The Evolution of Exchange Points

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1 The Evolution of Exchange Points John Silvester Professor and Executive Director of the Center for Scholarly Technology, USC Chair, CENIC APAN21, January 24, 2006, Tokyo, Japan

2 In the beginning Things were simple. There was vbns and then Abilene (Internet2) and various International networks that wanted to connect to the US community and to each other This led to the develop of Startap a single Exchange Point to allow exchange of layer three traffic in Chicago.

3 Internet2 (Abilene( Abilene)

4 Startap

5 Proliferation of Exchanges There were lots of reasons to have other places to connect to in the US and so other exchange points were developed.

6 Main US R&E Exchange Points Asia pacific wave Canada starlight Europe manlan Australia Mexico ampath S. America

7 On the International Front Connectivity increased dramatically and regional collaborations strengthened leading to the development of exchange points around the world.

8 International Connectivity and Exchanges Visualization courtesy of Bob Patterson, NCSA.

9 Pacific Wave With the US West Coast Exchange merged to form Pacific Wave a distributed exchange allowing participants to peer with other networks at any of the exchange points (over an transparent layer 2 network) (similar plans for Atlantic Wave)

10 International Connectivity and Exchanges Visualization courtesy of Bob Patterson, NCSA.

11 PacificWave Seattle Abilene NLR Lambda to STARLIGHT AARNet ATTBI/Comcast TANET2/TWAREN CA*NET4 DREN ESnet GEMnet WIDE/TLEX (IEEAF) Seattle Westin CISCO 6509 NLR Lambda to LAX (via Sunnyvale) SingAREN PNWGP Microsoft KREONet2 1 Gigabit 10 Gigabit Red indicates recent connect or upgrade

12 Pacific Wave - Sunnyvale NLR TO SEATTLE PWAVE ESNET PAIX L3 SVL 6509 CENIC SVL HPR NLR TO LA PWAVE 1 Gigabit 10 Gigabit Red indicates recent connect or upgrade

13 Pacific Wave - Los Angeles Mimos Berhad (Malaysia) 10 GE NLR Lambda To Seattle PWave (via Sunnyvale) Qatar Foundation Abilene Los Nettos 1 Wilshire W 7th W 7th 6509 TWAREN NII/SINET (3) Singaren TRANSPAC2 Cinegrid AARNet (pending) CalREN-HPR 1 Gigabit 10 Gigabit Red indicates recent connect or upgrade

14 Proliferation of Networks In addition to Internet2 s Abilene there were other US networks of interest, mostly agency networks : Energy, NASA, etc. And the development of regional networks such as CENIC s Calren and other state based networks

15 CENIC s Development Started in 1997 Calren was the Calfornia Research and Education Network In 2001 acquired dark fiber to build out a multi-wavelength network in California with several network CalrenDC Digital California CalrenHPR High Performance Research CalrenXD Experimental Development

16 National LambdaRail (NLR) Extended the California Optical Network to a National US footprint Made it possible to build multiple networks on this owned infrastructure

17 National Connections - NLR

18 Regional Optical Networks (RON s( RON s) The NLR and Fiberco efforts led to the development of many Regional Networks (Florida LambdaRail,, LEARN, )

19 Discipline and Project Specific Networks Goal of NLR was to allow groups to build their own networks and they did, Optiputer being a good example. Other networks took advantage of the NLR waves to build out their own networks.

20 Layer 3 Networks in the US So there is now a large number of Layer 3 networks in the US including two national footprint Higher Education Networks Abilene (Internet2) NLR (Experimental) Layer 3 Network Many Agency specific networks like ESNet Many project oriented networks like Teragrid And multiple regional networks like CalREN => Increased Important of the Exchanges

21 Layer 1 and 2 Networks NLR also allowed development of networks at the link or Ethernet layer and Lambda or Lightpath layer. NLR National Layer 2 Network Most others (today) are project specific like Optiputer HOPI, GLIF are large-scale examples of future developments in this area And we can expect others to emerge

22 Changing Requirements for Exchanges The Exchange points need to provide a wider array of services: Layer 3 Interconnect (routed) Layer 3 Interconnect (over layer 2 switch) Layer 2 Interconnect (Ethernet switching) Layer 1 Interconnect (wave switching) Layer 0 Interconnect (fiber interconnect)

23 In process There is a lot of development of capability in the various exchanges worldwide. Efforts to standardize the approach through GLIF GOLE There is an opportunity for more structured interactions between the existing exchanges to develop common approaches

24 Applications All of this is to enable more demanding applications to make effective use of the enhanced Global Connectivity we are all developing. We have seen remarkable demonstrations at igrid 05 and SC 05 that would not have been possible without NLR, the massive increases in International Connectivity and the Exchanges - especially Pacific Wave

25 Sample Traffic Measurement from igrid

26 Thank you! Contact:

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