Unit title: Mobile Technology: Device Connectivity (SCQF level 5) Outcome 1

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1 1 Outcome 1 A description of mobile device internet connectivity using two current Wi-Fi methods. A description of mobile device internet connectivity using two current GSM mobile telephony methods. A description of two methods used to connect mobile devices to external peripherals and other mobile devices. A Description of mobile device internet connectivity using Wi-Fi What is a mobile device? A mobile device (or handheld computer) is a computing device small enough to hold and operate in the hand. Typically, any handheld computer device will have an LCD flat screen interface, providing a touch screen interface with digital buttons and keyboard or physical buttons along with a physical keyboard. Many such devices can connect to the Internet and interconnect with other devices such as car entertainment systems or headsets via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cellular networks or near field communication (NFC). What is Smartphone? A smartphone is a handheld personal computer with a mobile operating system and an integrated mobile broadband cellular network connection for voice, SMS, and Internet data communication; most if not all smartphones also support Wi-Fi. Mobile Device Connectivity What is mobile internet? The Internet as accessed by means of a smartphone or other mobile device.

2 2 How does mobile device connect to the internet thru Wi-Fi? Internet Connection Internet access is ability of individuals and organizations to connect to the Internet using computer terminals, computers, and mobile devices. Internet Service Provider An Internet service provider is an organization that provides services accessing and using the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned A company that provides subscribers with access to the Internet Types of Connection: Fixed Line An internet connection that is fixed to a specific location (such as a home, office or shop) meaning that the internet connection is unique to that property, and as such you can only access it when you re physically situated there. Types of Fixed Line 1. ADSL Broadband Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) is a type of digital subscriber line (DSL) technology, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional voice band modem can provide. Average download speeds of 8.4 Mb 2. Cable Broadband Instead of using a phone line as ADSL does, cable broadband establishes an internet connection via a specialized cable that shares the same line as your TV service. Cable broadband generally offers higher speeds than ADSL connections, but as a cable broadband connection is often shared with many other users, speeds can suffer from time to time due to congestion during peak times. Average download speeds of 50.5 Mb.

3 3 3. Fiber Optics Broadband Fiber broadband claims to offer more consistent and reliable speeds than cable and ADSL allowing multiple devices to be performing high-capacity tasks, simultaneously, without any slowdowns or breakages in the connection, making it an attractive proposition for busy family homes or office environments. Average download speeds of 59.4 Mb What is Wi-Fi? Wi-Fi is the name of a popular wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to provide wireless high-speed Internet and network connections. A common misconception is that the term Wi-Fi is short for "wireless fidelity," however this is not the case. Wi-Fi is simply a trademarked phrase that means IEEE x. WIFI Frequencies A wireless network will transmit at a frequency level of 2.4 GHz or 5GHz to adapt to the amount of data that is being sent by the user. The networking standards will somewhat vary depending mostly on the user's needs a b g n The a will transmit data at a frequency level of 5GHz. The Orthogonal Frequency- Division Multiplexing (OFDM) used enhances reception by dividing the radio signals into smaller signals before reaching the router. You can transmit a maximum of 54 megabits of data per second. The b will transmit data at a frequency level of 2.4GHz, which is a relatively slow speed. You can transmit a maximum of 11 megabits of data per second. The g will transmit data at 2.4GHz but can transmit a maximum of 54 megabits of data per second as it also uses an OFDM coding. The more advanced n can transmit a maximum of 140 megabits of data per second and uses a frequency level of 5GHz.

4 4 Wireless Security Protocol 1. Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) 2. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) 3. Wi-Fi Protected Access version 2 (WPA2) Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) WEP was developed for wireless networks and approved as a Wi-Fi security standard in September, WEP was aimed to offer the same security level as wired networks, however there are a bunch of well-known security issues in WEP, which is also easy to break and hard to configure. Despite all the work that has been done to improve the WEP system it still is a highly vulnerable solution. Systems that rely on this protocol should be either upgraded or replaced in case security upgrade is not possible. WEP was officially abandoned by the Wi-Fi Alliance in Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) For the time the i wireless security standard was in development, WPA was used as a temporary security enhancement for WEP. One year before WEP was officially abandoned, WPA was formally adopted. Most modern WPA applications use a preshared key (PSK), most often referred to as WPA Personal, and the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol or TKIP (/tiːˈkɪp/) for encryption. WPA Enterprise uses an authentication server for keys and certificates generation. WPA was a significant enhancement over WEP, but as the core components were made so they could be rolled out through firmware upgrades on WEP-enabled devices, they still relied onto exploited elements. Wi-Fi Protected Access version 2 (WPA2) The i wireless security standard based protocol was introduced in The most important improvement of WPA2 over WPA was the usage of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) for encryption. AES is approved by the U.S. government for encrypting the information classified as top secret, so it must be good enough to protect home networks. At this time the main vulnerability to a WPA2 system is when the attacker already has access to a secured WiFi network and can gain access to certain keys to perform an attack on other devices on the network. This being said, the security suggestions for the known WPA2 vulnerabilities are mostly significant to the networks of enterprise levels, and not really relevant for small home networks.

5 5 Wireless Hotspot The term hotspot is used to define an area where WiFi access is available. It can either be through a closed wireless network at home or in public places such as restaurants or airports. In order to access hotspots, your computer should include a wireless adapter. If you are using an advanced laptop model, it will probably include a built-in wireless transmitter already. If it doesn't, you can purchase a wireless adapter that will plug into the PCI slot or USB port. Once installed, your system should automatically detect the WiFi hotspots and request connection. If not, you should use software to handle this task for you.

6 6 A description of mobile device internet connectivity using GSM Mobile Internet The Internet as accessed by means of a smartphone or other mobile device. What is GSM? GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) is a digital mobile telephony system that is widely used in Europe and other parts of the world. What is mobile data? Mobile data is one way that mobile device users can gain wireless access to the internet. Depending on how much you use the internet, and where, having a dataenabled device will give you the best of both worlds, giving you on-the-go access to the information you need. Types of Mobile Network 1. 3G Mobile Internet 2. 4G Mobile Internet 3. 5G Mobile Internet Second Generation (2G) 1. GPRS :General Packet Radio Service 2. EDGE : Enhanced GPRS Network Class Data Rate 3. GPRS 9.6 kbps 4. EDGE Kbps Third Generation (3G) 1. WCDMA : Wideband Code Division Multiple Access 2. HSPA : High Speed Packet Access Network Class Data Rate 1. WCDMA 384 Kbps 2. HSPA 3 Mbps Fourth Generation (4G) 1. HSPA+ : Evolved High Speed Packet Access 2. Wimax : Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access 3. LTE : Long Term Evolution

7 7 4. LTE Advanced Network Class Data Rate 1. Wimax 128 Mbps 2. HSPA+ 168 Mbps 3. LTE 300 Mbps 4. LTE Advanced 1 Gbps

8 8 A description of two methods used to connect mobile devices to external peripherals and other mobile devices. 1. Infrared 2. NFC 3. Bluetooth Infrared Infrared connectivity is an old wireless technology used to connect two electronic devices. It uses a beam of infrared light to transmit information and so requires direct line of sight and operates only at close range. Average Data Rate: Kbps NFC Near-field communication is a set of communication protocols that enable two electronic devices, one of which is usually a portable device such as a smartphone, to establish communication by bringing them within 4 cm of each other. Average Data Rate: 424 Kbps Bluetooth Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances from fixed and mobile devices, and building personal area networks. Average Data Rate: 2.1 Mbps

Naveen Kumar. 1 Wi-Fi Technology

Naveen Kumar. 1 Wi-Fi Technology Naveen Kumar 1 Contents 2 Introduction Need of Purpose History How a Wi-Fi Network Works Topologies & Configurations Applications Wi-Fi Security Advantages & Limitations Innovations Introduction 3 Wireless