Future-Generation Wireless Networks: Beyond 3G and 4G.

Transcription

1 Future-Generation Wireless Networks: Beyond 3G and 4G. Kumar Adumulla 29 March 2006 Networks 1

2 Outline Introduction Wireless Networking Generations Issues in 3G What is 4G Beyond 3G & 4G Conclusion References Networks 2

3 Introduction Mobile communications systems are the realization of the anytime, anywhere, anyone concept. Initial systems were for voice. Wireless network subscription has increased due to: continuous development of new technologies expansion of service areas increased popularity of mobile communications Availability of data services has had a major impact on people s lifestyles. Status of mobile communications is changing from complementary to requisite. Networks 3

4 Introduction (cont.) An increasing portion of wireless traffic is data traffic, e.g. messages. New wireless services can be classified as: Social communication and safety, e.g., videotelephony, photo messaging, alarm notification Time saving and empowerment, e.g., online shopping and banking, remote control of home Fun and pleasure, e.g., games, music, sports information Milestones in wireless networking aim at faster bit rates and wider service areas. Networks 4

5 Outline Introduction Wireless Networking Generations Issues in 3G What is 4G Beyond 3G & 4G Conclusion References Networks 5

6 Wireless Networking Generations Generations are classified according to air interfaces 1G: deployed in the 1980s was based on analog FM transmission technologies. 2G: introduced on market in 1991 applied digital technologies such as TDMA, GSM, 2G systems offered higher capacity and lower costs for network operators as well as short messages and low-rate data services for users. Networks 6

7 Wireless Networking Generations [2] 2.5G : introduced ability to use packet switched radio connections over the air. For GSMsystems, this is the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS).GPRS offers users the opportunity to always be online but only be charged for data transferred. 3G: achieves a maximum bit rate of 2 Mbps and offers packet-switched multimedia services (data, video, etc.) as well as circuit-switched voice services. Networks 7

8 Building Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks with Lo John Heidemann,Fabio Silva,Chalermek Intanagonwiwat,Ramesh Govindan, Deborah Estrin and Deepak Ganesan Networks 8

9 Networks 9

10 Networks 10

11 Networks 11

12 Generations and technologies Networks 12

13 Outline Introduction Wireless Networking Generations Issues in 3G What is 4G Beyond 3G & 4G Conclusion References Networks 13

14 Issues in 3G Access Dispersion. Security. Protocols. Networks 14

15 Access Dispersion Access to the interet today is very dispersed. Each of those have their own functionalities to authenticate and charge the usage Interworking of networks is very limited. Networks 15

16 Access Dispersion Networks 16

17 Access Convergence Everybody should have seamless access to all services independently of your location and terminal type. Usage of the networks should be also very simple and seamless the user does not even recognize that the access network has changed. Charging principles should be unified and fair for easy usage. Security has to be always confirmed where ever the service is used. Networks 17

18 Access Convergence Networks 18

19 Software Radio Enables the creation of open APIs for the radio interface and reduces the number of radio components. This is very essential to increase the battery life and make the seamless operations simpler. Intelligent terminals may benefit a lot of the multimode features. For ex: there is no reason to deliver High Quality TV picture via Cellular networks if TV broadcasting can be utilized. Networks 19

20 Issues in 3G Access Dispersion. Security. Protocols. Networks 20

21 security There are two names you need to know in a wireless network: 1. Station (STA) 2. Access point (AP) There are two different modes of wireless networking: 1. Ad hoc mode, or independent basic service set 2. Infrastructure mode, or basic service set Networks 21

22 Security (The attack methodology) Footprint the wireless network Locate and understand your target. Passive attack Analyze the network traffic or break the WEP. Authentication and authorization Determine what methods are enforced and how they can be circumvented. Active attack Launch denial of service (DoS) attack Networks 22

23 Footprint the wireless network Interaction between STA and AP Make sure an AP is available Authenticate with the AP Establish an association with the AP Active method Passive method Networks 23

24 Passive Attack Clear Text Traffic Problems with WEP Brute Force Attack Duplicate IV Chosen/Known Plaintext Weakness in Key Generation Bit-Manipulation Attack Networks 24

25 Authentication and Authorization Open Authentication Shared Secret Authentication Networks 25

26 Networks 26

27 Active Attacks and Denial of Service Physical Level 1. Physical destruction 2. Interference Protocol Level Networks 27

28 Proposed solutions Change the SSID. Configure the AP correctly. Do not depend on WEP. Adopt another authentication/authorization mechanism. Segment the wireless network. Prevent physical access. Networks 28

29 Issues in 3G Access Dispersion. Security. Protocols. Networks 29

30 Protocols IP will play major role in the future networks. IP will be like a water or electricity; it is everywhere and easy to access. The visions where even dogs and fridges will have their own IP addresses will inevitably require IPv6 update for all the IP networks. Surely there will be a transition period between IPv4 and v6 networks. The enhanced address space, built-in security, QoS. Networks 30

31 Draw backs of IPv4 Triangular network. Handoff between different technologies. DAD in Ad-Hoc networks. Networks 31

32 Triangular network Networks 32

33 Mobile Routing Table Networks 33

34 MRT Networks 34

35 Vertical Hand-off Networks 35

36 Vertical Hand-off Networks 36

37 DAD in Ad-Hoc networks. Networks 37

38 Leader election algorithm Networks 38

39 Multi-Hop network. Networks 39

40 Outline Introduction Wireless Networking Generations Issues in 3G What is 4G Beyond 3G & 4G Conclusion References Networks 40

41 GPRS gives better geographical coverage than 3G Networks 41

42 WLANs will always offer better bandwidth than 3G Networks 42

43 3G only adds performance in a small part of the trade-off diagram if compared to GPRS together with WLANs Networks 43

44 Networks 44

45 Outline Introduction Wireless Networking Generations Issues in 3G What is 4G Beyond 3G & 4G Conclusion References Networks 45

46 4G Diverse User Devices Fully Converged Services Services 2010 Autonomous Networks Ubiquitous Mobile Access Software Dependency Networks 46

47 Vision 2010 Elements (1/2) Fully converged services Personal communications, information systems, broadcast and entertainment will have merged into a seamless pool of content available according to the user's requirement. The user will have access to a wider range of services and applications, available conveniently, securely and in a manner reflecting the user's personal preferences. Ubiquitous mobile access The dominant mode of access to this pool of content will be mobile, accounting for all voice communications, the majority of high-speed information services, and a significant proportion of broadcast and entertainment. Mobile access to commercial and retail services will be the norm, replacing current practices in most cases. Diverse user devices The user will be served by a wide variety of low-cost mobile devices to access content conveniently and seamlessly. These devices will commonly be wearable - in some cases disposable - and will normally be powered independently of the mains. Devices will interact with users in a multi-sensory manner, encompassing not only speech, hearing and sight, but also the other human senses, biological and environmental data pertinent to the application. Special devices tailored for people with disabilities will be commonplace. Networks 47

48 Vision 2010 Elements (2/2) Autonomous networks Underlying these systems will be highly autonomous adaptive networks capable of self-management of their structure to meet users' changing and evolving demands, for both services and capacity. Efficient and cost-effective use of the radio spectrum will be an essential element of their operation, and here too autonomy and self-management will be the norm. Software dependency Intelligent Mobile Agents will exist throughout the networks and in user devices, acting continually to simplify tasks and ensure transparency to the user. These Mobile Agents will act at all levels, from managing an individual user's content preferences, to organising and reconfiguring major elements of networks. Networks 48

49 Beyond 3G & 4G Networks 49

50 Beyond 3G & 4G Networks 50

51 Networks 51

52 Networks 52

53 Networks 53

54 Networks 54

55 Networks 55

56 Lateral thinking Plasmon nano particles. Electrons will be replaced by photons. No semiconductors devices. Existing technology may change completely. Future is uncertain. Networks 56

57 Conclusion New generations of wireless networking terrestrial wireless [cellular] or satellite) will result in higher rate integrated communications The complexity of the management of network resources (e.g. bandwidth, power, capacity) will be significant with increasing generation or evolution. Finally The key words in current generation S3(Scalable,Seamless and Simple will become C3 (Contents, Connection and Consumption). Networks 57

58 Conclusion Networks 58

59 References T. Otsu et. al. Network Architecture for Mobile Communications Systems Beyond IMT-2000, IEEE Personal Communications, October 2001, pp M. Frodigh et. al. Future-Generation Wireless Networks, IEEE Personal Communications, October 2001, pp A. Briaet. al. 4th-Generation Wireless Infrastructures:Scenarios and Research Challenges, IEEE Personal Communications, December 2001, pp Networks 59

60 Questions? Thank you.. Networks 60