface-list: Ethernet port list. You can specify multiple Ethernet ports by providing this argument in the format of interface-list ={ interface-type interface-number [ to interface-type interface-number ] } &<1-10>, where &<1-10> means that you can provide up to 10 port indexes/port index ranges for this argument. Use the stp compliance command in interface view to configure the mode the port(s) will use to recognize and send MSTP BPDUs. Use the undo stp compliance command to restore the system default. Use the stp interface compliance command in system view to set the mode in which a port recognizes and sends MSTP packets. Use the undo stp interface compliance command to restore the default. The default mode is auto, namely all ports recognize the BPDU format automatically. Note that: If the mode is set to auto on a port, the port automatically recognizes and resolves the received compatible-format BPDUs or 802.1s-compliant BPDUs, and sends, when needed, compatible-format or 802.1s-compliant BPDUs. If the mode is set to legacy or dot1s on a port, the port can only receive and send BPDUs of the specified format. If the port is configured not to detect the packet format automatically while it works in the MSTP mode, and if it receives a packet in the format other than the configured format, it will become a designated port and remain in the discarding state to prevent the occurrence of a loop. # Configure Ethernet 1/0/1 to recognize and send MSTP BPDUs in dot1s format. In Ethernet port view. Enter system view, return to user view with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] interface Ethernet 1/0/1 [Sysname-Ethernet1/0/1] stp compliance dot1s In system view. Enter system view, return to user view with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] stp interface Ethernet1/0/1 compliance dot1s # Configure Ethernet 1/0/2 to Ethernet 1/0/4 to recognize and send MSTP BPDUs in dot1s format. [Sysname] stp interface Ethernet 1/0/2 to Ethernet1/0/4 compliance dot1s stp config-digest-snooping System view, Ethernet port view: stp config-digest-snooping undo stp config-digest-snooping System view: stp interface interface-list config-digest-snooping 1-17

20 undo stp interface interface-list config-digest-snooping System view, Ethernet port view interface-list: Ethernet port list. You can specify multiple Ethernet ports by providing this argument in the form of interface-list = { interface-type interface-number [ to interface-type interface-number ] } &<1-10>, where &<1-10> means that you can provide up to 10 port indexes/port index ranges for this argument. Use the stp config-digest-snooping command to enable the digest snooping feature. Use the undo stp config-digest-snooping command to disable the digest snooping feature. Configured in system view, the setting takes effect globally; configured in interface view, the setting takes effect on the current port only. Use the stp interface config-digest-snooping command in system view to enable the digest snooping feature on specific ports. Use the undo stp interface config-digest-snooping command in system view to disable the digest snooping feature on specific ports. The digest snooping feature is disabled by default. To enable the digest snooping feature successfully, you must first enable it on all the switch ports that connect to the other manufacturer s switches adopting proprietary spanning tree protocols and then enable it globally. According to IEEE 802.1s, two interconnected switches can interwork with each other through MSTIs in an MST region only when the two switches have the same MST region-related configuration. With MSTP enabled, interconnected switches determine whether or not they are in the same MST region by checking the configuration IDs of the BPDUs between them. (A configuration ID contains information such as region ID and configuration digest.) As some other manufacturers' switches adopt proprietary spanning tree protocols, they cannot interwork with other switches in an MST region even if they are configured with the same MST region-related settings as other switches in the MST region. This kind of problem can be overcome by implementing the digest snooping feature. If a switch port is connected to another manufacturer s switch that has the same MST region-related settings but adopts a proprietary spanning tree protocol, you can enable the digest snooping feature on the port that will be receiving BPDU packets from another manufacturer's switch. Then the switch considers these BPDU packets to be from its own MST region and records the configuration digests carried in the BPDU packets received from the switch, which will be put in the BPDU packets to be sent to another manufacturer s switch. In this way, the switch can interwork with another manufacturer s switches in an MST region. 1-18

21 When the digest snooping feature is enabled on a port, the port turns to the discarding state. That is, the port stops sending BPDU packets. The port is not involved in the STP calculation until it receives BPDU packets from the peer port. The digest snooping feature is needed only when your switch is connected to another manufacturer s switches adopting proprietary spanning tree protocols. To enable the digest snooping feature, the interconnected switches and another manufacturer s switch adopting proprietary spanning tree protocols must be configured with exactly the same MST region-related configurations (including region name, revision level, and VLAN-to-instance mapping). The digest snooping feature must be enabled on all the switch ports that connect to another manufacturer s switches adopting proprietary spanning tree protocols in the same MST region. When the digest snooping feature is enabled globally, the VLAN-to-instance mapping table cannot be modified. The digest snooping feature is not applicable to boundary ports in an MST region. The digest snooping function is not applicable to edge ports in an MST region. # Enable the digest snooping feature on Ethernet 1/0/1. Enable the digest snooping feature on Ethernet 1/0/1 in Ethernet port view. System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] interface Ethernet 1/0/1 [Sysname-Ethernet1/0/1] stp config-digest-snooping [Sysname-Ethernet1/0/1] quit [Sysname] stp config-digest-snooping Enable the digest snooping feature on Ethernet 1/0/1 in system view. System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] stp interface Ethernet 1/0/1 config-digest-snooping [Sysname] stp config-digest-snooping # Enable the digest snooping feature on Ethernet 1/0/2 to Ethernet 1/0/4. [Sysname] stp interface Ethernet 1/0/2 to Ethernet1/0/4 config-digest-snooping [Sysname] stp config-digest-snooping stp cost Ethernet port view: stp [ instance instance-id ] cost cost undo stp [ instance instance-id ] cost 1-19

22 System view: stp interface interface-list [ instance instance-id ] cost cost undo stp interface interface-list [ instance instance-id ] cost System view, Ethernet port view instance-id: ID of an MSTI ranging from 0 to 16. The value of 0 refers to the CIST. cost: Path cost to be set for the port. STP uses path costs to indicate the quality of links. A smaller path cost indicates a higher link quality. The range of the cost argument varies with the standard used for calculating the default path cost of a port as follows: With the IEEE 802.1D-1998 standard selected, the path cost of an Ethernet port ranges from 1 to With the IEEE 802.1t standard selected, the path cost of an Ethernet port ranges from 1 to With the proprietary standard selected, the path cost of an Ethernet port ranges from 1 to interface-list: Ethernet port list. You can specify multiple Ethernet ports by providing this argument in the form of interface-list = { interface-type interface-number [ to interface-type interface-number ] } &<1-10>, where &<1-10> means that you can provide up to 10 port indexes/port index ranges for this argument. Use the stp cost command to set the path cost of the current port in a specified MSTI in ethernet port view. Use the undo stp cost command to restore the default path cost of the current port in the specified MSTI in ethernet port view. Use the stp interface cost command to set the path cost(s) of the specified port(s) in a specified MSTI in system view. Use the undo stp interface cost command to restore the default value of the path cost(s) of the specified port(s) in the specified MSTI in system view. By default, a switch automatically calculates the path costs of a port in different MSTIs based on a specified standard. Path cost is an important factor in spanning tree calculation. Setting different path costs for a port in MSTIs allows VLAN traffic flows to be forwarded along different physical links, thus achieving VLAN-based load balancing. Note that: If you specify the instance-id argument to be 0 or do not specify this argument, the stp cost command sets the path cost of the port in CIST. Changing the path cost of a port in an MSTI may change the role of the port in the instance and put it in state transition. Ports with different rates have different default path costs. For details, see Table 1-8. # Set the path cost of Ethernet 1/0/1 in MSTI 2 to 200. Set the path cost of Ethernet 1/0/1 in MSTI 2 to 200 in Ethernet port view. System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. 1-20

23 [Sysname] interface Ethernet 1/0/1 [Sysname-Ethernet1/0/1] stp instance 2 cost 200 Set the path cost of Ethernet 1/0/1 in MSTI 2 to 200 in system view. System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] stp interface Ethernet 1/0/1 instance 2 cost 200 # Set the path cost of Ethernet 1/0/2 to Ethernet 1/0/4 in MSTI 2 to 400 in system view. System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] stp interface Ethernet 1/0/2 to Ethernet 1/0/4 instance 2 cost 400 stp dot1d-trap stp dot1d-[ instance instance-id ] trap [ newroot topologychange ] enable undo stp [ instance instance-id ] dot1d-trap [ newroot topologychange ] enable System view instance-id: MSTI ID ranging from 0 to 16. The value of 0 refers to CIST. With this argument specified, the trap messages sent are only of the MSTI identified by this argument. newroot: Sends trap messages conforming to 802.1d standard to the network management device when the switch becomes the root bridge of an instance. topologychange: Sends trap messages conforming to 802.1d standard to the network management device when the switch detects network topology changes. Use the stp dot1d-trap command to enable a switch to send trap messages conforming to 802.1d standard when MSTP network topology changes. Use the undo stp dot1d-trap command to disable this function. By default, the switch is not enabled to send 802.1d-compliant topology change information of spanning tree instances 0 to 16 to the network management device. By default, when the local switch becomes the regional root of a spanning tree instance in the range of 0 to 16, it sends newroot traps to the network management device. When enabled, the switch sends the following two types of 802.1d-compliant traps to the network management device: When the switch is configured to be the root bridge of a spanning tree instance, it sends 802.1d-compliant newroot traps to the network management device. When the switch detects a topology change, it sends 802.1d-compliant topology-change traps to the network management device. The stp instance instance-id dot1d-trap enable command enables both newroot and topology-change trap functions for the specified spanning tree instance at the same time. 1-21

24 # Enable a switch to send trap messages conforming to 802.1d standard to the network management device when the switch becomes the root bridge of MSTI 1. System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] stp instance 1 dot1d-trap newroot enable stp edged-port Ethernet port view: stp edged-port { enable disable } undo stp edged-port System view: stp interface interface-list edged-port { enable disable } undo stp interface interface-list edged-port System view, Ethernet port view enable: Configures the port as an edge port. disable: Configures the port as a non-edge port. interface-list: Ethernet port list. You can specify multiple Ethernet ports by providing this argument in the form of interface-list = { interface-type interface-number [ to interface-type interface-number ] } &<1-10>, where &<1-10> means that you can provide up to 10 port indexes/port index ranges for this argument. Use the stp edged-port enable command to configure the current Ethernet port as an edge port. Use the stp edged-port disable command to configure the current Ethernet port as a non-edge port. Use the undo stp edged-port command to restore the current Ethernet port to its default state. Use the stp interface edged-port enable command to configure the specified Ethernet ports as edge ports in system view. Use the stp interface edged-port disable command to configure the specified Ethernet ports as non-edge ports in system view. Use the undo stp interface edged-port command to restore the specified Ethernet ports to the default state. By default, all Ethernet ports of a switch are non-edge ports. An edge port is a port that is directly connected to a user terminal instead of another switch or shared network segment. Rapid transition to the forwarding state (sometimes referred to as Fast Start ) is applied to edge ports because on these ports no loops can be incurred by network topology changes. You can enable a port to turn to the forwarding state rapidly by setting it to an edge port. And you are recommended to configure the Ethernet ports directly connected to user terminals as edge ports to enable them to turn to the forwarding state rapidly. 1-22

25 Normally, configuration BPDUs cannot reach an edge port because the port is not connected to another switch. But when the BPDU guard function is disabled on an edge port, configuration BPDUs sent deliberately by a malicious user may reach the port. If an edge port receives a BPDU, it turns to a non-edge port. Loop guard, root guard, and edge port settings are mutually exclusive. With one of these functions enabled on a port, any of the other two functions cannot take effect even if you have configured it on the port. # Configure Ethernet 1/0/1 as an edge port. Configure Ethernet 1/0/1 as an edge port in Ethernet port view. System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] interface Ethernet 1/0/1 [Sysname-Ethernet1/0/1] stp edged-port enable Configure Ethernet 1/0/1 as an edge port in system view. System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] stp interface Ethernet 1/0/1 edged-port enable # Configure Ethernet 1/0/2 to Ethernet 1/0/4 as edge ports in system view. System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] stp interface Ethernet 1/0/2 to Ethernet 1/0/4 edged-port enable stp loop-protection Ethernet port view: stp loop-protection undo stp loop-protection System view: stp interface interface-list loop-protection undo stp interface interface-list loop-protection System view, Ethernet port view 1-23

26 interface-list: Ethernet port list. You can specify multiple Ethernet ports by providing this argument in the form of interface-list = { interface-type interface-number [ to interface-type interface-number ] } &<1-10>, where &<1-10> means that you can provide up to 10 port indexes/port index ranges for this argument. Use the stp loop-protection command to enable the loop guard function on the current port. Use the undo stp loop-protection command to restore the loop guard function to the default state on the current port. Use the stp interface loop-protection command to enable the loop guard function on specified ports in system view. Use the undo stp interface loop-protection command to restore the default state of the loop guard function on specified ports in system view. By default, the loop guard function is disabled on the port. A switch maintains the states of the root port and other blocked ports by receiving and processing BPDUs from the upstream switch. These BPDUs may get lost because of network congestion or unidirectional link failures. If a switch does not receive BPDUs from the upstream switch for a certain period, the switch selects a new root port; the original root port becomes a designated port; and the blocked ports turn to the forwarding state. This may cause loops in the network. The loop guard function suppresses loops. With this function enabled, if link congestions or unidirectional link failures happen, a root port becomes a designated port, and the port turns to the discarding state. The blocked port also becomes the designated port and the port turns to the discarding state, that is, the port does not forward packets and thereby loops can be prevented. You are recommended to enable loop guard on the root port and alternate port of a non-root bridge. Loop guard, root guard, and edge port settings are mutually exclusive. With one of these functions enabled on a port, any of the other two functions cannot take effect even if you have configured it on the port. # Enable the loop guard function on Ethernet 1/0/1. Enable the loop guard function on Ethernet 1/0/1 in Ethernet port view. System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] interface Ethernet 1/0/1 [Sysname-Ethernet1/0/1] stp loop-protection Enable the loop guard function on Ethernet 1/0/1 in system view. System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] stp interface Ethernet 1/0/1 loop-protection # Enable the loop guard function on Ethernet 1/0/2 to Ethernet 1/0/4 in system view. 1-24

27 System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] stp interface Ethernet 1/0/2 to Ethernet 1/0/4 loop-protection stp max-hops stp max-hops hops undo stp max-hops System view hops: Maximum hop count to be set. This argument ranges from 1 to 40. Use the stp max-hops command to set the maximum hop count for the MST region the current switch belongs to. Use the undo stp max-hops command to restore the maximum hop count to the default. By default, the maximum hop count of an MST region is 20. The maximum hop count configured on the region roots of an MST region limits the size of the MST region. A configuration BPDU contains a field that maintains the remaining hops of the configuration BPDU. And a switch discards the configuration BPDUs whose remaining hops are 0. After a configuration BPDU reaches a root bridge of a spanning tree in a MST region, the value of the remaining hops field in the configuration BPDU is decreased by 1 every time the configuration BPDU passes one switch. Such a mechanism disables the switches that are beyond the maximum hops from participating in spanning tree calculation, and thus limits the size of an MST region. With such a mechanism, the maximum hops configured on the switch operating as the root bridge of the CIST or an MSTI in a MST region becomes the network diameter of the spanning tree, which limits the size of the spanning tree in the current MST region. The switches that are not root bridges in an MST region adopt the maximum hop settings of the root bridge. # Set the maximum hop count of the current MST region to 35. System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] stp max-hops 35 stp mcheck Ethernet port view: stp mcheck 1-25

28 System view: stp [ interface interface-list ] mcheck System view, Ethernet port view interface-list: Ethernet port list. You can specify multiple Ethernet ports by providing this argument in the form of interface-list = { interface-type interface-number [ to interface-type interface-number ] } &<1-10>, where &<1-10> means that you can provide up to 10 port indexes/port index ranges for this argument. Use the stp mcheck command to perform the mcheck operation on the current port in Ethernet port view. Use the stp interface mcheck command to perform the mcheck operation on specified port(s) in system view. If the value of interface interface-list is not specified, this command performs the mcheck operation on all MSTP-enabled ports of the device. When a port on an MSTP-enabled/RSTP-enabled upstream switch connects with an STP-enabled downstream switch, the port operates in the STP-compatible mode automatically. But when the STP-enabled downstream switch is then replaced by an MSTP-enabled switch, the port cannot automatically transit to the MSTP mode but still remains in the STP-compatible mode. In this case, you can force the port to transit to the MSTP mode by performing the mcheck operation on the port. Related commands: stp mode. # Perform the mcheck operation on Ethernet 1/0/1. Perform the mcheck operation on Ethernet 1/0/1 in Ethernet port view. System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] interface Ethernet 1/0/1 [Sysname-Ethernet1/0/1] stp mcheck Perform the mcheck operation on Ethernet 1/0/1 in system view. System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] stp interface Ethernet 1/0/1 mcheck # Perform the mcheck operation on Ethernet 1/0/2 to Ethernet 1/0/4 in system view. System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] stp interface Ethernet 1/0/2 to Ethernet 1/0/4 mcheck # Perform the mcheck operation on all the MSTP-enabled ports of your switch in system view. System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] stp mcheck 1-26

29 stp mode stp mode { stp rstp mstp } undo stp mode System view stp: Specifies the STP-compatible mode. mstp: Specifies the MSTP mode. rstp: Specifies the RSTP-compatible mode. Use the stp mode command to set the operating mode of an MSTP-enabled switch. Use the undo stp mode command to restore the default operating mode of an MSTP-enabled switch. By default, an MSTP-enabled switch operates in MSTP mode. To make a switch compatible with STP and RSTP, MSTP provides following three operating modes. STP-compatible mode, where the ports of a switch send STP BPDUs to neighboring devices. If STP-enabled switches exist in a switched network, you can use the stp mode stp command to configure an MSTP-enabled switch to operate in STP-compatible mode. RSTP-compatible mode, where the ports of a switch send RSTP BPDUs to neighboring devices. If RSTP-enabled switches exist in a switched network, you can use the stp mode rstp command to configure an MSTP-enabled switch to operate in RSTP-compatible mode. MSTP mode, where the ports of a switch send MSTP BPDUs and STP BPDUs (if the switch is connected to STP-enabled switches) to neighboring devices. In this case, the switch is MSTP-capable. Related commands: stp mcheck, stp, stp interface, stp interface mcheck. # Configure the MSTP operation mode as STP-compatible. System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] stp mode stp stp no-agreement-check Ethernet port view: stp no-agreement-check undo stp no-agreement-check System view: stp interface interface-type interface-number no-agreement-check 1-27

30 undo stp interface interface-type interface-number no-agreement-check System view, Ethernet port view interface-type: Port type. interface-number: Port number. Use the stp no-agreement-check command to enable the rapid transition feature on the current port in Ethernet port view. Use the stp no-agreement-check command to disable the rapid transition feature on the current port in Ethernet port view. Use the stp interface no-agreement-check command to enable the rapid transition feature on the specified port in system view. Use the undo stp interface no-agreement-check command to disable the rapid transition feature on the specified port in system view. By default, the rapid transition feature is disabled on a port. Some manufactures' switches adopt proprietary spanning tree protocols that are similar to RSTP in the way to implement rapid transition on designated ports. When a switch of this kind operates as the upstream switch of an H3C series switch running MSTP, the upstream designated port fails to change their states rapidly. The rapid transition feature aims to resolve this problem. When an H3C series switch running MSTP is connected in the upstream direction to another manufacture's switch adopting proprietary spanning tree protocols, you can enable the rapid transition feature on the ports of the H3C series switch operating as the downstream switch. Among these ports, those operating as the root ports will then actively send agreement packets to their upstream ports after they receive proposal packets from the upstream designated ports, instead of waiting for agreement packets from the upstream switch. This enables designated ports of the upstream switch to change their states rapidly. The rapid transition feature can be enabled on only root ports or alternate ports. You can enable the rapid transition feature on the designated port. However, the feature does not take effect on the port. # Enable the rapid transition feature on Ethernet 1/0/1. Enable the rapid transition feature on Ethernet 1/0/1 in Ethernet port view. System : return to User with Ctrl+Z. [Sysname] interface Ethernet 1/0/1 [Sysname-Ethernet1/0/1] stp no-agreement-check Enable the rapid transition feature on Ethernet 1/0/1 in system view. 1-28

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