Measuring the Global Routing Table
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1 Measuring the Global Routing Table by Alexander Afanasyev, Brent Longstaff, Neil Tilley UCLA CS27B Term Project Presentation June 2, 2009 Presented by Lixia Zhang at IEPG meeting 7/27/09
2 Outline Data sources Announcements, allocations, IP space usage Routing table growth factors Prefix length Longevity of announcements Fragmentation Routing table stability Conclusion
3 Source for IP allocation history Regional Internet Registries (RIRs)
4 Source for BGP announcement history BGP monitors Two BGP monitor projects Route Views of U Oregon Routing Information Service (RIS) of RIPE NCC BGP data collected throughout the world Currently 24 collecting points Monitors in US,, Japan, Russia, and Brazil
5 BGP source data Various BGP monitors RouteView RIPE Amsterdam RouteViews RIPE Oregon RIPE Tokio RIPE London RIPE Moscow For most sources source data is consistent; later results on announcements are based on RV Oregon data /Jan 2004/Jan 2005/Jan 2006/Jan 2007/Jan 2008/Jan 2009/Jan 200/Ja Date
6 BGP announced prefixes versus IP allocated prefixes (BGP vs RIRs) BGP Announcements IP Assignments and Allocations Number of BGP entries versus number of allocated blocks /Jan 2004/Jan 2005/Jan 2006/Jan 2007/Jan 2008/Jan 2009/Jan 200/Jan # of IP allocations increased.8 times Date # of BGP entries increased 2.4 times
7 Distribution of BGP announced prefixes in 2003 e+06 0 America Asia Pacific
8 Distribution of BGP announced prefixes e e+06 e e+06 0 e+06 0 e General trend - substantial growth of # announced prefixes globally
9 Distribution of BGP announced prefixes 2003 Exp scale 5k 6.3K 340 prefixes 8 0
10 Distribution of BGP announced prefixes May 2009 Exp scale 5k 6.3K 340 prefixes 8 0
11 Allocated vs announced IP space. BGP table doesn t cover all allocated IP space 2. There are globally unused IPs
12 Distribution of announced IP space in 2003 e+0 e+08 e America Asia Pacific
13 Distribution of announced IP space e+0 e e+0 e+0 e+08 e+08 e+06 e+06 e e+0 e+08 e+0 e+08 e+0 e+08 e+06 e+06 e General trend - growth of used IP space globally
14 Distribution of announced IP space 2003 Exp scale.7b 6m 0k 84 # of addresses 0
15 Distribution of announced IP space May 2009 Exp scale.7b 6m 0k 84 # of addresses 0
16 Distribution of prefix lengths IP allocations Allocated prefix distribution Prefix length Most of IP allocations are /24 blocks Big number of allocations of /6, /9 and /20 blocks 2009 May 2009
17 Distribution of prefix lengths BGP announcements BGP announced prefix distribution x growth in 6 years Prefix length May 2009 Most of BGP entries are /24 blocks - 50% /6, /9, /20, /2, /22 and /23 - the rest of 50%
18 Some definitions IP allocations BGP table entries Matched Aggregated Fragmented
19 Impact of the fragmentation on the BGP routing table size Matched Fragmented Aggregated Correlation between IP allocations and BGP routing table # of fragmented 5 times as many as # of matching /Jan 2004/Jan 2005/Jan 2006/Jan 2007/Jan 2008/Jan 2009/Jan 200/Ja Time BGP aggregation of allocated blocks is very rare ( prefixes)
20 Another bunch of definitions Covering prefixes -level covered prefixes 2-level covered prefix
21 Duplication in BGP routing table Unique, Covered and Covering prefixes Covered / covering / matching prefix dynamics Unique 2+ Level Covered -Level Covered Covering level covered Unique Recently we see a growth of 2+ level covered prefixes level covered Covering /Jan 2004/Jan 2005/Jan 2006/Jan 2007/Jan 2008/Jan 2009/Jan 200/Jan Time Unique Covering Covered
22 Longevity of BGP announcements Many prefixes appear for very short time spans How long prefixes have been seen in BGP announcements A big part of the BGP routing table doesn t change at all Number of Prefixes Ages, weeks >350
23 IP allocation changes geography Exp scale 3.0k
24 IP allocation changes geography Exp scale 3.5k
25 Conclusions BGP table has more than doubled in 6 years The BGP table growth outstrips IP allocation rate Every industrialized nation is participating in BGP table growth Multihoming and traffic engineering techniques introduce redundancy in BGP table (58% in 2009) BGP table content is highly dynamic
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