An Introduction to Overlay Networks PlanetLab: A Virtual Overlay Network Testbed

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1 An Introduction to Overlay Networks PlanetLab: A Virtual Overlay Network Testbed Suhas Mathur suhas@winlab.rutgers.edu Communication Networks II Spring 2005

2 Talk Outline Introduction: The future internet & related challenges Overlay Networks Planet Lab What is PlanetLab? Infrastructure and working concepts The purpose of PlanetLab PlanetLab OS Architecture Goals Concluding remarks

3 Introduction

4 Innovator s Dilemma The Internet is an enormous success story Commercially Impact on our daily lives Global reach Success has an unexpected cost: ossification Difficult to deploy disruptive technology* (e.g.. IP Multicast) Correct vulnerabilities Introduce new capabilities * A technology that would require major changes in the current internet.

5 Present day applications that require "disruption : 1. Application that may require Customized Routing 2. Peer-to-peer file sharing 3. Content Distribution These evolving applications require major changes in the internet (e.g. more intelligent routers). This change is resisted for obvious reasons (financial, etc)!!

6 Overlay Networks

7 What is an Overlay Network? A logical network on top of the physical network. Purpose-built virtual networks that use the existing Internet for transmission The Internet was once deployed as an overlay on top of the telephony network

8 Overlay Networks: P2P example Centralized Directory P2P Overlay (Napster Model) Single Point of failure Performance Bottleneck Hierarchical P2P Overlay (KaZaa Model)

9 Overlay Networks: CDN The First and the Last Mile Peering Points CDN company installs hundreds of servers throughout the Internet, typically placing them in lower-tier ISPs and Web hosting centers Customer data is replicated on CDN servers; when a customer data is updated, the CDN network refreshes the contents on its (cache) servers A CDN server contains data from many different content providers DNS/ HTTP redirection in order to guide browsers to the right server

10 Motivation for a virtual overlay testbed The research community is teeming with innovative planetary-scale applications and services Overlays offer an attractive way to introduce disruptive technology into the Internet, but There is a high barrier-to-entry The next Internet will be created as an overlay on the current one There is NO vehicle to try out the next great ideas in this area (Enter )

11 PlanetLab

12 What is PlanetLab? Unfortunately no one can be told what PlanetLab is.. You have to see it for yourself! A collection of machines distributed over the globe PlanetLab currently consists of 565 machines, hosted by 266 sites, spanning over 25 countries. An overlay network testbed Researchers can experiment with a variety of planetary-scale services serves as a meta testbed A deployment platform Provides seamless migration of an application from early prototype to a popular service that continues to evolve A microcosm of the next Internet Supports the introduction of disruptive technologies into the Internet through the use of overlay networks A consortium A collection academic, industrial, and government institutions

13 Nodes 565 machines, hosted by 266 sites, spanning over 25 countries The goal is for PlanetLab to grow to 1,000 widely distributed nodes All of the machines are connected to the Internet.

14 Current University Nodes

15 Current University Nodes

16 The PlanetLab Architecture Intel Labs Internet Princeton Wash U Rutgers University

17 The PlanetLab Architecture A PlanetLab user sees a private set of machines (nodes) on which he can run his applications (A slice) User 1 User 2

18 The PlanetLab Architecture Users are granted slices Sets of nodes on which users get a portion of the resources Intel Labs Internet Princeton Wash U Rutgers University

19 The PlanetLab Architecture So, a PlanetLab user is using a set of distributed Virtual Machines (VMs) User 1 User 2

20 PlanetLab OS Architecture Goals

21 PlanetLab OS Node Architecture Goals Slice Distributed set of Virtual Machines treated as a single entity, providing the resources required by a single PlanetLab experiment Privileged Services Unprivileged Services Provide a virtual machine for each service running on a node (a part of the total service slice) Isolate virtual machines (Node Virtualization) Allow maximal control over virtual machines Slices (VMs) Node Manager Local Admin Allocation of resources to the VMs Network, CPU, memory, disk Fair Allocation Guaranteed Allocation VMM PlanetLab Node Architecture

22 PlanetLab Network Actors Resource Broker (per service) Obtain s from agents on behalf of service managers Service Managers (per service) Obtain s from broker Redeem s with node managers to acquire resources If resources can be acquired, start service

23 PlanetLab Network Actors Agents (centralized) Track nodes free resources Advertise resources to resource brokers Issue s to resource brokers Tickets may be redeemed with node managers to obtain the resource Node manager (one per node) Create slices for service managers When service managers provide valid s Allocate resources for vservers Resource Monitor (one per node) Track node s available resources Tell agents about available resources

24 Obtaining a Slice Agent Broker Service Manager

25 Obtaining a Slice Agent Resource Monitor Broker Service Manager

26 Obtaining a Slice Agent Resource Monitor Broker Service Manager

27 Obtaining a Slice Agent Resource Monitor Broker Service Manager

28 Obtaining a Slice Agent Broker Resource Monitor Service Manager Resource Monitor

29 Obtaining a Slice Agent Broker Resource Monitor Service Manager Resource Monitor

30 Obtaining a Slice Agent Broker Service Manager

31 Obtaining a Slice Agent Broker Service Manager

32 Obtaining a Slice Agent Broker Service Manager

33 Obtaining a Slice Agent Broker Service Manager

34 Obtaining a Slice Agent Broker Node Manager Service Manager Node Manager

35 Obtaining a Slice Agent Broker Service Manager

36 Obtaining a Slice Agent Broker Service Manager

37 Concluding Remarks

38 Current projects running Monitoring the Network's Health Monitor the health of the Internet, including watching for anomalies (worms, DDoS) and diagnosing failures. Routing Overlays: Find alternative routes through the Internet, for e.g., routes that better match the application's requirements, and routes that more quickly recover from failures. Content Distribution Networks These applications distribute content (e.g., web pages, domain names) widely across the Internet, with the goal of improving system throughput under heavy load (e.g., flash crowds and DDoS attacks) Internet Infrastructure Provide new services for the Internet at large. They may provide new and better replacements for existing Internet services, or they may integrate entirely new functionality into legacy services, or both. Distributed Query Processing These applications have grown out of the intersection of sensor nets and distributed databases. They allow users to submit queries about information reported by sensors distributed across Planetlab. etc

39 The X-Bone dynamically deploys and manages Internet overlays to reduce configuration effort and increase network component sharing. The X-Bone discovers, configures, and monitors network resources to create overlays over existing IP networks. Overlay Testbeds Focus is on automated establishment and management of overlays Develop and deploy advanced network applications and technologies, accelerating the creation of tomorrow s Internet. Allows multiple levels of virtualization but closely tied to current internet architecture 1. A large set of geographically distributed machines 2. A realistic network substrate that experiences congestion, failures, and diverse link behaviors 3. Allows services and applications based on architectures radically different from current arch. to be tested and evaluated 4. Serves as a deployment platform and a catalyst for bringing about necessary change to the present internet.

40 Live PlanetLab Node monitoring (Using Ganglia)* Load, Memory, CPU usage and Network throughput for the last 1 Hour (29 th APR 2005) at one of the 6 PlanetLab nodes currently at MIT: *

41 Questions? References Overcoming the internet impasse through virtualization: L. Peterson, S. Shenker, and J. Turner. Third Workshop on Hot Topics in Networking (HotNets-III) (November 2004). A Blueprint for Introducing Disruptive Technology into the Internet: Larry Peterson, Tom Anderson, David Culler and Timothy Roscoe, Proceedings of ACM HotNets-I Workshop, Princeton, New Jersey, USA, October Operating systems support for planetary-scale network services: Andy Bavier, Mic Bowman, Brent Chun, David Culler, Scott Karlin, Steve Muir, Larry Peterson, Timothy Roscoe, Tammo Spalink, and Mike Wawrzoniak: First Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI) (March 2004), Acknowledgements Kishore Ramachandran, Grad Student, WINLAB, Rutgers Pravin Shankar, Grad Student, DISCO lab, CS Dept, Rutgers.

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