High-Speed WUSB Technology Based on WiMedia.
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1 High-Speed WUSB Technology Based on WiMedia KRnet 2006
2 Contents I. MBOA/Wimedia/WUSB II. Wireless USB Specification III. WUSB Development Systems IV. Conclusions KRnet 2006
3 I. MBOA / WiMedia / Wireless USB Certified Wireless USB compliance testing, certification and logo licensing done by USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF) KRnet 2006
4 Protocol Relationships KRnet 2006
5 WUSB Topology Hub-and-Spoke connection relationship Connection model is wire replacement Point-to-point connections Between WUSB host and peripheral WUSB cluster WUSB host and one or more peripherals (up to 127) WUSB cluster may co-exist within an overlapping spatial environment KRnet 2006
6 II. WUSB Specification Introduction Terms, Conventions and References Architecture Overview Data Flow Model Protocol Layer Wireless USB Security Wireless USB Framework Wire Adapter KRnet 2006
7 II-1. Introduction Universal Serial Bus (USB) Ease of use Port expansion USB 2.0 was defined in 2000 to provide a third transfer rate of 480Mb/s UWB supports high bandwidth (480Mb/s) but only at limited range (~3 meters) Wireless USB Specification V1.0, May 2005 KRnet 2006
8 Design Goal Leverage the existing USB infrastructure Preserve the USB model of smart host and simple device Provide effective power management mechanisms Provide security. Wireless USB is designed to provide a comparable amount of security to that which users enjoyed with wired USB Ease of use. This has always been a key design goal for all varieties of USB Investment preservation. WUSB defines a new USB device class. KRnet 2006
9 Two Types of Wire Adapter(WA) HWA DWA KRnet 2006
10 II-2. Wireless USB Data Flow Model WUSB Data Communication Topology
11 WUSB Data Transaction Classic USB 2.0 OUT IN Wireless USB Protocol Layer Micro-Scheduled Management Command (MMC) : Host Info, I/O control structure, time ref. to the next MMC
12 Data Transfer ( ) Burst transfer Control Transfer Each device is required to implement the Default Control Pipe For device initialization and logical device management Bulk Transfer Large amounts of data at highly variable times On a bandwidth available basis Controlled with SetConfiguration, SetInterface, ClearEndpointFeature Interrupt Transfer High reliability method to communicate a small amount of data Isochronous Transfer Constant rate, error tolerant, periodic transfers
13 Managing the WUSB Channel Transaction Group Convergence Layer DRP: Distributed Reservation Protocol : MMC : OutData : InData :Hndsk
14 Physically Wireless USB Connection Topology The host has a radio rage of about 10 meters. Devices within the host s range can establish a secure relationship with the host and become part of the host s Wireless USB Cluster
15 WUSB Channel Control Sequence within a MAC Layer Reservation The channel time between two MMCs may also be idle time, where no MS-CTAs are scheduled. The MS-CTAs within a reservation instance can only be used by the devices that are members of the associated Wireless USB Cluster. 65 ms, 256 MAS 256 us Broadcast Cluster ID
16 USB Time Wired USB Host maintain USB channel time In wired USB, HW has 11-bit SOF frame counter providing millisecond resolution or 1/8 th millisecond resolution Exported to client drivers through USBDI as 32-bit value In wired USB, time values are primarily used for isochronous traffic SOFs (Start Of Frame packets) pass time information to devices Wireless USB hosts also maintain USB channel time 17-bit 1/8 th millisecond counter and 7 bit microsecond counter Still exported to client drivers as 32-bit millisecond value Timer used for isochronous and directed beaconing MMCs used to pass time information
17 Information Exchange : host & devices ( ) Wireless USB DNTS(Device Notification Time Slots) Device to host notification mechanism Signaling connect, remote-awake and other events Broadcast Control Information MMC Acknowledgements to device notifications, general purpose WUSB cluster management Wireless USB Transaction Data communications between the host and function end points
18 WUSB Device Types Wireless USB Device Capabilities on UWB Descriptor Beacon Behavior Data Rate (Bit Map) : 53.3, , 160, 200, 320, 400, 480 Transmit Power Level (Bit Map), UWB Band Group (Bit Map) Self Beaconing Device Devices are full WiMedia MAC aware Identified by DRP IE Directed Beaconing Devices Device are not full WiMedia MAC aware Depend on host to make the good citizens Min. 3 functions : Tx Packet, Count Packets, and Capture Packet Non Beaconing Devices Limited transmit and receive range Fully encompassed by hosts range Not enough detail to be built (yet)
19 Host Responsibilities WiMedia MAC compliant Manage/Maintain the Wireless USB Channel Maintain WiMedia Reservation for WUSB Channel(s) USB Time WUSB Periodic Bandwidth WUSB Data Communications Device Management (addressing,security,enumberation) Endpoint Data Streams (Transfer Pipes) WUSB Power Management
20 II-3. Wireless USB Protocol Packet Layout PHY+MAC WUSB
21 Channel Time Allocation (WCTA_IE)
22 Transaction Group (Slot Durations) Slot time duration are derived from adjacent WxCTA blocks OUTs devices know when they can stop listening INs devices transmit what was requested EOL WxCTA is always required to be present
23 Time Slot Allocations Three types of time slots W DR CTA (Device Receive) W DT CTA (Device Transmit) W DNTS CTA (Device Notification) time slot
24 Three Parts of WUSB All packet transmission during Distributed Reservation Protocol use same stream index value. Every device in the WUSB is assigned a unique Device Address during the enumeration process WUSB packet which originate or terminate on a Device endpoint must include a WUSB Application Header
25 Four Basic Packet Types MMCPacket Broadcast Control packet Not include WUSB Header The most reliable bit transfer rate Protocol Packet Data packet Be transmitted by a Host or a Device during W DR CTA and W DT CTA Must include WUSB Header Supported bit transfer rate Protocol Handshake Packet Data packet (small) Be transmitted by a Device during W DT CTA Must include WUSB Header The most reliable bit transfer rate Device Notification packet Data packet. Slotted Aloha Be transmitted by a Device during W DNTS CTA Must include WUSB Header WCTA_IE WCONNECTAACK_IE WCHCHANGEANNOUNCE_IE WDEV_DISCONNECT_IE WHOST_DISCONNECT_IE WRELEASE_CHANNEL_IE WWORK_IE WCHANNEL_STOP_IE WDEV_KEEPALIVE_IE WISOCH_DISCARD_IE WRESETDEVICE_IE WXMIT_PACKET_ADJUST_IE DN_Connect DN_Disconnect DN_EPRdy DN_MASAvailChanged DN_RemoteWakeup DN_Sleep DN_Alive
26 WUSB Transaction Group( ) Transaction Group MMC plus time till next MMC MMCs are used by a Host to maintain and control the WUSB Channel Device Data & Handshake Phase Time Slots Micro-schedule sequence ( Transaction Group) Basic structure used to implement WUSB protocol
27 Protocol Synchronization *The device (receiver) must begin listening at least a calculated guard time before the point it determines the start of the time slot.
28 II-4. Wireless USB Security WUSB is a Wire Replacement Security s Job: match the security afforded by the wire Connected the owner s stuff the way the owner wants it connected Protected data in-transit
29 Two Aspects of Security Secure transmissions between parties (cryptography) AES-128 CCM Strong algorithm, resistant to analytic and differential attacks Support Message Integrity MBOA Protocol adds Freshness Establish the secure connection in the first place Allow Good parties to connect Prevent Bad parties from connecting
30 Message Format General Connection Model Connection Context Connection Lifetime-Wireless USB temporal keys have a lifetime of 2 48 messages First-Time Connection Connection Reconnection Revocation One-time Connections Diagnostic Support Mutual Authentication 4-Way Handshake
31 Connection Context In order to make secure relationships consistent across multiple connections, some amount of context must be maintained by both device and host. This context consists of three pieces of information a unique host ID a unique device ID a symmetric key Elements of a Connection Context
32 4-Way Handshake The 4-way handshake provides mutual authentication and temporal key distribution into a single 4-message protocol. The host initiates the handshake by sending a key name and a 128 random nonce HNonce to the device. The host initiates Phase 2 of the handshake by asking the device for DNonce. At the end of Phase 2, the host and device have both derived initial session keys and the host has proof that the device holds the correct CK. Phase 3 is used to provide proof to the device that the host also holds the correct CK and to instruct the device to install the derived key. The host initiates Phase 3 by installing the derived session key and constructing a message containing the key name, HNonce, DNonce, and a MIC computed over the previous fields with KCK. Phase 4 of the handshake is used to tell the host that the device has successfully installed the session keys.
33 Encryption Keys PK Association Key - Public Key encryption key-pair Symmetric Association Key - optional key used for establishing new connections Connection Key - the primary key used for establishing connections Session Key - the working keys for USB data encryption Group Key - session key that is shared by all members of the current USB cluster Key Confirmation Key - a short-lived key used for message integrity during authentication. Correct key determination Key Management Session Keys
34 Key Management (Session Keys) Requiring two session keys to operate The first key is the Pairwise-Temporal Key (PTK). Derived during the 4-way handshake and does not change during the life of the connection unless a TrustTimeout occurs on either the host or device. The second key is Group Temporal Key (GTK) that the host uses to protect broadcast traffic. Shared among all devices. Because it is shared, it must be changed whenever a device leaves the current group. The key distribution mechanism provides that the device will be ready to use the new key at the completion of the distribution request.
35 Association and Authentication
36 II-5. Wireless USB Framework Basic Framework USB 2.0 Standard Requests and Descriptors are utilized in WUSB Restrictions on when requests are valid, based on whether the secure connection is in place No requests that modify device information/state are allowed (except for the requires to establish the secure connection) New Requests and descriptors added to support WUSB requirements Extensions done in a way that enables future extensibility
37 WUSB Device State (4 sec) KRnet 2006
38 WUSB Device State
39 Device Requests( ) WUSB WUSB
40 II-6. Wireless USB Wire Adaptor Purpose of Wire Adapter To Provide a USB to Wireless USB bridge Host side Wireless extension To easily convert wired USB devices to wireless Device side wireless extension To build a compliant Wire Adapter device Standard & class-specific descriptors Class-specific requests This chapter is intended to be useful for H/W device vendor F/W engineer S/W driver developer
41 Overall Architecture for HWA & DWA Device Host Device Host HWA DWA USB2.0 WiMedia USB2.0 USB Host WUSB WUSB USB Device WiMedia Request USB Descriptor WUSB Descriptor WUSB Descriptor USB Descriptor TR Data 1 2 Data 3 Data 4 Data *TR: Transfer Request TR Data TR Data Data Data Data Data Data Data 5 Data 6 Data 7 Data 8 Data
42 Wire Adapter Functional Model ( ) MaxRemotePipes = 127 devices * 31 endpoints/device=3937
43 Requests & Descriptors ( ) Common WA class-specific Requests Transfer Request DWA DWA Descriptors HWA DWA Specific Requests HWA Descriptors HWA Specific Request HWA Notification Information Radio Control Descriptors Radio Control Notifications AbortRPipe ClearRPipeFeature ClearWAFeature GetRPipeDescriptor GetRPipeStatus GetWAStatus SetRPipeDescriptor SetRPipeFeature SetWAFeature ResetRPipe Control Transfers Bulk&Interrupt Transfers Transfer Completion Notification Transfer Result Abort Transfer Device Descriptor BOS Descriptor Configuration Descriptor Security Descriptors Interface Association Descriptor Data Transfer Interface Descriptor WA Class Descriptor Notification Endpoint Descriptor.
44 Wire Adapter Device Control ( ) The default endpoint is used to manage the WA Device Categories of requests: Wire Adaptor control Remote Pipe Control and Status Port Control and Status (DWA Only) Association and Security (HWA Only)
45 Host Wire Adaptor Control ( ) Add/Remove Information elements form and MMC Add/Remove MMC IE Set the interval and number of DNTS slots Set Num DNTS slots Setting the device availability info Set Deice Info Time related information Get BPST Time Get WUSB Time
46 HWA Descriptors Host S/W presents
47 HWA Specific Requests Add MMC IE Get BPST Adjustment Get BPST Time Get Port Connect Info Remove MMC IE Set Num DNTS Slots Set Port Connect Ack Set Port Device Info Set Port Encryption Set Port Key Set WUSB Cluster ID Set WUSB Stream Index
48 III. WUSB Development Systems Intel Demonstration on Fall IDF 2004, Japan Multiple HDTV Video Streams 50 Mbps net video traffic 3 Synchronized video streams Similar effect to IMAX
49 Wisair : Host Dongle & DWA Alereon : Host Dongle & DWA, Docking station
50 Staccato communications : Host Dongle & DWA
51 MBOA UWB Hardware devices Two chip solution RF Transceiver, Baseband/MAC Processor Wisair, Alereon, WiQuest, Tzero, Focus, etc. Single chip solution RF + Baseband + MAC Staccato communications, etc.
52 IV. Conclusions WiMedia / Wireless USB Wireless USB Specification Version 1.0 WUSB Development System Many Applications HWA DWA : Hub, Docking Station SDIO with WUSB Problems!!! Chip Delivery Device Driver Supporting
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