Smart Home and Cloud Interworking System (SHCI) Architecture Design for a Cloud broker based Smart Home Environment
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1 Smart Home and Cloud Interworking System (SHCI) Architecture Design 1 Ga-Won Lee, 2 Sang-Ho Na, 3 Kyoung-Hun Kim, 4 Eui-Nam Huh 1, First Author Kyung Hee University, gawon@khu.ac.kr 2, Kyung Hee University, shna@khu.ac.kr 3, Gangdong College, iioii.net@gmail.com *4, Corresponding Author Kyung Hee University, johnhuh@khu.ac.kr Abstract Smart home refers to intelligent life environments and living spaces. Smart home technology has been actualized by ubiquitous computing technology through internet use with home networking and networked home appliances based on wired/wireless communication. Providing various smart home services requires high performance resources in devices and servers for enormous data collection and analysis. In order to meet such requirements, this paper proposes a smart home and cloud interworking system for the cloud broker based smart home environment. Keywords: Smart Home, Virtualization, Virtual-Home Gateway, Cloud Computing 1. Introduction Smart Home technology has been actualized by ubiquitous computing technology which provides various services for users based on sensors, devices and home appliances with wired and wireless home networks. In this Smart Home environment, services should be provided with meaningful and customized data in order to provide high quality services to users with not only data collection but also data analysis. Thus, high performance resources are required in devices and servers to collect enormous data and data analysis. In order to meet such requirements, we need Smart Home and Cloud Interworking System (SHCI). In this concept, smart home devices simply collect and deliver the data to servers. The Servers, which provide high performance computing power, analyze and store the smart home data in cloud. In this paper, we propose a virtual home gateway and cloud interworking system for cloud-based smart home. Our contributions can be summarized as follows: We propose a SHCI system architecture using virtual home gateway. According to this concept, virtual home gateway supports almost all functionalities for previous smart home gateway. Therefore, previous smart home gateway, located in house, becomes lightweight and easy to expand. This model offers a fast data searching, matching and big-data analysis in cloud. Our proposed model supports dynamic command conversion of various protocols. Also, SHCI system supports to provide new device detection using OSGi and upnp. Virtual home gateway provides easy maintainability and expandability. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. In section 2, we define the related works associated with cloud commuting resource estimation, SLA management, and the service pricing method. In section 3, we describe our proposed model system architecture and the detail. Performance analysis and evaluation report include in the section 4. We conclude this paper in section Related Work 2.1 Smart Home Service Smart home is an intelligent life environment and living space that pursues environment-friendly living and innovation of quality of life. Smart home has been actualized by using smart devices which enabling internet in anytime, at anywhere, with any device like smart phones. Representative smart home technologies include 1) the smart digital home AV technology that can be remote-controlled in every digital home appliances, 2) the smart home energy management that is in International Journal of Advancements in Computing Technology(IJACT) Volume 5, Number 12, August
2 charge of complex energy management functions for automated control, 3) the smart home health care technology and 4) the smart home security technology. 2.2 Home Gateway Home gateway, also called as residential gateway is defined as an intelligent network interface device located at the consumer premises. In technical terms, a home gateway device does the bridging/routing, protocol and address translation between external broadband network and the internal home networks. It acts as a secure firewall, and also is the focal point for applications such as Voice/Video over IP, home automation etc [1]. Home gateway device allows the residential users to access their home networks and to control various devices from a remote location through Internet. The home gateway is an integrated technology with network access control technology, middleware technology, and home network technology to construct home information infrastructure. Various standardization organizations are engaging in activities related to home gateway technology. The Open Service Gateway Initiative (OSGi) and the Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) are representative standardization organizations [2]. The OSGi is an OS/platform independent middleware framework. OSGi supports a flexible life cycle model that enables dynamic installation, execution, update, and termination on a middleware framework. The DLNA is an organization that defines conventions to share various media contents. DLNA aims for convergence among businesses by building compatible platforms based on open business standardizations. Network setting and device detection are automatic in UpnP [3-5]. 2.3 M2M service Platform (Carrier Cloud) Machine-To-Machine (M2M) communication has emerged as a cutting edge technology for nextgeneration communications and is considered as the most promising solution for revolutionizing the future intelligent pervasive applications.[6] As shown in Figure 1, [5] presents an M2M service platform to support communication carriers in creating new infrastructure businesses with the Carrier Cloud. M2M service platform perform the role of home gateway, and each device interworking is done by communication carrier network. Virtualization and flexibility is advantage in this platform due to server handle almost all processes. However, this server-centric model has capability problem and each smart home must have own servers. Figure 1. M2M service platform concept [6] 442
3 3. Main title 3.1 Service Architecture SHCI Service purpose is to integrate and manage the information from home/personal devices in a cloud-based virtual space and provide services in smart screen devices. As shown in Figure 2, SHCI includes Smart Home Devices (SHD), Smart Home Gateway (SHG), Cloud Storage (CS), Virtual Home Gateway (VHG) and User Devices (UD). The SHD delivers environmental information to the connected smart home gateway. SHG transfer these data to the VHG which located in home cloud. Also, the SHD works by a user request. The SHG converts protocols between each device including control messages The SHG, in addition, detect and handle the emergency conditions and device failure. In home cloud, environmental information, device information and user information is stored to CS which is provided virtual instances and to provide automatic/manual monitoring for users. The VHG located in the home cloud generates the metadata of original data stored in CS to provide fast data searching and manages the user request. 3.2 Physical Objects Figure 2. SHCI service architecture Considering functional similarities and performances, the numerous functional entities expressed in the logical linking structure between smart homes and the home cloud are allocated to the following physical objects. SHD: Remote-controllable terminals and environmental information data collection sensors. SHG: Located in a smart home. Consists of data relay manager, device alteration detection agent, and emergency control manager. Transfers collected data to VHG and manages emergency/failures in smart home. VHG: Located in the home cloud. Consists of user request control, protocol converter, virtual gateway, and smart home information manager. Delivers user requests to each manager. 443
4 CS: Stores device information, smart home environmental information collected from devices, user information, etc. Monitoring Platform: A home Cloud platform that provides open API. Home Cloud Profile Server: A profile server storing service profiles including user and device information. Device Alteration Detection Agent Function (DADAF): Detect altered device information automatically. Data Relay Manager Server (DRMS): Data transmission between SH and home cloud. User Request Control (URC): Classify user request command and assign task to proper server/function. Integrated Monitoring Web Server (IMWS): Provide smart home monitoring service to users. Metadata Manager Server (MMS): Searching/Matching Function (SMF), Home Data Metadata Generate Function (HDMGF), Device Information Metadata Generate Function (DIMGF) Smart Home Information Manager Server (SHIMS): Home Data Store (HDS), Device Information Store (DIS) Emergency Control Manager Server (ECMS): Instruction Set Function (ISF), Emergency Control Agent (EDC), Emergency Alert Function (EAF) Figure 3. Physical Architecture of SHCI 3.3 Functionalities Functionalities of the virtual home gateway and cloud interworking system are as follows: Device information/smart home environment data store: device/environment information gathering, metadata generation, DB storage Device monitoring: user request management, metadata searching, data matching, data delivery Device controlling: user request management, protocol conversion, command message delivery Device alternation and detection: new device searching, new device request confirmation, device modification and deletion Emergency management in smart home: emergency detection, emergency control 444
5 Device failure management: failure detection (device failure, home-network failure, cloud connection failure, VHG/MSS/DB failure), failure control 4. Performance Analysis We compared the performance of the Previous Home Gateway (PHG) and designed Virtual Home Gateway (VHG). As shown in Table 1, the number of VHG Firmware updates and the number of H/W is less than PHG. Furthermore, VHG provides H/W independent data process, dynamic protocol conversion, automatic device detection, expandability, and easy maintenance. In this architecture users can control and monitor the smart home system with any smart-screen devices. Where, nsh: number of smart homes nphg: number of previous smart home gateways nvhg: number of virtual home gateways Table 1. Gateway Performance Comparison Category Previous Home Gateway Virtual Home Gateway # of HW nsh = nphg = nshg nvhg # of Firmware updates # of Smart Home # of VHG Sharing No Yes Energy Consumption High Low Data Process Ability/Speed Depend on HW Independent on HW Dynamic Protocol Convert No Yes New Device Detection Manual Automatic Control/Monitoring Device Restricted (only possible at wall-pad) Unrestricted (any Smart-Screen device) Expandability Hard Easy Maintenance Hard Easy Experiments were conducted by dividing the comparison into two sections: the number of firmware updates, and the speed of data analysis. In previous smart home architecture, the number of SH is the same as the number of PHG (nsh = nphg). In the proposed architecture VHG can be the same as smart home, and the smart home can share the VHG in the cloud; therefore, nsh nvhg. As shown in Figure 4, we analyze five cases for the number of firmware updates as follows: i) nsh = nvhg, 1 SH uses 1 VHG ii) 2nSH = nvhg, 2 SH shares 1 VHG iii) 5nSH = nvhg, 5 SH shares 1 VHG iv) 20nSH = nvhg, 50 SH shares 1 VHG v) 50nSH = nvhg, 100 SH shares 1 VHG 445
6 Figure 4. # of firmware updates comparison For the next experiment we used open-source software Apache Hadoop version and deployed the system with the default configuration settings. To compare the Hadoop data loading time with DBMS-X we used a parallel SQL DBMS. We assume that PHG loads the local data using DBMS- X, while VHG uses Hadoop in the cloud. We benchmark the Grep Task taken from the original MapRedduce paper [10]. Figure 5 shows the result for data loading of 1TB/cluster data sets. Figure 5. Data loading time comparison 5. Conclusion The existing smart home is dependent upon home gateways, and has difficulty in scalability and big data analysis. Integration with cloud computing can be one of the solutions. In this sense, this paper proposes a virtual home gateway and cloud interworking system in cloud-based smart home environment. We designed architecture and described functionalities. In the future, we will design more detail modules and develop prototype to verify our architecture and provide possibility of cloudbased smart home. 6. Acknowledgements This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education(No.NRF-2013R1A1A ). The corresponding author is Eui-Nam Huh. 446
7 7. References [1] Satish Satish Gupta, Home Gateway, White Paper of Wipro. Technologies, 2004 [2] Tetsuya Yokotani, " Next Generation Home Gateway and Appliance Control", EU-Japan Cooperation Forum on ICT Research, 2008 [3] Moon-Yook. Jang, Reference Model for interworking of U-City services in the Home Network (TTAK.KO ), TTA Journal, [4] Gwang-Hyun Kim, Design and Implementation of Home Gateway System based on OSGi, Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences, vol. 5, No. 1, pp.74-80, [5] Suzuki Katsuya and Inoue, Masahiro, Home network with cloud computing for Home Management, International Symposium on Consumer Electronics, pp , 2011 [6] Kata Kouji, Nakayama Yoshitaro and Seki Tadashi, M2M Service Platform to Support Carrier Cloud, NEC Technical Journal, Vol.5 No.2, pp , 2010 [7] Eui-Jik Kim and Sungkwan Youm, Machine-to-machine platform architecture for horizontal service integration, EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, Vol. 2013:79 [8] OSGi Alliance, RFP 133 Cloud Computing, 2011 [9] Yamada Katsuhiko and Shiojiri Hirohisa, Trends in M2M standardization and NEC s activities to promote the standardization of remote management technologies, NEC Technical Journal, Vol.6, No.4, 2011 [10] Kim Chang, Anthony Soong, Mitch Tseng and Zhixian Xiang, Global wireless machine-tomachine standardization, IEEE Internet Comput. Vol. 15, No.2, pp.64 69, 2011 [11] Jeffrey Dean and Sanjay Ghemawat, MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters, In proceedings of OSDI 04, pp , 2004 [12] Md. Motaharul. Islam, Jun Hyuk. Lee, Eui Nam Huh, An Efficient Model for Smart Home by the Virtualization of Wireless Sensor Network, International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, vol [13] Md. Motaharul Islam, Mohammad Mehedi Hassan, Ga-Won Lee, Eui Nam Huh, A Survey on Virtualization of Wireless Sensor Networks, Sensors, Vol.12, No.2, pp , 2012 [14] Hsien-Tang Lin, Implementing Smart Homes with Open Source Solutions, International Journal of Smart Home, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp ,
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