A Study of Wireless Compressed Digitalaudio

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "A Study of Wireless Compressed Digitalaudio"

Transcription

1 A Study of Wireless Compressed Digital Transmission Andreas Floros 1, Marios Koutroubas 2, Nicolas-Alexander Tatlas 2 and John Mourjopoulos 2 1 ATMEL Hellas S.A., Patras Science Park, Platani, Patras, Greece 2 Group, WCL, University of Patras, Patras, Greece mourjop@wcl.ee.upatras.gr ABSTRACT The paper examines the transmission of coded according to the MPEG-I Layer III standard over the Wireless Digital protocol. The study presents the effect of the transmission parameters (such as distance, packet type and length) on the achieved wireless bit rate. The paper also analyzes several aspects concerning the real-time implementation of complete -based playback setups and addresses the effects of using single-channel, stereo or multichannel streams. 0. INTRODUCTION Wireless networks are becoming a necessity these days, meeting the need for a cable-free but networked environment. Several Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) protocols have been developed and standardized, such as the IEEE802.11a [2] and the Hyperlan/2 [3], operating in the 5GHz band and providing hi-speed communication with data rates up to 54Mbps. Thus, WLANs are able to offer wideband wireless connectivity between Desktop PCs, Laptops, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), and other portable electronic devices for voice, video and data applications. In the area of Personal Area Networks (PANs) where low complexity, cost and power consumption are prime objectives, [1] represents the main wireless technology operating mainly in home environments. Although this technology was initially developed for replacing cables, it evolved into a way to create small radio LANs. is a global standard, supporting ad-hoc connectivity of various electronic devices in a minimum 10-meter range and at a theoretical maximum rate of 1 Mbps. The protocol ensures robust and secure transmissions of voice and data in point-to-point or point-to-multipoint set-ups. It is well known that the real time implementation of time-critical applications through wired or wireless networks (e.g. digital distribution/streaming for real-time playback) should ideally be performed by connection-oriented links, which provide predefined bandwidth efficiency. specification defines synchronous-connection oriented mechanisms for servicing timecritical application (for example voice and ) at a constant rate equal to 64kbps. This limited bandwidth performance represents the main drawback of the technology, relevant to the transmission of compressed quality digital. However, packetoriented (or asynchronous) connections can alternatively be employed, provided that the physical layer offers sufficient bandwidth (at least equal to the maximum encoding bit rate). This work presents an experimental assessment of different set-ups (e.g. point-to-point, point-to-multipoint, various packet types and length) as real-time compressed digital transmission paths. Section 1 outlines the protocol basic operations. In Section 2 the requirements for digital transmission via are derived and possible applications are presented. Section 3 outlines the implementation of -based applications, as well as the testing parameters and criteria for evaluating the performance of the wireless link in terms of real-time data transmissions. In Section 4 the results obtained from the different applications are presented and discussed, leading to the conclusions summarized in Section BLUETOOTH OVERVIEW [1] is a short-range wireless technology designed to connect a variety of electronic devices. Since its introduction, it provides a viable and promising platform for low-power, low-cost radio implementations of PAN products, allowing the replacement of cables and infrared links and connecting such devices through RF links. enabled devices are designed to operate in the Industrial Scientific Medicine (ISM) frequency band of 2.4GHz. Thanks to its frequency hopping techniques, is theoretically designed to be immune to interferences in the above frequency band, achieving a total, raw bandwidth of 1 Mbit/s within a typical operating range of 10m (for Power Class 2 and 3 devices) up to 100m (for Power Class 1 devices). Fig. 1 shows a typical connection setup between three units. One of them is the Master of the connection, while the other are the slaves, forming a piconet. Up to seven slaves can be simultaneously connected to the Master using Asynchronous, Connection-Less (ACL) links that provide a packet-switched connection between the units. The ACL links are pointto-multipoint (with broadcast mode support from the master to all slaves) and can achieve a maximum total effective data rate of 721 kbps. The data transmission is performed in a 625 µsec time slot basis, and packet retransmissions are performed if necessary, in order to assure data integrity. The number of retransmissions can significantly reduce the achieved data rate, especially in environments where electromagnetic interference in the range of 2.4GHz exists.

2 The establishment of SCO links creates a bandwidth overhead, which dramatically decreases the transfer capabilities of any co-existing ACL link. Slave ACL Link 2 ACL Link 1 Slave The packet-switched nature of the ACL links with the limited Master bitrate is not suitable for real-time applications. Especially in Data Data noisy environments, packet retransmissions are applied to ensure data integrity, which further reduce the effective Fig. 1. Typical connection setup bandwidth. During an ACL connection, two categories of packets can be used: the Data-Medium rate (DM) packets and the Data-High rate (DH) packets. Their difference is that the latter do not include Forward Error Correction (FEC) information. There are three DM and three DH packet types termed DM1, DM3, DM5 and DH1, DH3, DH5 respectively. A DM3 packet is an extended DM1 packet. While a DM1 packet is sent during a single transmission slot, DM3 employs three time slots etc. The same stands for all the other type of ACL packets. There is also another ACL packet type called AUX1, which is never retransmitted. On the other hand, the specification also allows Synchronous, Connection-Oriented (SCO) links, which represent point-to-point wireless paths between a Master and a specific slave, suitable for time-bounded data transmissions (e.g. voice). Each SCO link provides a maximum of 64kbit/s data rate, while each master can support up to three concurrent SCO links. Like all cable and wireless networking standards, protocol is organized following the layer stack principle. The basic operations of the protocol are implemented by four basic components: a) the radio (RF) which physically receives and transmits data b) the baseband or link control unit which processes the transmitted or received data; c) the link management software that manages the transmission and d) supporting application software. The interconnection of the device with the host application is achieved through the Host ler Interface (HCI) and the upper Logical Link and Adaptation Layer (L2CAP), which realizes higher layer protocol services such as multiplexing, packet segmentation and reassembly and the conveying of quality of service information. A major advantage of the technology is the ability of extending its basic application level functionality using specific upper software layers called profiles. For applications, several profiles are currently under standardization (e.g. the Generic /Video Distribution Profile GAVDP [4] and the Advanced Distribution Profile A2DP [5]). These profiles define procedures for setting up an /video streaming and the requirements for devices necessary for support of the compressed quality distribution. 2. BLUETOOTH AUDIO APPLICATIONS Although is an attractive wireless specification for developing cable-free PAN products, the bandwidth limitation together with the nature of the permitted wireless links between the connected devices present some major drawbacks. More specifically: On the other hand, it is well known that high quality digital reproduction is performed at bitrates in the range of Mbps (nearly 1.4Mbps for stereo CD quality). Given the above practical limitations of the standard, the following considerations are necessary for realizing high-quality, real-time reproduction through : The original data must be compressed prior to the transmission. As with many other applications, the choice of the compression ratio is a tradeoff between the desired quality and the available bandwidth. A number of ISO/MPEG standards (MPEG-1, AAC, etc.), as well as many propriety standards (Dolby Digital, ATRAC, WMA, DTS, etc.) provide a wide range of compression options for mono, stereo and multichannel applications. However, for all cases, acceptable quality is achieved for rates of 96kbps or higher. Apart from the transmitted data, many applications require the transmission of control information (e.g. volume control, timing info etc), which must be multiplexed with the compressed data. For this work, a number of possible application environments for real-time, compressed quality digital reproduction were implemented and are presented in the following paragraphs, taking into account the previous considerations. For all cases, the MPEG- 1 Layer III (MP3) format was employed for compressing the digital content (which is also included in the A2DP [5] voting profile as an optional codec), as well as the Windows Media (WMA) coding, while several connection parameters were examined in order to optimize the reproduction performance and quality. 2.1 point-to-point applications The simplest wireless digital reproduction architecture is the case of transmitting data from a enabled device to another one, using a point-to-point connection and without transmitting any other information (as shown in Fig. 2). In such a case, the slave device is receiving the compressed data through an ACL link and, after decompression, it performs the playback operation. source (master) ACL Link receiver (slave) Time-bounded applications requiring a constant throughput must be established through SCO links. The effective bandwidth in such a case is 64kbps (or 192kbps for 3 SCO links). Especially for wireless transmission, specification defines either a 64kbps logarithmic PCM format (A-law or µ-law) or a 64kbps Continuous Variable Slope Delta Modulation (CVSD) through SCO connections. Fig. 2. Point-to-point single transmission and playback Typical applications related to the above wireless environment include single transmission of data between portable devices such as PCs, laptops, portable mp3 players, PDAs etc. Fig. 3 shows an extended format of the previous reproduction setup where additional control information can be exchanged 2

3 between the connected devices. This information can be user control info (e.g. track selection, gain control, equalization control) as well as data representing the status of the devices (for example playback status and timing information). These two different kinds of transmitted information represent discrete logical channels, which must be multiplexed in order to be transmitted through a single ACL link. According to the specification, this multiplexing can be performed by the L2CAP layer. The above setup is typical for applications where portable players (controlled by the user) are connected to non-portable sources. Although the effective bandwidth of the pure data transmission is generally reduced (depending on the traffic of the control channels), the hardware requirements of the receiver device can also be reduced, as all the necessary processing operations on the data (filtering and equalization, volume control, noise cancellation) can be performed on user demand on the source-side, prior to compression. source (master) ACL Link receiver (slave) Fig. 3. Point-to-point and user-controlled information transmission and playback 721- b N = i ch (1) b where b is the encoding bitrate (in kbps) employed for the compression of the information, b i (kbps) is the mean traffic of the control data through all the established links and denotes floor integer truncation. For example, if MPEG-1 Layer III compression is considered at a rate of b=128kbps, then Nch=5 assuming that b i =20kbps. In practice, it is expected that the above maximum number of the supported channels will be lower than the one derived by equation (1), due to a data-traffic overhead appeared when many connections are established between a master and many slave devices. Hence, while the above point-to-multipoint application scheme is suitable for stereo reproduction, the offered bandwidth is inadequate for multichannel (e.g. 6 channel) reproduction. Another approach, which overcomes the above channel limitation, is to employ the broadcast capability of the standard and broadcast the information from the master device to all slaves. As it is illustrated in Fig. 5, in such a case, the multichannel content is compressed and broadcasted, with the channel separation taking place on each of the playback devices. Hence, it is required that channel identification information should be assigned to each receiver in order to reproduce the appropriate channel. 2.2 point-to-multipoint applications While point-to-point connections can realize single channel data transmissions through enabled devices, stereo and multichannel reproduction requires the concurrent transmission of discrete channels to two or more playback devices. Fig. 4 shows a typical example of a stereo application, where two channels (eft and ight) produced by an source (e.g. CD-Player, DVD-Video etc) are compressed and individually wirelessly transmitted to the corresponding enabled loudspeakers through two different ACL links, able to transmit both and control information. source (master) Link 1 Link 2 receiver 1 (slave)... Channel Separate receiver N (slave) Channel Separate source (master) Link 1 Link 2 Left receiver (slave) Right receiver (slave) Fig. 4. Point-to-multipoint and user-controlled information transmission for stereo playback Since the expected bandwidth performance for each ACL link in the above case is (ideally) expected to be the half of the one obtained in the case of point-to-point setup, it is obvious that the maximum number N ch of the supported channels would be equal to: Fig. 5. Wireless multichannel transmission using point-tomultipoint connection setup in broadcast mode In broadcast mode, the maximum number of the channels equals to seven (the maximum allowable connections of a master device). Hence, apart from typical stereo applications, all current multichannel playback formats can also be supported (e.g. AC-3 coding, DTS etc). 3. IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING Following the several application environments described in the previous Section, a set of different enabled devices was implemented, in order to investigate the ability of wirelessly transmitting compressed quality data using the protocol, for different connection parameters (e.g. distance, ACL packet type). The implementation was based on propriety single chip baseband controller [6], together with Class 3/0dBm RF modules. The developed applications were executed at a PC using the supported PCMCIA physical interface for the connection with the baseband controller. Two typical Pentium III PCs were employed for all test cases. A brief 3

4 description of all the applications developed for this study is given in the following paragraphs. 3.1 Application implementation Point-to-point transmission In order to investigate the wireless transmission of using point-to-point connection, two applications were developed following the block diagram shown in Fig. 3. The application running on the Master host (shown in Fig. 6) is able to read stereo Wave files or CD- tracks, encode them using the MPEG-1 Layer III (mp3) standard and transmit them through an ACL link to the Slave host, which performs the decoding and real-time playback. Alternatively, direct transmission of already encoded (according to mp3 or WMA formats) material is supported. Before the start of playback, pre-buffering of the data is necessary for safety reasons. The length of the pre-buffering was set to 2 seconds of. The application also provides an interface for wireless control and transmission (from the Master side) typical reproduction commands and parameters such as: a) Start/Stop/Pause playback b) volume/balance control and c) a 10 band parametric equalizer. The above information is transmitted through the control logical channel, which is also used for transmitting playback timing and status information back to the Master at regular time instances of 1 second). The multiplexing of the control information with the actual data (transmitted through the data logical channel) was performed by the L2CAP layer. encode and transmit each channel separately through the ACL links to the corresponding playback devices. The above application alternatively supports broadcasting of the data to the connected devices. In this case, during the procedure of determining the Left and Right playback devices, a channel identifier must be assigned to both playback hosts. As is shown in Fig. 5, this identifier is used for extracting the appropriate channel from the broadcasted compressed stream (mp3 or WMA), and must be known to each remote player. 3.2 Test parameters and criteria For all applications implemented, the effective bit rate achieved during the wireless transmissions was measured (as described in Appendix A), since it represents the most critical parameter for uncorrupted, real-time playback. The measurements were performed in closed rooms with no additional interference existing in the range of 2.4GHz (Normal rooms) and with such interference present (Noisy rooms). During the transmissions, typical encoded material was transmitted. The size of the compressed transmitted data was in the range of 3 to 9MB, depending on the selected compression rate (64kbps up to 320kbps). For applications where the transmission of control information was activated, apart from the periodic exchange of the necessary control data between the connected devices, typical user interaction scenarios were applied in order to simulate real usage conditions. For the above measurements, several different connection parameters were considered: a) the distance d (in meters) between the connected devices b) the ACL packet type employed for each connection (as described in Section 1) and c) the length L p (in bytes) of the packets sent to the layer stack from the application layer (here referred as application packet length). Typical values of the above parameters considered in this work are shown in Table 1. Distance d (m) ACL packet L p (bytes) 1-20 DM1, DM3, DM x1013 DH1, DH3, DH5 (1k 55k) Table 1. Wireless transmission connection parameters 4. RESULTS 4.1 Point-to-point connection results Fig. 6. Wireless transmission and control user interface Fig. 7 shows the effective bitrate (b e ) measured in a normal room as function of the distance between two connected devices for all possible ACL and application packets considered in Section 3.2. During these measurements, no control logical channels were established, hence all the bandwidth was available for data transmission. From this figure, the following conclusions can be drawn: Point-to-multipoint transmission An extension to the previous point-to-point application was developed, allowing the transmission of two discrete channels separately, as illustrated in Fig. 4. After the successful establishment of the ACL links between the master and the slave hosts, a special initialization procedure takes place in order to define the Left and Right playback devices. After the completion of the above procedure, the source (master device) can 4

5 bitrate (kbps) distance (m) DH5 DH3 DM5 DM3 DH1 DM1 Fig. 7. Variation of the measured bitrate with the ACL packet type, the application packet length and the distance (no interference exists) (a) (b) (c) (d) The measured application-level bitrate strongly depends on the selected ACL packet. Clearly, for all cases of application packet length L p (appeared in Fig. 6 as a group of curves under the ACL packet name) the choice of DH5 packets achieves the highest bitrate values, which are very close to maximum of 721kbps defined by the specification. On the contrary, using other packet types significantly decreases the transmission s bitrate. This is in good agreement with results obtained from existing studies [8] assessing the effects of the ACL packets on the measured channel bitrate. Based on the previous results, it is obvious that DM1 packets cannot be used for real-time compressed quality playback, as they reduce the bitrate in the range of 100kbps. The effective bitrate remains almost constant with the distance. transmission is possible even for distances higher than the 12 meters considered here. The variation of the application packet length does not affect the achieved bitrate in a systematic way. Fig. 8 shows typical results for different application packet lengths obtained in noisy and normal rooms in the case of point-to-point transmission of content together with control information, using the multiplexing procedures of the L2CAP layer. In all test cases examined, DH5 ACL packets were considered, as they were found (see Section 4.1) to provide the maximum bandwidth efficiency. From this figure, the following conclusions can be drawn: bitrate (kbps) Distance (m) 40k, Normal 40k, Noisy 30k, Noisy 20k, Noisy Fig. 8. Variation of the measured bitrate with the distance for different application packet lengths (with the existence of interference and no interference) (a) (b) (c) (d) A general reduction on the resulting bitrate was observed, compared to the bitrate measured when no control information is transmitted. This can be explained as follows: (i) a part of the available bandwidth is used by the control information transmission (ii) the L2CAP read operations performed at the both the master and slave devices (which restore the original and control data from the transmitted multiplexed stream) block the execution of the applications (as defined in the specification), until a complete L2CAP payload packet is received. This reduces the effective bitrate, which is measured at the application level. On the other hand, the effective bitrate is constantly increasing with the application s packet length (as, in such a case, the applications execution is blocked fewer times). However, further increment of the packet length (above 40k) was found to introduce significant delays on the transmission of the control information, which are unacceptable for real-time applications. For small application packet lengths (20k, 30k), the delays introduced due to the blocking procedures of the L2CAP layer are longer than those caused by the retransmissions of the transmitted packets, thus the effective bitrate remains constant with the distance. On the other hand, when large application packets are considered (40k), and in rooms with interference, the retransmission delays are dominant and reduce the bitrate with the distance. Moreover, in rooms with interference, the measured bitrate is reduced with the distance between the devices and no connection can be performed for distances higher than 12m. On the other hand, when no interference is appeared, the transmission is successfully completed at distances greater than 20m. 4.2 Point-to-multipoint connection results Considering the case of concurrently transmitting and control data through two ACL links for stereo reproduction (as described in Section 2.2) a mean effective bitrate value was measured at both playback devices equal to 295kbps (almost the half of the corresponding value obtained for a single ACL link see Fig. 8). The distance of both devices from the master host was 1m, while only DH5 ACL and 40k application packets were employed. However, the above application setup introduces synchronization problems between the two playback devices, as different rates of retransmissions are performed on the two ACL links. The above problem can be overcome by pre-buffering an adequate portion of data (for this work, 3 seconds of was buffered before the playback started), but this does not affect a possible time-mismatch of the control (user-defined) information, which is however short and practically not noticed. In the case of broadcasting the and control information to both playback devices, the reproduction was just acceptable, due to packet losses introduced in the wireless path (in broadcast mode, data integrity is not assured as no dynamic retransmission mechanism is applied). Since the specification allows the definition of the number of retransmissions N performed in broadcast mode (which is constant even if a packet is successfully transmitted), the above losses are partially reduced with increasing N. with proportional reduction of the effective bandwidth. Typical 5

6 measurements of the effective bitrate and the percentage of the lost information are presented in Table 2, as a function of N. It should be noted that due to the induced packet losses, the measurements of the effective bitrate (b e ) shown in this table are not precise, as the packet losses decrease the final values. N b e (kbps) data losses %-9% %-3% Table 2. Measured effective bitrate and data losses as a function of retransmissions performed in broadcast mode (for 1m distance). Effective bitrate (b e - kbps) DM1 Broadcast (No retransmissions) Broadcast (1 retransmission) Stereo - L p =40k DH1 Real-time threshold line DH5 Mono - L p =40k DH3 DM5 DM3 Although the packet losses are small (especially in the case of 1 retransmission), since they are introduced to compressed data, the final reproduction is highly distorted. Moreover, as the losses vary in length and time between the two ACL links, they additionally introduce phase distortion between the two reproduced channels. The above observations seem to represent major restrictions for the development of multichannel applications (e.g. based on AC-3 coding DTS, etc), which given the bandwidth limitations of the protocol must be realized in broadcast mode. In practice, the above problems can be overcome by developing mechanisms in both the lower layer stack and the application layer, designed to perform packet loss signaling and retrieval procedures, as well as data restoration. Future research work by the authors is targeted towards this direction. 5. CONCLUSIONS In this paper, the wireless transmission of digital data using the protocol for real-time playback applications was examined, starting from the initial conclusion that reproduction can be achieved only after compressing the original material and transmitting it through ACL links. Several application scenarios were implemented and tested, realizing point-to-point and multipoint transmission of both and control information. The conclusions drawn from the results in the previous Section can help in assessing the optimal -based transmission parameters for compressed quality, real-time playback. Fig. 9 maps the measured effective bit rate (for 1m distance) with the data bitrate, indicating the maximum allowed compressed bitrate for all test cases considered. Ideally, uncorrupted real-time reproduction requires an effective bandwidth value at least equal to the compressed data bitrate. This condition is graphically represented by the Real-time threshold line. For all transmission cases examined, the maximum allowed compression bitrate is defined by the point of intersection of the mean measured effective bitrate value with the real-time threshold line. For example, from this figure it can be deduced that stereo and control information transmission (2 discrete ACL connections) is possible when each channel is encoded at a maximum of 256kbps (Stereo L p =40k case), while this rate is increased to 320kbps or higher when a single ACL link is considered (Mono - L p =40k case) Total compressed bitrate (kbps) 320 and higher Fig. 9. Mapping diagram of the data bitrate and the maximum allowed compressed bitrate for all test cases examined (for 1m distance) The above maximum compressed rates can somehow be relaxed if sufficient pre-buffering of the transmitted data is performed prior the playback. However, this increases the memory requirements on the playback-device side, while it introduces longer user-perceived delays. On the other hand, it should be noted that for longer distances, the effective bitrate is decreased and this proportionally decreases the maximum bitrates. The limited bandwidth provided by the technology was found to be adequate for mono or stereo playback. What it became evident though is that wireless multichannel applications require broadcasting of the and control information. However, as in broadcast mode data integrity is not assured, the packet losses introduced, significantly affect the perceived reproduction quality. Future research work should focus on the development of packet loss indication and restoration algorithms in both the layer stack and the application level in order to achieve better wireless transmission quality and playback performance. Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank Photis Thanos, Dionysis Papadopoulos and Spyros Kapotas (ATMEL Hellas S.A.) for their valuable contribution and suggestions concerning technology implementation. References [1] SIG, Baseband Specification Version 1.1. [2] IEEE a Standard, Part 11 Medium Access (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications, [3] ETSI, Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN); HYPERLAN type 2 technical specification, August [4] SIG, Specification of the System, Profiles, version 1.1, Generic /Video Distribution Profile. [5] SIG, Advanced Distribution Voting Profile version 0.9, 2001 (Confidential). [6] ATMEL AT76C551 Single Chip ler Datasheet, Aug

7 [7] Performance Aspects of Scatternet Formation, Gy. Miklos, A Racz, Z. Turanyi, A Valko, P. Johansson, IEEE [8] OK?, Mark Rison and Like D Arcy CSR, Incisor Newsletter, Issue 34, August 2001 APPENDIX A: Effective bit rate measurement The effective bit rate b e of a transmission is measured in the application level using the equation: nlp be = 8 (bit/sec) (2) T where n is the number of the application packets received in a T seconds duration and L p is the length (in bytes) of the selected application packet. Obviously, the above rate b e measured in application level is different than the bitrate b c (bit/sec) which can be measured on the wireless link itself. Generally, b e is related to b c by: b e = f( b c ) (3) where f() is a non-linear function depending on the mapping mechanism of each transmitted application packet to ACL packets (DM or DH). However, if the length L p is selected to be an integer multiple of the L2CAP packet payload (equal to 1013bytes), the relation of b e and b c becomes linear and depends only on the application load. 7

An evaluation tool for Wireless Digital Audio applications

An evaluation tool for Wireless Digital Audio applications An evaluation tool for Wireless Digital Audio applications Nicolas-Alexander Tatlas 1, Andreas Floros 2, and John Mourjopoulos 3 1 Audiogroup, Electrical Engineering and Computer Technology Department,

More information

Guide to Wireless Communications, 3 rd Edition. Objectives

Guide to Wireless Communications, 3 rd Edition. Objectives Guide to Wireless Communications, 3 rd Edition Chapter 5 Wireless Personal Area Networks Objectives Describe a wireless personal area network (WPAN) List the different WPAN standards and their applications

More information

e-pg Pathshala Quadrant 1 e-text

e-pg Pathshala Quadrant 1 e-text e-pg Pathshala Subject : Computer Science Module: Bluetooth Paper: Computer Networks Module No: CS/CN/37 Quadrant 1 e-text In our journey on networks, we are now exploring wireless networks. We looked

More information

Inside Bluetooth. Host. Bluetooth. Module. Application RFCOMM SDP. Transport Interface. Transport Bus. Host Controller Interface

Inside Bluetooth. Host. Bluetooth. Module. Application RFCOMM SDP. Transport Interface. Transport Bus. Host Controller Interface Inside Bluetooth Application Host Application Host Audio (SCO) RFCOMM SDP Data (ACL) Control API and Legacy Support Modules Bluetooth HCI Driver Transport Interface Physical I/F Transport Bus Bluetooth

More information

Bluetooth Demystified

Bluetooth Demystified Bluetooth Demystified S-72.4210 Postgraduate Course in Radio Communications Er Liu liuer@cc.hut.fi -10 Content Outline Bluetooth History Bluetooth Market and Applications Bluetooth Protocol Stacks Radio

More information

Bluetooth. Quote of the Day. "I don't have to be careful, I've got a gun. -Homer Simpson. Stephen Carter March 19, 2002

Bluetooth. Quote of the Day. I don't have to be careful, I've got a gun. -Homer Simpson. Stephen Carter March 19, 2002 Bluetooth Stephen Carter March 19, 2002 Quote of the Day "I don't have to be careful, I've got a gun. -Homer Simpson 1 About Bluetooth Developed by a group called Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG),

More information

Bluetooth: Short-range Wireless Communication

Bluetooth: Short-range Wireless Communication Bluetooth: Short-range Wireless Communication Wide variety of handheld devices Smartphone, palmtop, laptop Need compatible data communication interface Complicated cable/config. problem Short range wireless

More information

CROSS-LAYER APPROACHES TO WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

CROSS-LAYER APPROACHES TO WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING Proceedings of the 4th Annual ISC Research Symposium ISCRS 2010 April 21, 2010, Rolla, Missouri CROSS-LAYER APPROACHES TO WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING Chaitri Aroskar caa279@mst.edu Y.R.Zheng

More information

Introduction to Wireless Networking ECE 401WN Spring 2009

Introduction to Wireless Networking ECE 401WN Spring 2009 I. Overview of Bluetooth Introduction to Wireless Networking ECE 401WN Spring 2009 Lecture 6: Bluetooth and IEEE 802.15 Chapter 15 Bluetooth and IEEE 802.15 What is Bluetooth? An always-on, short-range

More information

CS263: Wireless Communications and Sensor Networks

CS263: Wireless Communications and Sensor Networks CS263: Wireless Communications and Sensor Networks Matt Welsh Lecture 6: Bluetooth and 802.15.4 October 12, 2004 2004 Matt Welsh Harvard University 1 Today's Lecture Bluetooth Standard for Personal Area

More information

SIMULATION BASED ANALYSIS OF BLUETOOTH NETWORKS. M. Subramani and M. Ilyas

SIMULATION BASED ANALYSIS OF BLUETOOTH NETWORKS. M. Subramani and M. Ilyas SIMULATION BASED ANALYSIS OF BLUETOOTH NETWORKS M. Subramani and M. Ilyas College of Engineering Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, Florida 33431 {msubrama@cse.fau.edu, ilyas@fau.edu} Abstract Many

More information

ALL SAINTS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, BHOPAL

ALL SAINTS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, BHOPAL BLUETOOTH Amita Tiwari IIIrd Semester amitaasct@gmail.com Sunil Kumar IIIrd Semester sunilasct@gmail.com ALL SAINTS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, BHOPAL ABSTRACT Blue tooth is a standard developed by a group

More information

[A SHORT REPORT ON BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY]

[A SHORT REPORT ON BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY] 2011 [A SHORT REPORT ON BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY] By Ram Kumar Bhandari 1. Introduction Bluetooth Technology A Technical Report Bluetooth is a short-ranged wire-less communication technology implementing the

More information

UNIT 5 P.M.Arun Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of IT, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore.

UNIT 5 P.M.Arun Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of IT, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore. Communication Switching Techniques UNIT 5 P.M.Arun Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of IT, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore. Bluetooth Techniques References 1. Wireless

More information

PCs Closed! Cell Phones Off! Marketing Assistant Manager - Magic Lin

PCs Closed! Cell Phones Off! Marketing Assistant Manager - Magic Lin Bluetooth solution PCs Closed! Cell Phones Off! Marketing Assistant Manager - Magic Lin 林 lin.magic@tw.anritsu.com 0933-710-634 v.9 群 1 Bluetooth Core System Architecture 2 Bluetooth Core System Architecture_2

More information

Performance Evaluation of Bluetooth Links in the Presence of Specific Types of Interference

Performance Evaluation of Bluetooth Links in the Presence of Specific Types of Interference Vol:1, No:3, 27 Performance Evaluation of Bluetooth Links in the Presence of Specific Types of Interference Radosveta Sokullu and Engin Karatepe International Science Index, Electrical and Computer Engineering

More information

ENRNG3076 : Oral presentation BEng Computer and Communications Engineering

ENRNG3076 : Oral presentation BEng Computer and Communications Engineering Jean Parrend ENRNG3076 : Oral presentation BEng Computer and Communications Engineering 1 Origin 2 Purpose : Create a cable replacement standard for personal area network Handle simultaneously both data

More information

Local Area Networks NETW 901

Local Area Networks NETW 901 Local Area Networks NETW 901 Lecture 6 IEEE 802.15.1 - Bluetooth Course Instructor: Dr.-Ing. Maggie Mashaly maggie.ezzat@guc.edu.eg C3.220 1 The 802.15 Family Target environment: communication of personal

More information

Bluetooth. Bluetooth Radio

Bluetooth. Bluetooth Radio Bluetooth Bluetooth is an open wireless protocol stack for low-power, short-range wireless data communications between fixed and mobile devices, and can be used to create Personal Area Networks (PANs).

More information

MOBILE COMPUTING. Jan-May,2012. ALAK ROY. Assistant Professor Dept. of CSE NIT Agartala.

MOBILE COMPUTING. Jan-May,2012. ALAK ROY. Assistant Professor Dept. of CSE NIT Agartala. WPAN: Bluetooth MOBILE COMPUTING Jan-May,2012 ALAK ROY. Assistant Professor Dept. of CSE NIT Agartala Email-alakroy.nerist@gmail.com EM Spectrum ISM band 902 928 Mhz 2.4 2.4835 Ghz 5.725 5.85 Ghz LF MF

More information

Introduction to Bluetooth

Introduction to Bluetooth Introduction to Bluetooth Kirsten Matheus The idea behind Bluetooth The problems when trying to realize the idea The solutions used in Bluetooth How well the solutions work 12.06.2003 1 he Idea Behind

More information

Wireless Personal Area Networks & Wide Area Networks

Wireless Personal Area Networks & Wide Area Networks Wireless Personal Area Networks & Wide Area Networks Patrick J. Stockreisser p.j.stockreisser@cs.cardiff.ac.uk Lecture Outline In the lecture we will: Look at PAN s in more detail Look at example networks

More information

Wireless LANs/data networks

Wireless LANs/data networks RADIO SYSTEMS - ETIN15 Lecture no: 12 Wireless LANs/data networks Ove Edfors, Department of Electrical and Information Technology Ove.Edfors@eit.lth.se 2016-05-03 Ove Edfors - ETIN15 1 Centralized and

More information

Amarjeet Singh. February 7, 2012

Amarjeet Singh. February 7, 2012 Amarjeet Singh February 7, 2012 References Bluetooth Protocol Architecture v.1 www.bluetooth.org http://www.tutorial-reports.com/wireless/bluetooth/ Slides from last class uploaded on the course website

More information

Feasibility of a Bluetooth Based Structural Health Monitoring Telemetry System

Feasibility of a Bluetooth Based Structural Health Monitoring Telemetry System Feasibility of a Bluetooth Based Structural Health Monitoring Telemetry System Item Type text; Proceedings Authors Uchil, Vilas; Kosbar, Kurt Publisher International Foundation for Telemetering Journal

More information

Analysis of UDP Performance over Bluetooth

Analysis of UDP Performance over Bluetooth Analysis of UDP Performance over Bluetooth Martin Connolly, Cormac J. Sreenan University College Cork Department of Computer Science Email: cjs@cs.ucc.ie Abstract The Bluetooth protocol is one of the better-known

More information

WIRELESS-NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES/PROTOCOLS

WIRELESS-NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES/PROTOCOLS 3 WIRELESS-NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES/PROTOCOLS Dr. H. K. Verma Distinguished Professor (EEE) Sharda University, Greater Noida (Formerly: Deputy Director and Professor of Instrumentation Indian Institute of

More information

Improving Simultaneous Voice and Data Performance in Bluetooth Systems

Improving Simultaneous Voice and Data Performance in Bluetooth Systems Improving Simultaneous Voice and Data Performance in Bluetooth Systems Abstract In the Bluetooth system, isochronous applications, such as voice and audio, are carried by Synchronous Connection Oriented

More information

IEEE P Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks TM

IEEE P Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks TM IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks TM SCORT - An Alternative to the Bluetooth SCO Link for Voice Operation in an Interference Environment Slide 1 Bluetooth SCO Link The Bluetooth

More information

System Level Analysis of the Bluetooth standard

System Level Analysis of the Bluetooth standard System Level Analysis of the standard Massimo Conti, Daniele Moretti Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, I-60131, Ancona, Italy Abstract The SystemC modules of the Link Manager Layer

More information

Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks Wireless Sensor Networks 11th Lecture 29.11.2006 Christian Schindelhauer schindel@informatik.uni-freiburg.de 1 Bluetooth in WSN? There are several commercially available MAC protocol/products Wi-Fi Bluetooth

More information

Bluetooth ACL Packet Selection Via Maximizing the Expected Throughput Efficiency of ARQ Protocol

Bluetooth ACL Packet Selection Via Maximizing the Expected Throughput Efficiency of ARQ Protocol Bluetooth ACL Packet Selection Via aximizing the Expected Throughput Efficiency of AQ Protocol Xiang Li 1,2,*, an-tian Li 1, Zhen-Guo Gao 2, and Li-Ning Sun 1 1 obot esearch Institute, Harbin Institute

More information

Correct Bluetooth EDR FEC Performance with SEC-DAEC Decoding

Correct Bluetooth EDR FEC Performance with SEC-DAEC Decoding Correct Bluetooth EDR FEC Performance with SEC-DAEC Decoding R. Razavi, M. Fleury and M. Ghanbari By selecting from Bluetooth s Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) packet types according to channel conditions, optimal

More information

12/2/09. Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing. Bluetooth Networking" George Roussos! Bluetooth Overview"

12/2/09. Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing. Bluetooth Networking George Roussos! Bluetooth Overview Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing Bluetooth Networking" George Roussos! g.roussos@dcs.bbk.ac.uk! Bluetooth Overview" A cable replacement technology! Operates in the unlicensed ISM band at 2.4 GHz! Frequency

More information

CS4/MSc Computer Networking. Lecture 13: Personal Area Networks Bluetooth

CS4/MSc Computer Networking. Lecture 13: Personal Area Networks Bluetooth CS4/MSc Computer Networking Lecture 13: Personal Area Networks Bluetooth Computer Networking, Copyright University of Edinburgh 2005 BlueTooth Low cost wireless connectivity for Personal Area Networks

More information

Solving the Interference Problem due to Wireless LAN for Bluetooth Transmission Using a Non- Collaborative Mechanism. Yun-Ming, Chiu 2005/6/09

Solving the Interference Problem due to Wireless LAN for Bluetooth Transmission Using a Non- Collaborative Mechanism. Yun-Ming, Chiu 2005/6/09 Solving the Interference Problem due to Wireless LAN for Bluetooth Transmission Using a Non- Collaborative Mechanism Yun-Ming, Chiu 2005/6/09 Outline Overview Survey of Bluetooth Structure of Bluetooth

More information

Optimizing Packet Size via Maximizing Throughput Efficiency of ARQ on Bluetooth ACL Data Communication Link

Optimizing Packet Size via Maximizing Throughput Efficiency of ARQ on Bluetooth ACL Data Communication Link Proceedings of the 5th WSEAS Int. Conf. on APPLIED INFOATICS and COUNICATIONS, alta, September -7, 25 (pp24-28 Optimizing Pacet Size via aximizing Throughput Efficiency of AQ on Bluetooth ACL Data Communication

More information

Simulation of Bluetooth Network

Simulation of Bluetooth Network Simulation of Bluetooth Network Lennart Lagerstedt Stockholm, 2003 Master of Science Thesis Project The Department of Microelectronics and Information Technology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Lennart

More information

Efficient Multicast Schemes for Mobile Multiparty Gaming Applications

Efficient Multicast Schemes for Mobile Multiparty Gaming Applications Efficient Multicast Schemes for Mobile Multiparty Gaming Applications P6-6th semester 2006 Group 681 - ComNet Aalborg University 9th March 2006 Institut for elektroniske systemer Fr. Bajers Vej 7 Telefon

More information

Embedded Systems. 8. Communication

Embedded Systems. 8. Communication Embedded Systems 8. Communication Lothar Thiele 8-1 Contents of Course 1. Embedded Systems Introduction 2. Software Introduction 7. System Components 10. Models 3. Real-Time Models 4. Periodic/Aperiodic

More information

SE 4C03 Winter 2005 Bluetooth Wireless Network Technology

SE 4C03 Winter 2005 Bluetooth Wireless Network Technology SE 4C03 Winter 2005 Bluetooth Wireless Network Technology Researcher: Daren Tan Shen Hau Last Revised: April 4, 2005 Bluetooth As everyone will ask, what is Bluetooth? Bluetooth is a new technology that

More information

Wireless multipoint communication for optical sensors in the industrial environment using the new Bluetooth standard

Wireless multipoint communication for optical sensors in the industrial environment using the new Bluetooth standard Wireless multipoint communication for optical sensors in the industrial environment using the new Bluetooth standard Stephan Hussmann*a, Wing Yan Laua, Terry ChUa, Markus Grothofb aschool of Engineering,

More information

A Tool for Simulating IEEE e Contention-based Access

A Tool for Simulating IEEE e Contention-based Access A Tool for Simulating IEEE 802.11e Contention-based Access Andreas Floros 1 and Theodore Karoubalis 2 1 Dept. of Informatics, Ionian University, Plateia Tsirigoti 7, 49 100 Corfu, Greece floros@ionio.gr

More information

ADAPTIVE PACKET SELECTION ALGORITHM FOR BLUETOOTH DATA PACKETS

ADAPTIVE PACKET SELECTION ALGORITHM FOR BLUETOOTH DATA PACKETS Proceedings of the 6th WSEAS International Conference on Applied Computer Science, Hangzhou, China, April 15-17, 2007 160 ADAPTIVE PACKET SELECTION ALGORITHM FOR BLUETOOTH DATA PACKETS RADOSVETA SOKULLU

More information

Essential Bluetooth It s everywhere you want to be

Essential Bluetooth It s everywhere you want to be IEEE OEB Wireless Seminar Fremont, CA - 12/07/02 Essential Bluetooth It s everywhere you want to be Noel Baisa Technical Marketing Manager Device Connectivity Division 408-721 721-74667466 Noel.Baisa Baisa@nsc.com

More information

Special Course in Computer Science: Local Networks. Lecture

Special Course in Computer Science: Local Networks. Lecture Special Course in Computer Science: Local Networks Lecture 11 16.5.2012 Roadmap of the Course So far Basic telecom concepts General study of LANs Local Networks Ethernet Token bus Token ring ATM LAN Wi-Fi

More information

Delivering Voice over IEEE WLAN Networks

Delivering Voice over IEEE WLAN Networks Delivering Voice over IEEE 802.11 WLAN Networks Al Petrick, Jim Zyren, Juan Figueroa Harris Semiconductor Palm Bay Florida Abstract The IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN standard was developed primarily for packet

More information

Introduction to Bluetooth Wireless Technology

Introduction to Bluetooth Wireless Technology Introduction to Bluetooth Wireless Technology Jon Inouye Staff Software Engineer Mobile Platforms Group Intel Corporation Bluetooth Bluetooth is is a a trademark trademark owned owned by by Bluetooth Bluetooth

More information

Computer Networks II Advanced Features (T )

Computer Networks II Advanced Features (T ) Computer Networks II Advanced Features (T-110.5111) Bluetooth, PhD Assistant Professor DCS Research Group Based on slides previously done by Matti Siekkinen, reused with permission For classroom use only,

More information

Bluetooth General Information White Paper

Bluetooth General Information White Paper General Information is the registered trademark of Atmel Corporation, 2325 Orchard Parkway, San Jose, CA 95131 Rev. 1993A 11/00 Introduction The wireless technology is the world s new shortrange RF transmission

More information

Experimental Assessment of Media Synchronization Quality in IEEE b under Bluetooth Interference

Experimental Assessment of Media Synchronization Quality in IEEE b under Bluetooth Interference Experimental Assessment of Media Synchronization Quality in IEEE 802.11b under Bluetooth Interference Masami KATO, Hirotsugu OKURA, Kiyoshige ITO and Shuji TASAKA Digital Systems Development Center BU,

More information

Bluetooth. Renato Lo Cigno

Bluetooth. Renato Lo Cigno Bluetooth Renato Lo Cigno www.dit.unitn.it/locigno/teaching ...Copyright Quest opera è protetta dalla licenza Creative Commons NoDerivs- NonCommercial. Per vedere una copia di questa licenza, consultare:

More information

November 1998 doc.: IEEE /378 IEEE P Wireless LANs Extension of Bluetooth and Direct Sequence Interference Model.

November 1998 doc.: IEEE /378 IEEE P Wireless LANs Extension of Bluetooth and Direct Sequence Interference Model. IEEE P802.11 Wireless LANs Extension of Bluetooth and 802.11 Direct Sequence Interference Model Date: November 11, 1998 Author: Jim Zyren Harris Semiconductor Melbourne, FL, USA Phone: (407)729-4177 Fax:

More information

Image acquisition and Communication

Image acquisition and Communication Image acquisition and Communication Developements around the ACME Fox Board E. Pamba Capo-ChiChi 1,2,G. Weisenhorn 1,J-M. Friedt 3,4 H. Guyennet 1,2 1 Department of Computer Science University of Franche-Comte

More information

By N.Golmie Presented by: Sushanth Divvela

By N.Golmie Presented by: Sushanth Divvela By N.Golmie Presented by: Sushanth Divvela 1 Agenda Introduction WPAN WLAN Simulation Models Simulation results Concluding remarks 2 Introduc.on Coexistence of WPAN and WLAN Performance evaluation WLAN

More information

A Guide. Wireless Network Library Bluetooth

A Guide. Wireless Network Library Bluetooth A Guide to the Wireless Network Library Conforming to Standard v1.1 SystemView by ELANIX Copyright 1994-2005, Eagleware Corporation All rights reserved. Eagleware-Elanix Corporation 3585 Engineering Drive,

More information

Sensor Application for Museum Guidance

Sensor Application for Museum Guidance Sensor Application for Museum Guidance Radka Dimitrova a a TU,Dresden, Germany, e-mail: dimitrova@ifn.et.tu-dresden.de Abstract - This article examines the conditions for successful communication and power

More information

By FaaDoOEngineers.com

By FaaDoOEngineers.com ABSTRACT The seemingly endless entanglement of data wires connecting today s electronic devices has become slightly less jumbled with the introduction of Bluetooth technology and the creation of a wireless

More information

Bhopal, , India 3 M.Tech Scholor,Department Of Computer Science, BIST Bhopal. Bhopal, , India

Bhopal, , India 3 M.Tech Scholor,Department Of Computer Science, BIST Bhopal. Bhopal, , India Indirect Mobile Data Transfer Under Bluetooth Protocol 1 Pramod Kumar Maurya, 2 Gireesh Dixit, 3 Jay Prakash Maurya 1 M.Tech Scholor, 2 HOD, Department Of Computer Science, MPM, Bhopal, Bhopal, 462021,

More information

A COLLOCATED APPROACH FOR COEXISTENCE RESOLUTION IN WIRELESS HOME NETWORKING

A COLLOCATED APPROACH FOR COEXISTENCE RESOLUTION IN WIRELESS HOME NETWORKING A COLLOCATED APPROACH FOR COEXISTENCE RESOLUTION IN WIRELESS HOME NETWORKING Md Enamul Islam, Sanjay Jha, Dr. Paul W.H. Kwan, Monzurur Rahman School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University

More information

Chapter 10: Wireless LAN & VLANs

Chapter 10: Wireless LAN & VLANs Chapter 10: Wireless LAN & VLANs Abdullah Konak School of Information Sciences and Technology Penn State Berks Wireless Transmission for LAN Radio Frequency Transmission (RF) Infrared Transmission 2 1

More information

Expanding the use of CTS-to-Self mechanism to improving broadcasting on IEEE networks

Expanding the use of CTS-to-Self mechanism to improving broadcasting on IEEE networks Expanding the use of CTS-to-Self mechanism to improving broadcasting on IEEE 802.11 networks Christos Chousidis, Rajagopal Nilavalan School of Engineering and Design Brunel University London, UK {christos.chousidis,

More information

Wireless Communications

Wireless Communications 4. Medium Access Control Sublayer DIN/CTC/UEM 2018 Why do we need MAC for? Medium Access Control (MAC) Shared medium instead of point-to-point link MAC sublayer controls access to shared medium Examples:

More information

Bluetooth Wireless Technology meets CAN

Bluetooth Wireless Technology meets CAN Bluetooth Wireless Technology meets CAN Matthias Fuchs esd electronic system design GmbH, Hannover, Germany To access mobile and moving CAN fieldbus systems a wireless approach is often a good solution.

More information

CHAPTER 5 PROPAGATION DELAY

CHAPTER 5 PROPAGATION DELAY 98 CHAPTER 5 PROPAGATION DELAY Underwater wireless sensor networks deployed of sensor nodes with sensing, forwarding and processing abilities that operate in underwater. In this environment brought challenges,

More information

CHAPTER 12 BLUETOOTH AND IEEE

CHAPTER 12 BLUETOOTH AND IEEE CHAPTER 12 BLUETOOTH AND IEEE 802.15 These slides are made available to faculty in PowerPoint form. Slides can be freely added, modified, and deleted to suit student needs. They represent substantial work

More information

A Routing Protocol and Energy Efficient Techniques in Bluetooth Scatternets

A Routing Protocol and Energy Efficient Techniques in Bluetooth Scatternets A Routing Protocol and Energy Efficient Techniques in Bluetooth Scatternets Balakrishna J. Prabhu and A. Chockalingam Department of Electrical Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore

More information

CHANNEL CODING 1. Introduction

CHANNEL CODING 1. Introduction CHANNEL CODING 1. Introduction The fundamental resources at the disposal of a communications engineer are signal power, time and bandwidth. For a given communications environment, these three resources

More information

Communication Systems. WPAN: Bluetooth. Page 1

Communication Systems. WPAN: Bluetooth. Page 1 Communication Systems WPAN: Bluetooth Page 1 Outline Historical perspective Piconet Scatternet Lattency modes Applications Page 2 Bluetooth Bluetooth (BT) wireless technology is a short-range communications

More information

Implementing A Bluetooth Stack on UEFI

Implementing A Bluetooth Stack on UEFI Implementing A Bluetooth Stack on UEFI Tony C.S. Lo Senior Manager American Megatrends Inc. presented by UEFI Plugfest October 2014 Agenda Introduction Bluetooth Architecture UEFI Bluetooth Stack Summary

More information

PROPOSAL OF MULTI-HOP WIRELESS LAN SYSTEM FOR QOS GUARANTEED TRANSMISSION

PROPOSAL OF MULTI-HOP WIRELESS LAN SYSTEM FOR QOS GUARANTEED TRANSMISSION PROPOSAL OF MULTI-HOP WIRELESS LAN SYSTEM FOR QOS GUARANTEED TRANSMISSION Phuc Khanh KIEU, Shinichi MIYAMOTO Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-871 JAPAN

More information

Modeling of an MPEG Audio Layer-3 Encoder in Ptolemy

Modeling of an MPEG Audio Layer-3 Encoder in Ptolemy Modeling of an MPEG Audio Layer-3 Encoder in Ptolemy Patrick Brown EE382C Embedded Software Systems May 10, 2000 $EVWUDFW MPEG Audio Layer-3 is a standard for the compression of high-quality digital audio.

More information

Enhancing Bluetooth TCP Throughput via Link Layer Packet Adaptation

Enhancing Bluetooth TCP Throughput via Link Layer Packet Adaptation Enhancing Bluetooth TCP Throughput via Link Layer Packet Adaptation Ling-Jyh Chen, Rohit Kapoor, M. Y. Sanadidi, Mario Gerla UCLA Computer Science Department, Los Angeles, CA 995, USA {cclljj, rohitk,

More information

Bluetooth. Basic idea

Bluetooth. Basic idea Bluetooth Basic idea Universal radio interface for ad-hoc wireless connectivity Interconnecting computer and peripherals, handheld devices, DAs, cell phones replacement of IrDA Embedded in other devices,

More information

INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION FOR STANDARDISATION ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 CODING OF MOVING PICTURES AND AUDIO

INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION FOR STANDARDISATION ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 CODING OF MOVING PICTURES AND AUDIO INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION FOR STANDARDISATION ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 CODING OF MOVING PICTURES AND AUDIO ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 N15071 February 2015, Geneva,

More information

IEEE C802.16h-07/017. IEEE Broadband Wireless Access Working Group <

IEEE C802.16h-07/017. IEEE Broadband Wireless Access Working Group < Project Title Date Submitted IEEE 82.16 Broadband Wireless Access Working Group Simulation of IEEE 82.16h and IEEE Coexistence (Preliminary Report) 7-1-12 Source(s) John Sydor, Amir

More information

AL-FEC for Streaming Services over LTE Systems

AL-FEC for Streaming Services over LTE Systems AL-FEC for Streaming Services over LTE Systems Christos Bouras 1,2, Nikolaos Kanakis 2, Vasileios Kokkinos 1,2, Andreas Papazois 1,2 1 Computer Technology Institute and Press Diophantus, Patras, Greece

More information

MOBILE COMPUTING. Bluetooth 9/20/15. CSE 40814/60814 Fall Basic idea

MOBILE COMPUTING. Bluetooth 9/20/15. CSE 40814/60814 Fall Basic idea OBILE COUTING CE 40814/60814 Fall 2015 Bluetooth Basic idea Universal radio interface for ad-hoc wireless connectivity Interconnecting computer and peripherals, handheld devices, DAs, cell phones replacement

More information

Advanced Mobile Computing and Networking - CS 560. Wireless Technologies. Bluetooth. Bluetooth. Bluetooth. Bluetooth 7/3/2014.

Advanced Mobile Computing and Networking - CS 560. Wireless Technologies. Bluetooth. Bluetooth. Bluetooth. Bluetooth 7/3/2014. Advanced Mobile Computing and Networking - CS 560 Assessment CA 40% - Assignment 20% - 2 Tests 10% each Exam 60% Wireless Technologies, Infrared Data Association (),, and Institute of Electrical and Electronic

More information

Payload Length and Rate Adaptation for Throughput Optimization in Wireless LANs

Payload Length and Rate Adaptation for Throughput Optimization in Wireless LANs Payload Length and Rate Adaptation for Throughput Optimization in Wireless LANs Sayantan Choudhury and Jerry D. Gibson Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Califonia, Santa Barbara

More information

original standard a transmission at 5 GHz bit rate 54 Mbit/s b support for 5.5 and 11 Mbit/s e QoS

original standard a transmission at 5 GHz bit rate 54 Mbit/s b support for 5.5 and 11 Mbit/s e QoS IEEE 802.11 The standard defines a wireless physical interface and the MAC layer while LLC layer is defined in 802.2. The standardization process, started in 1990, is still going on; some versions are:

More information

IMPLEMENTING MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKING (MANET) OVER LEGACY TACTICAL RADIO LINKS. Presented at MILCOM 2007 October 29, 2007

IMPLEMENTING MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKING (MANET) OVER LEGACY TACTICAL RADIO LINKS. Presented at MILCOM 2007 October 29, 2007 IMPLEMENTING MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKING (MANET) OVER LEGACY TACTICAL RADIO LINKS Presented at MILCOM 27 October 29, 27 ABSTRACT Mobile Ad Hoc Networking (MANET) is a key technology enabler in the tactical

More information

IEEE P Wireless LANs Impact of Bluetooth on Direct Sequence. Abstract

IEEE P Wireless LANs Impact of Bluetooth on Direct Sequence. Abstract IEEE P802.11 Wireless LANs Impact of Bluetooth on 802.11 Direct Sequence Date: September 15, 1998 Author: Greg Ennis Ennis Associates 16331 Englewood Ave. Los Gatos CA 95032 USA Phone: (408) 358-5544 Fax:

More information

MODELING AND SIMULATION OF IEEE WIRELESS-LAN AND BLUETOOTH PICONET RANGE INTERFERENCE

MODELING AND SIMULATION OF IEEE WIRELESS-LAN AND BLUETOOTH PICONET RANGE INTERFERENCE MODELING AND SIMULATION OF IEEE 802.11 WIRELESS-LAN AND BLUETOOTH PICONET RANGE INTERFERENCE Patrick O. Bobbie and Abdul-Lateef Yussiff School of Computing and Software Engineering Southern Polytechnic

More information

RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BT.1720 *

RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BT.1720 * Rec. ITU-R BT.1720 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BT.1720 * Quality of service ranking and measurement methods for digital video broadcasting services delivered over broadband Internet protocol networks (Question

More information

Introducing Bluetooth

Introducing Bluetooth Chapter 1 Introducing Bluetooth In This Chapter From the beginning, Bluetooth technology was intended to hasten the convergence of voice and data to handheld devices, such as cellular telephones and portable

More information

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES Bluetooth, ZigBee and ANT Thomas Aasebø OVERVIEW What are wireless sensor networks? What are personal area networks? What are these networks typically used for? Bluetooth, ZigBee

More information

Energy Evaluation for Bluetooth Link Layer Packet Selection Scheme

Energy Evaluation for Bluetooth Link Layer Packet Selection Scheme European Wireless 29 1 Energy Evaluation for Bluetooth Link Layer Packet Selection Scheme Gian Paolo Perrucci and Morten V. Pedersen and Tatiana K. Madsen and Frank H.P. Fitzek Department of Electronic

More information

WiMedia Ultra-wideband: Efficiency Considerations of the Effects of Protocol Overhead on Data Throughput. January All Rights Reserved.

WiMedia Ultra-wideband: Efficiency Considerations of the Effects of Protocol Overhead on Data Throughput. January All Rights Reserved. WiMedia Ultra-wideband: Efficiency Considerations of the Effects of Protocol Overhead on Data Throughput January 2009. All Rights Reserved. Contributed by WiMedia member company Abstract Today s wireless

More information

Bluetooth. The Bluetooth Vision. Universal Wireless Connectivity. Universal Wireless Connectivity

Bluetooth. The Bluetooth Vision. Universal Wireless Connectivity. Universal Wireless Connectivity 1 2 The Vision Universal wireless connectivity Replace existing cables with radio Connect systems that have been separate Ubiquitous computing environment Intelligent devices performing distributed services

More information

Bluetooth Tutorial. Bluetooth Introduction. Bluetooth Technology

Bluetooth Tutorial. Bluetooth Introduction. Bluetooth Technology Bluetooth Tutorial Bluetooth strives to remove the never ending maze of wires which provide a communication link between different electronic devices, through a short range wireless solution. Consider

More information

Improving Bluetooth EDR Data Throughput Using FEC and Interleaving

Improving Bluetooth EDR Data Throughput Using FEC and Interleaving Improving Bluetooth EDR Data Throughput Using FEC and Interleaving Ling-Jyh Chen 1, Tony Sun 2, and Yung-Chih Chen 1 1 Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan {cclljj, ycchen}@iis.sinica.edu.tw

More information

The following bit rates are recommended for broadcast contribution employing the most commonly used audio coding schemes:

The following bit rates are recommended for broadcast contribution employing the most commonly used audio coding schemes: Page 1 of 8 1. SCOPE This Operational Practice sets out guidelines for minimising the various artefacts that may distort audio signals when low bit-rate coding schemes are employed to convey contribution

More information

Redes Inalámbricas Tema 2.B Wireless PANs: Bluetooth

Redes Inalámbricas Tema 2.B Wireless PANs: Bluetooth Redes Inalámbricas Tema 2.B Wireless PANs: Bluetooth Bluetooh Acknowledgments: Foo Chun Choong, Ericsson Research / Cyberlab Singapore, and Open Source Software Lab, ECE Dept, NUS Máster de Ingeniería

More information

Design Brief CD15 Prisma Compact Disc and Digital Music Player

Design Brief CD15 Prisma Compact Disc and Digital Music Player Design Brief CD15 Prisma Compact Disc and Digital Music Player CD15 Prisma is an integrated digital music source, combining compact disc and stored or streamed media playback. Contents Design Philosophy

More information

Design Brief CD35 Prisma Compact Disc and Digital Music Player

Design Brief CD35 Prisma Compact Disc and Digital Music Player Design Brief CD35 Prisma Compact Disc and Digital Music Player CD35 Prisma CD player combines a state-of-the-art TEAC dedicated CD drive, all-new reference balanced DAC stage feeding a finely tuned balanced

More information

AT THE END OF THIS SECTION, YOU SHOULD HAVE AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE

AT THE END OF THIS SECTION, YOU SHOULD HAVE AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE Wireless Technology AT THE END OF THIS SECTION, YOU SHOULD HAVE AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNDERLYING WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES. References 2 The physical layer provides mechanical, electrical, l functional,

More information

Modulation. Propagation. Typical frequency bands

Modulation. Propagation. Typical frequency bands References Wireless Technology 2 AT THE END OF THIS SECTION, YOU SHOULD HAVE AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNDERLYING WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES. The physical layer provides mechanical, electrical, l functional,

More information

Wireless# Guide to Wireless Communications. Objectives

Wireless# Guide to Wireless Communications. Objectives Wireless# Guide to Wireless Communications Chapter 6 High Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks Objectives Define a high rate wireless personal area network (HR WPAN) List the different HR WPAN standards

More information

MPEG-4 aacplus - Audio coding for today s digital media world

MPEG-4 aacplus - Audio coding for today s digital media world MPEG-4 aacplus - Audio coding for today s digital media world Whitepaper by: Gerald Moser, Coding Technologies November 2005-1 - 1. Introduction Delivering high quality digital broadcast content to consumers

More information