A Memory Management of Virtual Machines Created By KVM Hypervisor

Transcription

1 A Memory Management of Virtual Machines Created By KVM Hypervisor Priyanka Career Point University Kota, India ABSTRACT virtualization logical abstraction of physical resource is possible which is very lucrative for the IT business with help of virtualization we can reduce the cost of memory, processor power and many more resources.virtualization is veryimportant for cloud computing because the delivery of services is simplified byproviding a platform, infrastructure and services for optimizing complex IT resources in a feasible manner, whichmakes cloud computingmore cost effective. This paper presents a memory management of different-2 virtual machines which are created by KVM hypervisor. The memory management of virtual machines are done in terms of cache memory, buffer memory, I/O memory. This study was done in ubuntu operating system. These virtual machines are managed by the virtual machines monitor. The goals of are that how the different virtual machine of single host affects the performance and make informed decision about choice of best virtual machine assign to the cloud guest and optimization of memory in various virtual machine. Key words: Virtualization, Virtual Machine, KVM (Kernel-based virtual machine), I. INTRODUCTION Virtualization refers to abstraction of physical resource (RAM, Secondary disk etc) and Software resources (Servers applications). Virtualization provides interfaces for applications and operating systems. Hardware resources can be used among several operating systems. It is possible to virtualized complete machines or just parts of the machinewith the help of virtualization is possible to divide the physical hardware among several Virtual Machines (VM). VM assume that it have all control of its resources. These VMs are managed by a Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM). VMM hides layers of hardware below and provides interface for the virtual machines. Operating system and application are run their own physical hardware [1]. The hypervisor is a software layer which manages the virtualization platform between a Virtual machine (VM) and the physical resources it makes use of [2].We use Kernelbased Virtual M For the set of experiment consist of Ubnutn14.04 AMD64 on the Host Machine. All the Virtual Machines (Domain) are installed by One by One with the help Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM). Ubnutu10, 11, 12, are used by for the guest Operating Systems. Now guest Operating System run on the host machine.the hardwaresystem was a Lenovo system with a 3.30 GHz x 4 Intel Core i32120, 4 GB of RAM, 500 GB hard drive. The results were evaluated by Libvirt tool kit Command for the memory management. The results are evaluated by libvirt commands and Virtual Machines are managed with the parameter of memory. Finally the results are compared and give the resource provisioning. II. BACKGROUND & RELATED WORK A. Virtualization Virtualization is a technology that combines or divides computing resources to presentone or many operating environments using methodologies like hardware and softwarepartitioning or aggregation, partial or complete machine simulation, emulation, timesharing, and many others. A virtualization layer provides an infrastructural support using the lowerlevel resourcesto create multiple virtual machines that are independent and isolated from each other. Such a virtualization layer is also called Hypervisor. Although traditionally Hypervisoris used to mean a virtualization layer right on top of the hardware and below theoperating system, we might use it to represent a generic layer in many cases. B. Hypervisor A Hypervisor manages one or more virtual machines where every virtual machine provides facilities to an operating system or application to run as if it is in a normal environment and directly on the hardware. Virtual machines operating at HAL layer level give the flexibility of using different operating systems or different versions of the same operating system on the same machine by presenting a complete machine interface, which creates a demand for a much greater amount of resources. Generally, there are two types of Hypervisors: Type 1 Hypervisor, which runs directly on the system hardware. This is alsoknown as bare metal approach Hypervisor. 124 Priyanka

2 Type 2 Hypervisor, which runs on host operating system that providesvirtualization services such as I/O and memory management. This is also knownas a hosted approach Hypervisor. C. Libvir : A ToolKit Libvirt is a toolkit which interacts with the virtualization capabilities of Linux and other Operating Systems. The goal of Libvirt is to provide a common and stable layer sufficient to securely manage domains on a node. With the Libvirt node can be managed in remotely connection. Libvirt should provide all APIs needed to do the management, such as: provision, create, modify, monitor, control, migrate and stop the domains - within the limits of the support of the hypervisor for those operations.libvirt also provide the monitoring management of the Virtual machines and Libvirt s API implements the management policies, checking the domain states, resource consumption of node. We use following commands of Libvirt with keyword virshfor our experimentation. D. Installation Process of Virtual Machines Installation process is as follows: 1. Install the Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) in Ubuntu14.04 LTS for Graphical User Interface. 2. Make sure that hypervisor Kernel based virtual machine is installed in Host machine or not. By command kvm ok. 3. After that.iso image is put into the host machine 4. Open the VMM select the version and type of Virtual Machine in terms of linux and windows operating system. 5. Choose the.iso option for installing the Virtual Machine. 6. After that put the value of Virtual Memory as RAM in Virtual Machine eg 1024 MB, 2048 MB. 7. Next option is to put value of number of cores for the Virtual Machine eg 2, Now the configuration is done click on forward button then Virtual Machine is installed. III. METHODOLOGY The methodologies for performance comparison of Virtual Machines depend on the workload taken by VM on to host (Ubuntu14.04). The components include Memory (RAM, Buffer, and Cache). Each componenthas different virtualization requirements that need to be tested with different workloads. Thus how assume it as a memory management in server management. When a Virtual Machine created, it assign to specific number of Virtual CPUs (VCPU). VCPU ensure that how many cores this VM can use on to the host. But VCPU does not guarantee that physical machine is dedicated to VM. It represents a flexible assignment of physical machine to the VM. It is totally based on the scheduling weights of the different Virtual Machine. We implemented that a VMs are assign to single VCPU or maximum two VCPU in our system. After the implementation of Virtual Machines the Libirt tool kit is used for gaining the work load of the host (Ubuntu14.04 LTS) and various Guest. The workload is evaluated in parameters of memory (Cache, Buffer, I/O). When two Virtual Machines are running at a same time the Libvirt Commands is also able evaluate the workload of the individual virtual Machine. A general flow chart of our project is as following. Start Step 1: Create a Virtual Machine(s) in Ubuntu14 Step 2: Run a Virtual Machine(s) in Ubuntu Step 3: Input the linux commands of libvirt directory Step 4: Libvirt virtual shell performing into operating system analysis the system resources. Step 5: Output the current Virtual machine consumed resources Step 6: Comparisons to Other Virtual Machine Stop 125 Priyanka

3 A. Experimental Setup The goal of system setup is to provide complete fairnessin all the aspects that can affect the system performance. Hardware setting:for a fair comparison run all host in same Host machine. Host Machine has processor of Intel corei x 4, its RAM memory is 3.7 GB, Operating System type is 64-bits and Secondary Memory is 500 GB. Ubuntu14.04 LTS Operating System is installed in the Host Machine. Thus we established our Host Machine for the Project. In the host installed the KVM/QEMU hypervisor and also installed Libvirt. Input parameter: Following are the input parameter for the management of memory. Input Description Memory Utilization Memory used for Virtual Machine Buffer memory Buffer memory used by Virtual Machine Cache Memory Cache Memory used by Virtual Machine Guest operating Systems: In the guest operating system implemented the Virtual Machine by Ubuntu10, Ubuntu11, Ubnutu12, Ubnutu14.04 LTS. IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION This experimentation is comparisons of Virtual Machines performance into the host system. We have use four different flavors of Ubuntu10, Ubuntu11, Ubuntu12.04 and Ubuntu Virtual Machine and its Combination in Different Scenarios Scenario Scenario 1 Virtual Machines Ubuntu10, Ubuntu11, Ubuntu12, Ubuntu14 Scenario 2 Ubuntu10 + Ubuntu11 Ubuntu11 + Ubuntu14 Ubuntu10 +Ubuntu14 This project has variation with Brute force method which is having many iterative Virtual Machine(s). Basically the experiment has three scenarios. Every scenario has fixed parameters to create a virtual machine after that evaluate the results for every virtual machine. Brief descriptions of scenarios are as follow. Scenario 1 When Single Virtual Machine runs at a timein this scenario only single virtual machine runs at time. After stable the virtual machine result is evaluated for every Virtual Machine. The parameters of results are CPU time and memory of Host machine (Ubuntu14.04). After that it evaluates the result of virtual machine VCPU time, CPU Time, VCPU information. This scenario has four Ubuntu flavor Ubuntu10, Ubuntu11, Ubuntu12, Ubuntu Scenario 2 When Combination of Ubuntu s flavor Virtual Machine runs at a time In this scenario Combination of Ubuntu s flavor Virtual Machine runs at time. After stable the Virtual Machine result is evaluated for every Virtual Machine. The parameters of results are CPU time and memory of Host machine (Ubuntu14.04). After that it evaluates the result of Virtual Machine s VCPU time, CPU Time, VCPU information. This scenario has three Ubuntu s flavor Ubuntu10+Ubuntu11,Ubuntu11+Ubuntu14, Ubuntu10+Ubuntu14. Scenario 1: Performance of different Virtual Machines of the Only Ubnutu flavors. In this scenario only one Virtual Machine runs at a time. The performances are evaluated and compare to other virtual machine s result. 1. Virtual machine (Ubuntu10) runs in host Results of Memory Usage used by host and Domain (Ubuntu10) Node Memory Usage(KB) Ubuntu Total Free Buffer Cached Virtual Machine (Ubuntu11) runs in the host Results of Memory Usage by host and Domain (Ubuntu11) Node Memory Usage(KB) Ubuntu Total Free Buffer Cache d 126 Priyanka

4 Memory Usage by Host machine(kb) International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences 3. Virtual Machine Ubuntu12.04 runs in the host Results of MemoryUsage time by host and Domain (Ubuntu12) Node Memory Usage(KB) Ubuntu14.0 Total Free Buffer Cached Virtual Machine Ubuntu run in the host Results of Memory Usage time by host and Domain (Ubuntu14.04) Node Memory Usage(KB) Ubuntu Total Free Buffer Cached Ubuntu14 use the maximum memory and the Ubuntu10 use the minimum memory of the host machine. Scenario 2: Performance of different Virtual Machines when combinations of virtual machines are run. In this scenario combination of two virtual machine is run at a time of ubuntu flavor. The performance was evaluated and the result was compared with other. The results are as below. 1. Virtual Machine Ubuntu 10 and Ubuntu 11 run at a time. Table : Result of Host machine and domains with Domain Ubuntu10 and Ubuntu11 Node Memory Usage (KB) Free Buffer Cached Virtual Machine (Domain) Free Buffer Cache 2. Virtual Machine Ubuntu 11 and Ubuntu 14 run at a time. Table: Result of Host machine and domains with domain ubuntu11 and ubuntu14.04 Node Memory Usage (KB) Free Buffer Cached Comparative analysis between Hosts (Node) with parameter Memory Usage in Different-2 Virtual Machines Summary of figure - This is comparative figure of Memory usage by host machine when different Virtual Machine is running on to host. Ubnutu14.04 has least free memory (165252KB) so it uses the memory maximum. After analyze the buffer memory the virtual machine again the Ubuntu14.04 use minimum in all Virtual Machine which is (13284 KB). After that analyzed the cache memory again the Ubuntu14.04 uses the minimum cache memory which is ( KB). Ubuntu10 has the maximum free memory ( KB). Thus we can say that 3. Virtual Machine Ubuntu 10 and Ubuntu 14 run at a time Table: Result of Host machine and domains with domain Ubuntu10 and Ubuntu14.04 Node Memory Usage (KB) Free Buffer Cached Priyanka

5 Memory Usage by Host machine(kb) International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences Virtual Machine (Domain) Free Buffer Cache We believe that the results of our studydemonstrate the benefits for implement hybrid Cloud which has Window and Linux operating Systems cloud environments that support a varietyof virtualization and hardware platforms. Our work helps in to improve the efficiency of hybrid cloud. It also show a numberof new management challenges to the system administrator for management of different virtual Machines.Our future work is to compare these results in different-2 hypervisor and implement the virus infected Window XP Virtual Machine and compare it to non infected Window XP. Our future research will solve this problem. Figure : Comparative figure between Hosts (Node) with parameter Memory Usage in Different-2 Virtual Machines in Combination of Ubuntu flavors. Summary of Figure - This is comparative figure of Memory usage by host machine when different-2 combination of virtual machine is running on to host. Ubnutu11+11 have least free memory (132650KB) so it uses the memory maximum. After analyze the buffer memory the virtual machine again the ubuntu11+14 uses minimum buffer memory in all virtual machine which is (18708 KB). After that analyzed the cache memory again the ubuntu10+11 uses the minimum cache memory which is ( KB). Ubntu11+14 have the maximum free memory ( KB). Thus we can say that ubuntu11+14 use the maximum memory and the ubuntu10+11 use the minimum memory of the host machine A. Discussion The experimental results paint a complicated picture aboutthe relative performance of different virtual Machines and its combination. Clearly, that every virtual Machine has differentapplications and workload on to it. So it is helpful to administrator choose the best virtual Machine according to user need. These results are very beneficial for the infrastructure management in hybrid cloud. The results is helpful for the optimization of the memory of virtual machines. V. CONCLUSION This paper has extensively compared various Virtual machines and their combination. We show theirperformance differences and similarities in a variety of situations.our results indicate that virtual Machine performance measurement is very essential for the infrastructure management in Hybrid Cloud. REFERENCES [1.] Lucas Bondan, Carlos Raniery Paula dos Santos, LisandroZambenedetti Granville, "Comparing virtualization solutions for NFV deployment: A network management perspective", 2016 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communication (ISCC), vol. 00, no., pp , 2016, doi: /iscc [2.] QiumingLuo, Feng Xiao, Zhong Ming, Hao Li, Jianyong Chen, Jianhua Zhang, "Optimizing the Memory Management of a Virtual Machine Monitor on a NUMA System", Computer, vol. 49, no., pp , June 2016, doi: /mc [3.] Shlomit S. Pinter, YarivAridor, Steven Shultz, Sergey Guenender, "Improving Machine Virtualization with 'Hotplug Memory'", Computer Architecture and High Performance Computing, Symposium on, vol. 00, no., pp , 2005, doi: /cahpc VMware, Understanding full virtualization, paravirtualization,and hardware assist, VMware White Paper,2007. [4.] P. Apparao, R. Iyer, and D. Newell, Towards Modeling & Analysis of Consolidated CMP Servers, Workshop on the Design, Analysis, and Simulation of Chip Multi-Processors (dascmp), [5.] BaoRong Chang, Hsiu-Fen Tsai, Evaluation of Virtual Machine Performance andvirtualized Consolidation Ratio in Cloud Computing System Journal of Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing 2013 ISSN Ubiquitous International vol no 4 page no 3 [6.] Todd Deshane, Zachary Shepherd, Jeanna N. Matthews, Muli Ben-Yehuda, AmitShah,andBalajiRao, Quantitative comparison of xen and kvm. Xen Summit, June Priyanka