Pitfalls for ISP-friendly P2P design. Michael Piatek*, Harsha V. Madhyastha, John P. John*, Arvind Krishnamurthy*, Thomas Anderson* *UW, UCSD

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1 Pitfalls for ISP-friendly P2P design Michael Piatek*, Harsha V. Madhyastha, John P. John*, Arvind Krishnamurthy*, Thomas Anderson* *UW, UCSD

2 P2P & ISPs P2P systems: Large volume of traffic (20 80% of total) Random and globally diverse traffic pattern ISPs: Costs scale with usage But, consumers charged flat-rate pricing Rate-limit (or block) problem protocols Outcome: arms-race between users and providers 2

3 A simple solution? Whenever possible, prefer local transfers Two proposals: (SIGCOMM 08) Ono: Clients piggy-back on CDNs to infer locality P4P: ISPs advertise path preferences directly Key claim: locality-aware distribution is win-win Faster downloads for users Less interdomain traffic for ISPs 3

4 Our position While significant locality exists in the workload, a win-win outcome is unlikely in practice Three pitfalls for ISP-friendly P2P design: 1. Limited impact 2. Reduced performance and robustness 3. Conflicting interests between ISPs 4

5 Potential for reduction We collect a trace of swarm membership and measure AS-paths between peers Interdomain traffic reduced by: 51% With... Most popular swarms Long-lived peers AS-path information and optimal matching 5

6 Potential for reduction We collect a trace of swarm membership and measure AS-paths between peers Interdomain traffic reduced by: 44% With... Typical swarms Long-lived peers AS-path information and optimal matching 6

7 Potential for reduction We collect a trace of swarm membership and measure AS-paths between peers Interdomain traffic reduced by: With... Typical swarms Typical lifetimes 27% AS-path information and optimal matching 7

8 Evaluation in the wild Distribution efficiency for 32 popular swarms 8

9 Evaluation in the wild Median value: 4 AS transitions Distribution efficiency for 32 popular swarms 8

10 Evaluation in the wild Ono does not provide a significant end-to-end benefit 9

11 Evaluation in the wild A modest reduction is achievable with path information 10

12 Evaluation in the wild Shortest AS-path matching reduces interdomain traffic by a median 15% But short of the 27% suggested by our trace replay 10

13 Performance Goal: remain performance neutral Challenge: fast but distant or slow but local? For the largest swarms in our trace, prioritizing locality degrades performance for 80% of users Most peers come from US, while most capacity comes from high bandwidth European/Asian ISPs 11

14 Additional pitfalls Reduced structural robustness When does this impact performance? Strategic ISPs can subvert locality mechanisms Will ISPs adopt such behavior? 12

15 Structural robustness Local clustering changes overlay structure, potentially creating bottlenecks North America Europe Locality-aware matching Random matching North America Europe Quantifying robustness: fraction of edge removals required to disconnect half of nodes 13

16 Robustness Optimizing for locality reduces structural robustness 14

17 Robustness Worst random topology more robust than 32% of locally clustered topologies Optimizing for locality reduces structural robustness 14

18 Robustness Less popular swarms with limited choice Popular swarms with significant locality Optimizing for locality reduces structural robustness 15

19 Conflicting interests Typical assumption: ISPs will cooperate to reduce interdomain traffic P2P traffic increases costs for some ISPs, but revenue for others What if an ISP acts strategically? Prefer in order: customers, peers, then providers 16

20 Strategic behavior Provider Internet Customer 17

21 Strategic behavior Provider Internet Internet Customer Manipulating paths to induce revenue 18

22 Strategic behavior 51% Shortest AS path 16% Strategic matching Traffic reduction 19

23 Summary The tussle between users and ISPs over P2P is likely to continue Client-only solutions don t solve the problem in BitTorrent Optimizing for locality in isolation degrades performance and robustness Conflicting interests among ISPs preclude cooperation and encourage strategic behavior 20

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