Building the Storage Internet. Dispersed Storage Overview March 2008

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1 Building the Storage Internet Dispersed Storage Overview March 2008

2 Project Overview An Open Source Project with Commercial Backing Dispersed Storage an Open Source Project Hosted at Includes the complete protocol and algorithms Incorporates and/or enhances additional open source software Bouncy Castle Cryptography JSAP Java Simple Argument Parser Bzip2 Data Compressor Apache Commons Logging, Statistics, basic Internet protocols JUnit Testing Framework Log4j Logging Utility MINA -- Network Application Framework SLF4J Simple Logging Façade for Java SVNKit Java Subversion library Wrapper Java Service Wrapper ws-commons Webservices Common Utilities jscsi iscsi Initiator Commercial Support Product Vendors: Cleversafe Resellers: 5 Certified Resellers, to be announced Service Providers: 6 Active Dispersed Storage Providers, to be announced Mission: Create and Establish a standard to store and distribute the world s data 2

3 Data Storage Growth Traditional Data Additional, New Data + Documents Character & numerical databases Images 500KB per picture Audio 5,000 KB per song Video 5,000,000 KB per movie Huge Growth in Data Storage driven by Digital Content 3

4 Current High Availability Scenario Location 1 The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy brown dog A1 A2 A3 Parity RAID3 Controller Internet Connection Internet Connection The quick brown fox Location 3 jumps over the lazy brown dog Location 2 A1 A2 A3 Parity The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy brown dog RAID3 Controller A1 A2 A3 RAID3 Controller Parity Internet Connection 300% Disk Storage Overhead + Tape Backup -Total bytes stored = 4x usable capacity 200% Bandwidth Overhead -Each node supports full operational requirement -Total bandwidth required = 3x operational requirement Higher Cost - More Power - More Management - More Space - More Equipment More Security Risks 4

5 Digital Data Storage - An Antiquated Approach Currently Data Storage = Data Copies Not Secure 200 major announced security breaches since 2004 Not Private Data copies are data copies Not Long Term Tied to hardware which doesn t last over 5 years More Reliable = More Cost Additional copies, synchronization traffic, high cost hardware Not Scalable Performance and management degrades as scale increases 5

6 Information Dispersal Information Dispersal Algorithms (IDAs) have traditionally been used to store extremely sensitive data elements, like cryptographic keys and weapon launch codes Inherently secure Inherently private Inherently reliable Inherently long term With the emergence of Broadband, IDA s can be used to store the world s data. 6

7 How Information Dispersal Works 36 example characters = 36 total Bytes Information Dispersal Algorithms - Quick Mathematical Transformation 16 example slices = 58 total Bytes This Slicing example has a 60% Storage Overhead - Total bytes stored = 1.6X usable capacity Slices are to data storage what packets are to data communications. - Provide inherently reliable, private, secure and long-term storage 7

8 dsnet Components Slicestor: Slice Server 3 TB Raw storage per 1U slice server 30 TB usable storage with 16/10 IDA config Unlimited vaults (similar to LUNs) per dsnet Can be deployed in single rack or geographically distributed around the world Accesser: Slice Router Disperses and retrieves data to/from slice servers iscsi or Block interfaces Ideal for digital content loading Can deploy in redundant configurations dsnet Client Software Disperses and retrieves data to/from slice servers Approximately 3 MB of Java code Ideal for content distribution 8

9 Data Storage with Information Dispersal data data Client data Client Accessor Client dsnet Software Client Slicestors dsnet Width = 16, Threshold = 12 Storage Overhead 15-60% Bandwidth Needed 15-60% Max. Delivery 16 at once Delivery choices thousands TCS = Total Content Size 9

10 Data Retrieval with Information Dispersal Data delivered via thousands of choices Storage Overhead 15-60% Bandwidth Overhead 15-60% Max. Delivery 16 at once Delivery choices thousands Slicestors Accessor data Client dsnet Width = 16, Threshold = 12 data data Client Client dsnet Software Clients 10

11 Dispersal versus Replication Dispersal Width Threshold Nines of Reliability Storage Overhead Bandwidth Overhead Access Choices Slice Storage Source data size Storage Overhead size % 100% % 33% >16 60% 60% % 33% >16 >16 33% 14% 33% 14% 11 million 214 million Typical Configurations Replication Copies Parity Nines of Reliability Storage Overhead Bandwidth Overhead Access Choices Copies + Parity Storage Source data size Storage Overhead size 2 No 5 100% 100% 2 Copy Copy 2 Yes % 100% 2 Copy Copy Parity Parity 3 No 7 200% 200% 3 Copy Copy Copy 3 Yes >16 300% 200% 3 Copy Copy Copy Parity Parity Parity 11

12 Performance Time to Read / Write a 1GB file Write - Local dsnet Write - Local Network Server Write - Local Hard Drive Read - Local dsnet Read - Local Network Server Read - Local Hard Drive Seconds dsnet Speed is equivalent to the speed of a local hard drive. 12

13 dsnet Standard Interfaces dsnet Looks and Acts like a hard drive via Standard iscsi interface -Works in Windows, Linux, Mac, Solaris, etc. - Works with any application Multiple Standard dsnet Interfaces: -iscsi, Block, NFS,CIFS/SMB,FTP, Object, etc. Lightweight dsnet Java client also enables embedded devices to access a dsnet: - Media players, phones, set top box, security cameras, sensors, etc. 13

14 30 Terabyte Example Configuration 16 Wide dsnet with a Threshold of 10 Location 1 Location 2 16 Slicestors - In 1 to 16 locations Location 4 Location 6 Location Mbps Internet Connections - 2 per Slicestor Location 3 Location 5 Location 8 Storage Capacity Failure Tolerance Throughput Capacity Storage Cost Bandwidth Cost 48 Total / 30 Usable Terabytes Up to 6 simultaneous node failures 200 Mbps with 6 node failures 16 x 1U Storage Servers 32 x 10 Mbps Internet Connections 60% Storage Overhead -Total bytes stored = 1.6x usable capacity 60% Bandwidth Overhead -Total bandwidth required = 1.6x operational requirement 14

15 Replication versus Dispersal - 30 TB example Storage Capacity Failure Tolerance Throughput Storage Cost Bandwidth Cost * Replication 120 Total / 30 Usable Terabytes Up to 2 simultaneous node failures 200 Mbps with 2 node failures 42 x 1U Storage Servers 84 x 10 Mbps Internet Connections Dispersal 48 Total / 30 Usable Terabytes Up to 6 simultaneous node failures 200 Mbps with 6 node failures 16 x 1U Storage Servers 32 x 10 Mbps Internet Connections 300% Storage Overhead 200% Bandwidth Overhead 60% Storage Overhead 60% Bandwidth Overhead Location 1 Location 1 Location 3 Location 2 Location 4 Location 6 Location 7 Location 2 Location 3 Location 5 Location 8 * 2 x 10 Mbps Internet Connection per 1U Storage Server 15

16 Replication versus Dispersal - 30 TB example 1/3 of the raw capacity delivers the same usable storage Replication: Total Raw Storage = 117 TB 9 TB 9 TB 30 TB Usable Parity 30 TB Replicated Parity 30 TB Replicated 9 TB Parity Dispersal: Total Raw Storage = 48 TB 30 TB Usable 48 TB Raw Capacity ~2/5 of the raw the of servers delivers the same reliability Replication: Total Servers = 39 Dispersal: Total Servers = 16 16

17 Deployment Options Internal dsnets Hosted dsnets The Storage Internet TM Organizations build and operate private dsnets for their own internal use Hosting companies and ISPs provide and operate dedicated dsnets for their customers Dispersed Storage Providers ( DSPs ) provide Dispersed Storage service on an interconnected dsnet 17

18 Benefits Limitless Storage Scalability Without Limits Grid-based architecture with no centralized servers and access processing distributed to clients allows unlimited scalability Data occupies less bits on a dsnet than on traditional storage solutions allowing storage systems to scale without significant overhead Security/Reliability Without Limits No full copy of the data exists on a single server which is inherently secure and private Tolerates multiple failures of hardware, storage locations or administrators while maintaining access data as long as a threshold exists Longevity Without Limits Rebuilding and integrity agents refresh data on new hardware without disruption allowing data to exist for extended periods of time Cleversafe storage is fault-tolerant resulting in seamless access to data even when servers are unavailable Cost-Effectiveness Without Limits Reduces storage and bandwidth expansion Utilizes cost-effective commodity storage hardware 18

19 Getting Dispersed Storage Open Source Project Commercial Offerings Open Source Software - Full software protocol - Dispersed Storage client and server software Commercial Products - Software and Hardware to build Dispersed Storage grids Commercial Storage Services -Dispersed Storage Providers ( DSPs ) will offer dispersed storage services 19

20 Open Source versus Commercial Commercial Cleversafe Dispersed Storage Commercial Operations Heavy influence on and contribution to standards efforts Services - Training - Certification - Support Additional Capabilities - Management - Reporting Products - Integrated hw/sw Appliances - Customized OS - Additional hardware features - Performance Interoperability Protocols - Standards - Open Source software Internet Equipment Providers Commercial Operations Heavy influence on and contribution to standards efforts Open Source 20

21 Partner Opportunities Technology Providers Participate in the open source project at Develop new products and technologies using Dispersed Storage Resellers / Distributors / Integrators Develop and deploy Dispersed Storage solutions 21

22 Thank You

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