Performance of Static Networks for Power Saving Mode

Transcription

1 Performance of Static Networks for Power Saving Mode B. Rama Devi Department of E.C.E., Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science, Warangal, Telangana, INDIA Prof. M. Asha Rani Department of E.C.E., Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA. Prof. K. Kishan Rao Department of E.C.E., Vaagdevi College of Engineering, Warangal, Telangana, INDIA Abstract Nodes in Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) are limited by battery Power and life time of the network can be improved by using energy efficient techniques. IEEE defines Power Saving Mechanism and has two different power states: awake and doze. Power Saving Mechanism is one of the energy efficient technique which improves network life. The main goal of this paper is to investigate the performance of Grid and Random topology of static network under Power Saving (PS) mode. In this paper the performance of static nodes using Bellman Ford algorithm for multi-hop network was investigated. Various performance metrics of the static network were investigated with and without PS mode for both the grid and random topologies. Index Terms Bellman Ford algorithm, Power Saving Mechanism, MANET. I. INTRODUCTION Two different operational modes are defined in IEEE : the infrastructure network (BSS: Basic Service Set) and the Ad- Hoc network (called Independent Basic Service Set IBSS). For both networks Power Saving Mechanism (PSM) has two different power states: awake and doze. Table.1 describes IEEE Power Management modes. Mode Active mode (AM) Power Mode TABLE I POWER MANAGEMENT MODES IN IEEE Saving(PS) Description In Active mode, the station is permanently in the awake state. In PS mode, the station can be either in the awake state or in the doze state. In this paper, the performance of static network using Bellman Ford algorithm without and with Power saving mode using Grid and random topologies were investigated. Various performance metrics like total packets received, average endto-end delay, energy consumption in Idle mode, residual battery capacity for static networks were compared using both Grid and Random topologies. The simulation results show that PS mode is energy efficient over non PS mode and best suited for static networks. The paper is organized as follows: In Section II, we describe power management in IEEE IBSS and Section III describe various Node placement techniques. Section IV describe the scenario used and simulation results are analyzed in Section V. Finally, Section VI draws some conclusions. II. POWER MANAGEMENT IN IEEE IBSS Power management in IEEE IBSS: According to PSM, time is divided into specific periods called beacon intervals as shown in Fig.1. All the nodes in the PSM must be awake at the beginning of each beacon interval and shall listen for ad hoc ATIM announcement sent in an ATIM Window. Station needs to remain awake during the ATIM window to maintain correct information on the power save state of other stations in an IBSS and to send and receive synchronization messages and announcements of buffered data frames. The presence of the ATIM window in the IBSS indicates if the station may use PS Mode. At other times the station may enter into sleep state. III. NODE PLACEMENT TECHNIQUES Network topology, routing, end to end delay, transmission range, network life time is affected by the node deployment method. Various Power Saving Power saving protocols for multihop adhoc network and traffic aware power saving protocol for multi-hop MANETs was investigated [1,2]. Power Saving Routing Protocol for Ad hoc Networks was investigated in [3].Various node placement techniques were discussed in [4]. Performance analysis of different protocols using grid topology with variable network size was investigated [5]

2 (a) Grid Fig.1 Power management in IEEE IBSS Nodes placement can be divided into three major categories. 1) Deterministic or Controlled Placement: In this nodes are placed on exact, pre- defined points on a grid or in specific parts of the grid. The node placement is depends on the type of nodes, environment type and on the applications like Indoor Surveillance Systems or Building Monitoring etc. Example: Grid. In Grid Placement Model Nodes are placed in a square grid format and node placement stars at (0, 0). Nodes are placed strictly on the lines of a grid and each node is one unit grid away from its neighbor nodes as shown in Fig. 2(a). The number of nodes specified for the simulation has to be a square of an integer (i.e. 4, 9, 16, 25). (b) Biased Random (c) Simple Diffusion 784

3 in the following manner. Two different topologies were considered i. GRID Deployment ii. Random Deployment Under each topology the experiment with fixed network and Mobile Adhoc network (MANET) was tested with and without power saving mode to analyze the energy efficiency of the network using Bellman Ford algorithm. BER Reception model was considered in all the test cases which is basis for Cooperative Routing. Finally for all the test cases the results were summarized and plotted the graphs. Screen shots with different node densities for Grid and Random topologies was shown in Fig (d) Random Placement Fig.2 Node Placement Techniques 2) Semi-deterministic node placement In this individual nodes are placed in a non- deterministic way on the grid (e.g random), the areas where nodes are going to be spread are deterministic. In a microscopic way the placement of nodes is non- deterministic while in a macroscopic way the placement is deterministic. Example: Biased Random In Biased-Random Topology nodes are spread randomly at predetermined quadrants, where the source and sink are located as shown in Fig. 2(b). The area around the source and sink is densely deployed, able to handle a bigger amount of the network traffic, while the area between the obstacles (e.g tanks) creates a bottleneck space between them. 3) Non-deterministic (stochastic) node placement Fig.3 Grid Deployment with 15 nodes This node placement emulates the distribution of nodes when they are scattered from air e.g from airplane. : Examples Simple diffusion as in Fig. 2(c) and random placement. Random Placement as shown in Fig. 2(d) is a commonly used topology and nodes are randomly deployed with uniform density within the physical terrain. IV. SCENARIO DESCRIPTION The scenario in 1000sq meters area with different node densities was configured on QualNet Simulator. The simulation parameters are shown in TABLE II. The scenario is analyzed 785

4 Fig.4 Grid Deployment with 45 nodes Fig.6 Random Deployment without mobility 15 nodes Fig.5 Grid Deployment with 60 nodes Fig.7 Random Deployment without mobility 45 nodes 786

5 1) Total Packets Received As can be observed from Fig. 9 for static nodes, at network size of 60, total packets received is approximately constant for different network size and total packets received is more in random topology as compared to grid in without PS mode. For static nodes the total number of packets received in PS Mode with grid topology is good for small network size compared to Random topology and the total number of packets received is reduced as network size increases as shown in Fig.7. 2) Average End to End Delay Fig.8 Random Deployment with 60 nodes TABLE II SIMULATION PARAMETERS Terrain Size 1000x1000 meters Node Density 15,30,45,60 Topologies Considered Grid, Random Placement Mobility Static, Random Mobility Routing Protocol Bellman Ford Energy Configuration General (As in QualNet) Battery Capacity 120mAh Simulation Time 3000 seconds MAC Layer g Speed 2 m/sec Transmit Power 100mW Receive Power 130mW Idle Power 120mW Initial Node Energy (Joules) 6480(Joules),1.2Ahrwith 1.5V battery Radio Range Max. 402m, Min. 217m Data Packet Path loss Coefficient 512bytes 2.3(As per Two RAY MODEL) Radio frequency 2.4GHz ATIM Interval 20 TUs (1TUs = 1024 µs) Beacon Interval 200 TUs Bandwidth 20 MHz As can be observed from Fig.10 that PS mode increases the average end to end delay and increases with network size. Overall end to end delay is more in random topology with PS mode. The average end to end delay is less in static nodes without PS mode compared to PS mode. 3) Energy Consumed in Idle Mode Without PS mode the energy consumed in idle mode is very high when compared to PS mode is times more in static nodes as shown in Fig.11. 4) Residual Battery Capacity Let Node initial Energy=E i, Energy consumed to send data packets =E p, then the amount of Energy spent by node E c can be given by Ec = E i Ep (1) The variation of residual battery capacity with network size for both static and mobile node in PS mode is plotted and compared in Fig. 12. V. RESULTS For static networks the impact of power saving mode in grid and random topologies is analyzed with total packets received, energy consumed in Idle mode, average end to end delay, residual battery capacity respectively. In figures X-axis represents number of nodes

6 Fig. 11 Energy Consumed in Idle mode for Static nodes with and without power saving mode in Grid and Random Topologies Fig. 9 Total packets received for Static nodes with and without power saving mode in Grid and Random Topologies Fig. 12 Residual Battery Capacity for Static nodes with and without power saving mode in Grid and Random Topologies VI. CONCLUSIONS In our simulation, the performance of the static nodes using Bellman Ford algorithm for multihops was investigated. We considered both Grid and Random topologies and evaluated the various performance metrics. The simulation results shows that energy consumption can be reduced by using PS mode and efficient for static networks. Fig. 10 Average end to end delay for Static nodes with and without power saving mode in Grid and Random Topologies REFERENCES [1] Yu-Chee Tseng, Chih-Shun Hsu and Ten-Yueng Hsieh, Power-saving protocols for IEEE based multi-hop ad hoc networks, INFOCOM (2002) [2] Abdelfattah Belghith, Traffic Aware Power Saving Protocol in Multi-hop Mobile Ad-hoc networks J. Networks, Vol. 2, No. 4, 2007 [3] Radha Rani Gupta, Mahendra Ku. Mishra and Manish Shrivastava, Power Saving Routing Protocol for Ad hoc Networks based on AODV, Int. J. of Computer Applications ( ),Vol. 85, No 19, January [4] Charalambos Sergiou and Vasos Vassiliou, Energy Utilization of HTAP under Specific Node Placements in Wireless Sensor Networks, IEEE Wireless Conference (EW), pp , [5] Harish Shakywar, Sanjeev Sharma and Santoh Sahu, Performance Analysis of DYMO, LANMAR, STAR Routing Protocols for Grid Placement model with varying Network Size, Int. J. Comp. Tech. Appl.( IJCTA), vol. 2 (6), , NOV-DEC 2011, ISSN:

7 Authors Profile B.Rama Devi is currently Associate Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science, Warangal. She received B.E from Osmania University, Hyderabad (1999). She completed M. Tech (Digital Communication Engineering) from Kakatiya University, Warangal (2007).Currently pursuing Ph. D from JNTU, Hyderabad. Her research interests are in the area of Wireless Communication, Signal Processing for Communications, VLSI Low Power Design. Prof. K. KISHAN RAO is currently a Professor in Electronics and Communication Engineering and working as Director in Viswambhara Educational Society. He received his B.E. and M.E. degrees from Osmania University in 1965 and 1967.He is awarded with Ph.D. degree from Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur [IIT] in 1973.He worked as Principal for National Institute of Technology and Kakathiya Institute of Technology and Science, Warangal. He a senior member of professional bodies like IEEE [comsoc], ISTE, and IETE. He guided 03 Ph.D scholars and guided 62 Master Projects. His research interests are in the areas of Wireless Communications, Signal Processing Applications and Cooperative, Mobile Communications. Dr. M Asha Rani is currently working as a professor in Electronics and Communication Engineering and Co-ordinator of EDC in JNTUH college of, Hyderabad. Ph.D Thesis on "Design of Built in self Test and repair scheme for static RAMs". Published many technical papers in National & International Conferences. Coordinated one TAPTEC project of Rs.6.50 Lakhs in establishing VLSI Lab and one R&D project of Rs. 9.0 Lakhs in designing an ASIP for Image Processing applications sponsored by AICTE, Delhi. She acted as Cocoordinator for SPOORTHI' 04 a student symposium. Coordinated 4 Refresher Courses conducted by Acad. Staff College, JNTU Hyderabad. Attended about 10 workshops on VLSI -EDA Tools, Design for Testability, Altera-Tools, SILVACO tools, National Instruments - Virtual Instruments - Lab view etc. Her research interests are in Digital System Design, Design of Fault Tolerant Systems, Microprocessor & Microcontrollers,VLSI Design & Embedded Systems