AVB in Automotive Infotainment Networks
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1 AVB in Automotive Infotainment Networks Günter Dannhäuser, Daimler AG Andrew Lucas, XMOS Ltd IEEE-SA ETHERNET & AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY DAY COBO Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA October 2014
2 Agenda From Automotive Domains to AVB Automotive Infotainment Domain A/V Use Cases and Core Requirements Adapting AVB for Automotive Infotainment A/V Minimizing Startup Time Tuning Presentation Time Offset Summary 3
3 From Automotive Domains to AVB for Infotainment Automotive Domains: Diverse requirements and traffic characteristics, multiple highly adapted but heterogeneous bus- and network systems Driver Assistance Diagnosis Infotainment Body Electronics Chassis Safety 4
4 From Automotive Domains to AVB for Infotainment Automotive Domains: Diverse requirements and traffic characteristics, multiple highly adapted but heterogeneous bus- and network systems Driver CAN, LIN Assistance Diagnosis Ethernet Infotainment MOST Body CAN, FlexRay Electronics Chassis CAN Safety 4
5 From Automotive Domains to AVB for Infotainment Automotive Domains: Diverse requirements and traffic characteristics, multiple highly adapted but heterogeneous bus- and network systems Ethernet: universal, flexible, low-cost, open-standards Standardized frame format, asynchronous packetswitched, point-to-point links, non-deterministic Ethernet Infotainment Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet 4
6 From Automotive Domains to AVB for Infotainment Automotive Domains: Diverse requirements and traffic characteristics, multiple highly adapted but heterogeneous bus- and network systems Ethernet: universal, flexible, low-cost, open-standards Standardized frame format, asynchronous packetswitched, point-to-point links, non-deterministic The Automotive Infotainment Domain: Highest-performance distributed audio-video use cases Directly affecting customer experience Audio+Video Infotainment 4
7 From Automotive Domains to AVB for Infotainment Automotive Domains: Diverse requirements and traffic characteristics, multiple highly adapted but heterogeneous bus- and network systems Ethernet: universal, flexible, low-cost, open-standards Standardized frame format, asynchronous packetswitched, point-to-point links, non-deterministic The Automotive Infotainment Domain: Highest-performance distributed audio-video use cases Directly affecting customer experience Audio+Video Infotainment AVB Ethernet AVB on top of Ethernet: Protocol- and system standards enabling synchronized audio and video streaming with bounded low latency and guaranteed resources 4
8 Automotive Infotainment Domain Use Cases and Requirements Perceptible latency A. Single observation path (no reference) B. Multiple observation paths (external reference or internal zero-reference) C. Source = Sink (internal zero-reference) Perceptible deviation of multiple sources Video-Video: 1 frame; Audio-Audio: 1 sample Lip-sync: Delay of Audio to Video <100ms Media Replay Video (A) Media Replay Audio (A) Speech Recognition (C) Hands Free Phone (B) Rear/Surround View (B) Augmented Reality (B) In Car Communication (C) Active Noise Control (B) Traffic Characteristics Time Sensitive Audio/Video Streaming: continuous, constant rate, low size variation Time Sensitive Control IEEE TSN Activities required A/V stream latency [ms] full use case max. latency [ms] (chart values are estimates to provide a reference of the order of magnitude) 5
9 Automotive Infotainment Domain Use Cases and Requirements Perceptible latency A. Single observation path (no reference) B. Multiple observation paths (external reference or internal zero-reference) C. Source = Sink (internal zero-reference) Perceptible deviation of multiple sources Video-Video: 1 frame; Audio-Audio: 1 sample AVB gptp Synchronization: < 1μs Lip-sync: Delay of Audio to Video <100ms In practice: < 250ns (Max); <20ns (Mean) Traffic Characteristics Time Sensitive Audio/Video Streaming: AVB Class Measurement Intervals and Credit continuous, constant rate, low size variation Based Shaper target Audio+Video Streaming Time Sensitive Control IEEE TSN Activities Media Replay Video (A) Media Replay Audio (A) Speech Recognition (C) Hands Free Phone (B) Rear/Surround View (B) Augmented Reality (B) In Car Communication (C) Active Noise Control (B) AVB Default SR-B Presentation Time Offset (50ms) AVB Default SR-A Presentation Time Offset (2ms) Tune Presentation Time Offset required A/V stream latency [ms] full use case max. latency [ms] (chart values are estimates to provide a reference of the order of magnitude) 5
10 Automotive Infotainment Domain Use Cases and Requirements t Application Minimal startup time Early Media ~2 seconds e.g. for Park Assist, Hands-Free Phone <1 second e.g. for Active Noise Cancellation PHY AVB μc Firmware or OS System wake-up and start (firmware/os) is major challenge, including AVB software stack optimization Power Minimize Startup Time 6
11 Adapting AVB for Automotive Infotainment Audio+Video Evaluation Platform AVB compliant software stack, open-source and flexible Completely programmable down to the Media Independent Interface Real Time Multicore Microcontroller, precise timestamps and deterministic code execution Evaluation Goals and Results presented today Startup time is crucial for early-media use cases Minimize time from power-on to Audio/Video A/V Streaming use cases requiring packet latency < 2ms Tune Presentation Time Offset Minimize Startup Time Tune Presentation Time Offset 7
12 Minimize Startup Time 8
13 AVB Endpoint Startup Phases Time from Power On to Audio Out [ms] POWER HARDWARE STREAM AUDIO ON READY CONNECTED OUT DEVICE BOOT & HARDWARE INITIALIZATION NETWORK LINKUP & CONTROLLER START MEDIA CLOCK RECOVERY Unoptimized Savings Optimized
14 Minimize Startup Time: Device Boot and Hardware Initialization Time from Power On to Hardware Ready [ms] Time component VDD Valid Boot PHY init delay Total time Unoptimized Savings Optimized Optimization Speedup Power Supplies Faster flash boot Start PHY config right after reset POWER HARDWARE STREAM AUDIO ON READY CONNECTED OUT DEVICE BOOT & HARDWARE INITIALIZATION NETWORK LINKUP & CONTROLLER START MEDIA CLOCK RECOVERY 10
15 Minimize Startup Time: Network Link-up and Controller Start Time from Hardware Ready to Stream Connected [ms] Time component PHY Link up Multicast MAC Address Acquisition gptp Speedup Stream Reservation Unoptimized Savings Optimized Optimization Disable PHY Autonegotiaton Disable MAAP BMCA static roles & Accelerate Sync Msg Static SRP at Startup POWER HARDWARE STREAM AUDIO ON READY CONNECTED OUT DEVICE BOOT & HARDWARE INITIALIZATION NETWORK LINKUP & CONTROLLER START MEDIA CLOCK RECOVERY 11
16 Minimize Startup Time Result POWER HARDWARE STREAM AUDIO ON READY CONNECTED OUT DEVICE BOOT & HARDWARE INITIALIZATION NETWORK LINK UP & CONTROLLER START MEDIA CLOCK RECOVERY Power-On Complete Time from Power-On to Audio Out Improvement by factor 12: from 7s (median) down to 554ms (median) Audio-Out Δ: 520ms Room for further improvements Hardware Fast SPI flash boot, System Ready <25ms PHY: PHY Ready <100ms, saving 100ms Software Media Clock Recovery Startup Time Startup Time requirements < 500ms can be fulfilled 12
17 Tune Presentation Time Offset 13
18 Tuning Presentation Time Offset worst case 100Mbps: Max. Bandwidth Allocation 75% 6% Limited Topology Default PTS-Offset for SR-A is 2ms, for 7 hops Car network topology is limited and well-known; for max. 3 hops, the worst case PTS-Offset is 1ms maxlatency [ s] SR-A, 125μs Fitting DeltaBandwidth Default is 75% of porttransmitrate per Egress-Port Directly affects packet latency Infotainment Domain network: Traffic volume and needed traffic class per port are largely well-known Measured Best Case Accumulated Latency: streampacketsize [byte] Talker Listener Δ: 54.2μs Low Latency Use Cases Accumulated Packet Latency: Direct Connection 1 Stream, 8 Channels, 48kHz, 2Byte/sample 14
19 Summary AVB can easily be optimized to fit the Automotive Infotainment Domain use case requirements as shown in this presentation, considering Startup Time < 500ms even on off-the-shelf, not automotive optimized hardware Latency < 2ms for most demanding A/V use cases Results AVB software stack, optimized for automotive infotainment startup and Application Note, presenting AVB Startup in detail available on Future Work Worst case setup and measurement of accumulated latency from talker to listener in an automotive infotainment topology Fast stream switching (SRP) by tuning MRP timeouts Combination with additional SR-Classes and parameterization (Class Measurement Interval) Combination of AVB shaping with other scheduling strategies (Time-Triggered, TSN) 15
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