G-WiN the Gbit/s Infrastructure for the German Scientific Community
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1 G-WiN the Gbit/s Infrastructure for the German Scientific Community Gertraud Hoffmann: DFN-Verein, Anhalter Straße 1, Berlin, Germany Abstract The paper describes reasons for a new Gbit/s-Network as there are growing quantitative and qualitative demands caused by increasing traffic and by new innovative applications. Based on traffic measurements forecasts for a new network were made. The G-WiN backbone platform will be based on SDH/DWDM technology. The G-WiN will offer the following services: IP (PoS) ( in the first phase best effort, later DiffServ/QoS services additionally), Point-to-Point connections, ATM services (flexible bandwidth and QoS provision). The G-WiN architecture will be discussed including the IP topology on top of SDH/DWDM switchable in a flexible way according to changing traffic flows. Then the G-WiN characteristics, the number of high speed access ports etc. will be shown. The G-WiN operation will start in June The status of the network installation will be presented. Keywords: Gbit/s network; SDH/WDM technology; IP; technical implementation. 1. Introduction The German national scientific networking association, DFN, started to provide a Gigabit network G-WiN in June The main topic of the paper is to describe the basic concepts, technical structure and services, the characteristical facilities, status and future extension plans of the implementation of a Gbit/s network G-WiN for the DFN community. Before describing these new network facilities, some information on the status of the current network B-WiN as available to the DFN community for four years, and on activities during the network planning and preparation phase will be given. The current network B-WiN is based on ATM technology. The IP services are provided on top of the ATM platform. Access capacities that have so far been provided by DFN range from 128 kbit/s up to 155 Mbit/s. In November 1999 about 600 sites were connected to the B- WiN sharing about 100 access lines of 34 Mbit/s or 155 Mbit/s capacity, respectively. The international connectivity consists of 622 Mbit/s (4 times 155 Mbit/s) to US internets, 155 Mbit/s to TEN-155 as well as small connections to Russia and China. In 1998/1999 two regional Gbit/s infrastructures, so called Gigabit Testbeds were implemented in order to test and run new applications requiring high bandwidth in preparation of the new Gigabit network. 1/8
2 2. Planning the new Network 2.1 Reasons for a Gbit/s network Setting up a Gbit/s network for the DFN-member institutions is essential. The exponential growing transfer volume indicates the need for a Gigabit network as a transfer platform for the DFN (Deutsches Forschungsnetz). New innovative applications like multi-media require higher throughput and more fastidious communication profiles, especially higher peak rates. In the framework of network design the following investigations were done in order to define demands on the network: Qualitative demands: - Analysis of traffic characteristics in the Mbit/s network B-WiN: - Investigation on traffic relations (quantitative) among users, cumulated in G- WiN backbone nodes, which locations are calculated by minimising the network expenses (traffic matrix), - Yearly increase in traffic volume shows the factor of Definition of demands of new applications on throughput and needed peak rates. A survey on types of innovative applications, there produced load, peak bandwidth per connection and of the of the resulting traffic volume of the network is given in [1]. Measurements of traffic characteristics showed a multi-media factor of 3 to 5 on monthly average. This factor describes the necessary need of peak rates to run multi media applications without problems caused by the network or the access line, respectively. For planning of the G-WiN capacities a multi mediea factor of about 4 was assumed. This means for example that the fourfold amount of the expected monthly average throughput of an access line was planned for the access capacity. - Forecast with regard to transfer volume by estimation of usage of new applications (number of users and frequency of use), and by taking the exponential increase in transfer volume of presently used applications into account. By this method of forecast we found a demand on average backbone throughput of about three Gbit/s of the new network during peak hour at the start-up phase. Qualitative demands: The investigations on qualitative demands of applications showed that there needs of flexible bandwidth assignment and also of CoS/QoS (Class of Services/Quality of Services) requirements partially. Changes on the bandwidth market caused by deregulations as well as by new emerging technologies as employment of DWDM (Dense Wave Divission Multiplexing) are resulting in decreasing of bandwidth prices. This fact made us hopefull that a Gigabit network could be possible financially. 2.2 Technology requirements According to the developments on the market concerning the DWDM technology enabling the multiplication of the transfer capacity per fiber the decission on a SDH/WDM backbone platform was made. On top of this platform there will be realized: - IP network (with Packet over SDH at level 2), - Point-to-Point connections for flexible bandwidth provission for customers, 2/8
3 - ATM network for flexible bandwidth and QoS provission. Especially it was difficult to decide which platform of the IP network should be taken because we had experience in running the IP service on top of ATM in the B-WiN. The decision for IP over SDH was resulting of the following facts: - the router manufacturers did not have strategic products for ATM interface boards >155Mbit/s and - caused by the decreasing cost of bandwidth ATM as a tool for bandwidth management is not longer important. Within the backbone flexible shifts of bandwidth must be possible according to changing user demands as well as to the requirement of modification of the network topology. Furthermore the SDH/WDM backbone has to meet the increasing traffic transfer needs in the next five years. 3. Procurement In the second half of 1999 an European Tendering for network components was done with Deutsche Telekom/DeTeSystem AG as the winner of the SDH/WDM service of the G-WiN backbone. For the access lines there are miscellaneos winners. The G-WiN router tendering was made for Cisco routers only because of a Cisco donation as well as of the taking over of the Cisco routers used in the B-WiN. Routers of different manufacturers should not be employed by reasons of network management. The more detailed features of the basket for network moduls will be discussed in the capture of network implementation. The winner of the call for tender of the transatlantic connectivity is Deutsche Telekom/DeTeSystem AG too. 4. G-WiN architecture The structure of the G-WiN is shown in Fig. 1. The SDH/WDM backbone nodes consist of SDH and WDM devices as well as the G-WiN Cisco routers and ATM switches. Both the IP and the ATM network are realized on top of the SDH/WDM layer. Customer routers or customer ATM switches located at the customer premises are connected by access lines to the backbone nodes. G-WIN Backbone Customer Router / ATM-Switch Backbone Node (29) Fig. 1: G-WiN architecture 3/8
4 5. G-WiN services The G-WiN will provide for the following services [2]: - Internet service with access capacities from 128 kbit/s, 2 Mbit/s, 34 Mbit/s, 155 Mbit/s, 622 Mbit/s up to 2,4 Gbit/s, - Point-to Point service with access capacities of 2 Mbit/s and 34 Mbit/s, - ATM service with access capacities of 2 Mbit/s and 34 Mbit/s (155 Mbit/s in special cases). In the first phase the G-WiN Internet service will be a best effort service. But there are urgent needs of Class of Service (CoS)/Quality of Service (QoS) facilities for a lot of applications. Therefore the definition of such services and organisational concepts for implementation and running must be worked out in the next time. 6. Realisation of the network 6.1 Overview The SDH/WDM backbone consists of 29 nodes mostly located at university premises. The nodes comprise SDH multiplexors and WDM ADMs (Add Drop Multiplexors) as well as IP routers and ATM switches partially. In Fig. 2 the G-WiN backbone topology is shown. In the following the technical implementations of the G-WiN services will be described. Kernnetzstandort Level1 Kernnetzstandort Level 2 STM1-Verbindung STM4c-Verbindung Kiel Hamburg Rostock Essen Oldenburg Braunschweig Berlin Bielefeld Hannover Magdeburg Göttingen St. Augustin Aachen Köln Kaiserslauter n Marburg Karlsruhe Frankfurt Darmstadt Heidelber g Ilmenau Würzburg Erlangen Nürnberg Leipzig Dresden Regensburg Stuttgart Augsburg Garching München Freiburg Fig. 2: G-WiN backbone start topology of the DFNInternet Service 4/8
5 6.2 IP service DFNInternet The configuration of the IP network consists of 29 router nodes connecting the customer routers by access lines with capacities of 128 Kbit/s up to 2.4 Gbit/s. The IP network architecture of the 29 nodes is realised as a two level hierarchy (s. Fig. 2). The 10 level 1 nodes comprising central G-WiN routers and routers with access functionality; the remaining nodes consist of level 2 routers with access functionallity only. Level 2 routers send and receive the traffic through SDH connections to their assigned level 1 router. Level 1 routers are mashed by WDM connections to realise the IP level 1 network. More detailled information are given in [3]. The results of investigation on forecast of customer access ports from 2Mbit/s up to 2.4 Gbit/s are included in the table of Fig. 3. That means that seven 622 Mbit/s customer ports for access to Internet services are needed at start-up of the G-WiN. From 2001 onwards 2.4 Gbit/s customer access ports will be necessary. Capacity 9/1999 9/2000 9/2001 9/2002 9/ Mbit/s Mbit/s Mbit/s Mbit/s ,4 Gbit/s Fig. 3: Forecast number of customer access ports for Internet services The topology of the IP network must be configurable flexibly according to changing of the traffic flows. This flexibility will be guarantied by an amount of SDH/WDM connections available to DFN planning group. The maximal number of available connections between G- WiN routers contracted between DFN-Verein and Deutsche Telekom/DeTeSystem is shown in Fig. 4. By means of measurements of the traffic relations (IP accounting) as traffic matrix an optimal topology of the IP network can be computed by optimisation methods and can be configured. Capacity STM-1, 155 Mbit/s STM-4c, 622 Mbit/s STM-16c, 2,4 Gbit/s STM-64c, 10 Gbit/s Fig. 4: Maximal number of SDH/WDM connections within the G-WiN backbone 6.3 Point-to-Point service The Point-to-Point service DFNConnect provides for 2 Mbit/s and 34 Mbit/s connections between customer devices through the G-WiN backbone. The realisation is done by multiplexing the access line or by an additional access line,respectively, to the next SDH backbone node which is switching the connection through the G-WiN backbone. In special cases 155 Mbit/s connections are possible. The connections can be switched within one hour 5/8
6 after ordering. A maximal number of 60 simultanious Point-to-Point connections are contracted. 6.4 ATM service The ATM service DFNATM will be realised by a Virtual Privat Network (VPN) based on the T-Net ATM platform of Deutsche Telekom. The access to this service will be realised by multiplexing of the customer G-WiN access line or by special acces lines, respectively. PVC and SVC services of the traffic classes CBR, VBR and UBR in accordance with the stansards UNI 3.1 and UNI 4.0 will be offered. The functionallity of the DFNATM service will be mostly identical to the T-Net ATM service. 6.5 Operation of services The SDH/WDM and ATM services are provided by Deutsche Telekom. The IP network will be operated by DFN-Verein. DFN-Verein will have read only access to the Deutsche Telekom management system to supervise the guaranteed service quality parameters of the SDH/WDM services as well as to get information necessary for provision of the IP services DFNInternet on top of the SDH/WDM layer. 6.6 National and international Connectivity With starting operation of the G-WiN interconnection to the B-WiN is realised via about 10 Gateways at the backbone node location in order to provide an IP connectivity. ATM connectivity to T-Net-ATM of Deutsche Telekom will be provided too. ATM connectivity going beyond Germany will be realised according to appropriate demands. The connection to the European TEN-155 will be increased from 155 Mbit/s to 2 * 155 Mbit/s according to the transfer demands. In 2001 probably in the framework of Geant project an European Gbit/s network will exist to which the G-WiN will be connected with 622 Mbit/s atleast. The current capacity of 4*155 Mbit/s of the US connection will be increased to 2*622Mbit/s for the G-WiN in June Tarifs The rates for the DFN services DFNInternet, DFNATM and DFNConnect were decided on principle of cost sharing and of rates independend of the customer locations. The rates are dependend both on the access capacity and the monthly average throughput. The tarifs are published at 8. Start of operation The G-WiN will start its operation in June First backbone node with some connected customers was running during the Cebit Hannover Fair for presentation of new applications with high bandwidth requirements. By the beginning of June the level 1 SDH/WDM G-WiN 6/8
7 backbone as well as the level 1 router network with connected customers will form the G- WiN start configuration. At this time the increased capacities for international connectivity will be available. Afterwards the remaining network nodes will be installed to switch over all B-WiN customers to the G-WiN. At least by the end of 2000 all B-WiN customers are to be switched over to the G-WiN. 9. Outlook The signature under the G-WiN contract with DeTeSystem/Deutsche Telekom AG in October 1999 and the planned fast implementation of the start confguration form the basis for putting the G-WiN into operation in June The G-WiN will be implemented by the latest available SDH/WDM technology and will provide an appropriate platform for traffic growth and for new applications. By means of the G-WiN the German scientific community has a Gigabit communication infrastructure at their disposal that comes up to the technical international state-of-the-art. Acknowledgments I would like to thank all the people who worked in planning and design of the G-WiN as well as have participated in measurements and making available statistics on B-WiN traffic needed for design of the G-WiN. APPENDIX.Technical abbrevations ATM CBR CoS PDH PoS PVC QoS SDH SVC UNI VBR DWDM Asynchronous Transfer Mode Constant Bit Rate Class of Service Plesiosynchron Digital Hierarchy Packet over Sonet/SDH Permanent Virtual Connection Quality of Service Synchron Digital Hierarchy Switched Virtual Connection User to Network Interface (ATM-Forum) Variable Bit Rate Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing References [1] Eike Jessen, The DFN Gigabitwissenschaftsnetz G-WiN, Workshop on Wide Area Networks and High Performance Computing, Springer-Verlag London Berlin Heidelberg 1999 [2] Gertraud Hoffmann, G-WiN, Dienste im Gigabit-Wissenschaftsnetz, DFN Mitteilungen Heft 52, Februar [3] Gertraud Hoffmann, Das Gigabit-Wissenschaftsnetz des DFN-Vereins, will be published at present in an Austrian technical yournal. Reference will be submitted later. 7/8
8 Vitae Gertraud Hoffmann is member of the G-WiN network planning group of the DFN-Verein (Deutsches Forschungsnetz). She is responsible for the technical design and implementation of the G-WiN. Furthermore she deals with supervising DFN research projects in the field of network technologies as well as in optimisation of network design. She received her diploma in High Energy Physics from the Humboldt-Unversity Berlin in In 1973 she obtained her Ph. D. in Computer Science. Since 1990 she has been involved in evolution of the WiN as a member of the technical staff of the DFN-Verein. During the period of setting-up and piloting the EuropaNet she was participating in this group as the representative of the DFN- Verein. Before 1990 she has worked in the field of network architecture and design as well as network implementation at the Academy of Sciences of the former GDR (East Germany). 8/8
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