TACTICAL NETWORKING EXPERIMENTS AT THE CWIX

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1 TACTICAL NETWORKING EXPERIMENTS AT THE CWIX WInnComm-Europe Oulu, May 17 th 2017 Christoph Barz Fraunhofer

2 CWIX 2016 FLIP Advanced Waveform Prototyping using SDR

3 CWIX 2016 Schematic Setup WiFi + < 6 Mbit/s L2 FLIP 1 FLIP 2 1A 1A 1B 1B Taktical Router 1A Port extension 1B Flip WF + OBIS Channel Emulator

CWIX 2016 OLSRv2 & 1A Coalition Router OLSRv2

Coalition Router OLSRv2 MT 2A FLIP-WF FLIP-WF

reference radio Wifi-based reference radio

4 CWIX 2016 OLSRv2 & 1A Coalition Router OLSRv2 MT Nation X Wifi-based reference radio Coalition Router OLSRv2 MT 2A FLIP-WF FLIP-WF Wifi-based reference radio Setup combining both national radios Setup Germany 1B Coalition Router OLSRv2 MT Wifi-based reference radio Wifi-based reference radio Coalition Router OLSRv2 MT 2B Nation X FLIP-WF Setup Nation X Setup Germany

Routing & QoS in heterogeneous tactical Networks Approach: Technology-Aware MTR

Role Based MTR Medics do not forward tactical information Medics can still

topology Tactical topology Satcom UHF- Links HF-Link Applikations- Gateway

5 Routing & QoS in heterogeneous tactical Networks Approach: Technology-Aware MTR Topologies represent link characteristics Applications are mapped to topologies Role Based MTR Medics do not forward tactical information Medics can still receive tactical data, forwarding is prevented High-speed topology Overall topology Tactical topology Satcom UHF- Links HF-Link Applikations- Gateway technology based MTR WLAN- Link NGO role-based MTR -> QoS concept for QUAKSBw

Open Architecture for heterogeneous tactical Routing OSLRv2 as first instance of

extensible IETF Directional Airtime Metric (DAT) for Cross Layer Information IETF

rates Effective Data rates Link Error rates Basis for Network Awareness information

for Access to Cross Layer Data Auto Discovery Neighbors Neighbors Link Speeds Link

6 Open Architecture for heterogeneous tactical Routing OSLRv2 as first instance of new generation of routing protocols modular, scalable scalable extensible extensible IETF Directional Airtime Metric (DAT) for Cross Layer Information IETF Directional Airtime Metric to incorporate Cross Layer Information Effective Data rates Effective Data rates Link Error rates Basis for Network Awareness information Basis for Network Awareness information IETF - Dynamic Link Exchange Protocol () for Access to Cross Layer Data Auto Discovery Neighbors Neighbors Link Speeds Link Speeds Error Rates Error Rates Fraunhofer FKIE main contributor to OLSR.org network framework (OONF)

OLSRv2 Military Extensions by Fraunhofer FKIE Compatible with standard OLSRv2 nodes

-Aware MTR Application data must match link characteristics e.g.

metric Allows for the same routing metric for all topologies Satcom HF-Link UHF

7 OLSRv2 Military Extensions by Fraunhofer FKIE Compatible with standard OLSRv2 nodes Technology-Aware MTR Application data must match link characteristics e.g. VHF not for high data rate applications Interface selection independent of routing metric Allows for the same routing metric for all topologies Satcom HF-Link UHF Role Based MTR Medics do not forward tactical information Decoupling of topology participation and forwarding Medics can still receive tactical data while forwarding is prevented

OLSRv2 Military Extensions by Fraunhofer FKIE Artillery Observer Scenario Planned EMCON Reception of orders and information still vital for operation Observers can have several proxies Network

Security & Interoperability Routing dynamically establishes tunnels to direct neighbors Tunnels are basis for Integration of MOTS s Optional Security by IDP/MIKE integration per interface Configure M

8 OLSRv2 Military Extensions by Fraunhofer FKIE Artillery Observer Scenario Planned EMCON Reception of orders and information still vital for operation Observers can have several proxies Network topology can change as long as proxies stay in range ICMCIS 2015 Advanced Security Gateways for Heterogeneous Tactical Ad hoc Networks. Security & Interoperability Routing dynamically establishes tunnels to direct neighbors Tunnels are basis for Integration of MOTS s Optional Security by IDP/MIKE integration per interface Configure M T routing rules on tunnel basis netlink Routing Agent Policy Routing Table netlink/ioctl Dynamic tunnel setup Routing control messages Kernel based forwarding Tunnel Interface Neighbor 1 IPsec Transport Mode Tunnel Interface Neighbor 2 IPsec Transport Mode Tunnel Interface Neighbor 3 IPsec Transport Mode : Native Interface - Multicast IPsec Transport Mode V H F

9 Flexible Architecture for Waveform Integration Approach radios in a simple L2 mode single routing instance L2 information via 2Router prot. routing metric to incorporate link characteristics Session Ethernet Session Ethernet Advantages reduced topology complexity less management overhead Interoperability / integration of different radios more flexibility in routing Device Requirements Ethernet Session

Research on a novel Flexible IP-Waveform (FLIP-WF) for future Tactical Environments Early identification of new technologies enabling a cost and time efficient experimental assessment Realization of

10 Research on a novel Flexible IP-Waveform (FLIP-WF) for future Tactical Environments Early identification of new technologies enabling a cost and time efficient experimental assessment Realization of the FLIP-WF as a Waveform Application (WFA) for Software Defined s (SDR). Modular, scalable, and reconfigurable Design with modern Cross Layer Interfaces (e.g. ) Tailored parametrization and features for different use cases Provision of new operational and technical capabilities to the warfighter (e.g. in Coalition Operations) CWIX activities for Coalition Interoperability CWIX 2016 CWIX 2017 CWIX 2018

11 Flexible/Modular MAC Version 0.6 (inline voice) SIP Stream Voice Decoder Voice Data (src,codec) Ethernet Frame Local Resolver Ethernet Fr. Expansion Compr.data (src,dst,pri) Content Parser Fragments (src,dst,pri) Frame Parser Frame (phy metad.) MAC-RX Ethernet ARP Proxy- Table Context Feedback ACK Gener. ACK Process. Slot-Time PHY Ethernet Frame Local Handling Ethernet Fr. (src,dst,pri) Optimization Compr.data (src,dst,pri) Content Gen. Fragments (src,dst,pri) ACKs Frame Gen. Frame (src,dst,pri) ACKs MAC-TX SIP Stream Voice Encoder Voice Data (src,codec)

CWIX 2017 Network Setup Unclassified (optional) Civil Cellular Network Fielded Tactical MOTS Fielded Tactical MOTS Nation X FLIP-WF FLIP-WF Coalition Router OLSRv2 MT Coalition Router OLSRv2 MT First

12 CWIX 2017 Network Setup Unclassified (optional) Civil Cellular Network Fielded Tactical MOTS Fielded Tactical MOTS Nation X FLIP-WF FLIP-WF Coalition Router OLSRv2 MT Coalition Router OLSRv2 MT First System Channel Emulator for FLIP-WF Second System Coalition Router OLSRv2 MT Coalition Router OLSRv2 MT FLIP-WF FLIP-WF Nation X Nation X Civil Cellular Network Civil Cellular Network LTE Basestation SNOW 3G (oraes) confidentiality & integrity protection 3x LTE UE LTE Core Network & OLSRv2 MT Router

13 CWIX Capability FIST-TacService Support Organization/ Capability Configuration Lead: Description: Status: Tactical Service Support BAAINBw I1.1 TRAR Detlef Staufenbiel Fraunhofer FKIE Christoph Barz Network status interface and QoS mechanisms for heterogeneous radio networks F&T Test objectives: Network awareness for applications Network QoS mechanisms for military applications Test motivation: Focus Area Potential test partners: Test of interfaces between military applications and heterogeneous/multi-national tactical networks Communications NOR, USA, NATO

14 CWIX Capability FIST-TacRouter Organization/ Capability Configuration Lead: Tactical Router BAAINBw I1.1 TRAR Detlef Staufenbiel Fraunhofer FKIE Christoph Barz Description: OLSRv2 (Optimized Link State Routing Protocol v2) based tactical router for heterogeneous tactical networks, Support for IETF (Dynamic Link Exchange Protocol) and IPSec-based security extensions Status: F&T Test objectives: Interoperability with different tactical radios (Layer 2/Layer 3) Interoperability of Interoperability of OLSRv2 Test motivation: Interoperability for coalition missions Focus Area Potential test partners: Communications BEL, NOR, POL, ROU, USA, NATO

15 CWIX Capability FLIP-TacMAC Organization/ Capability Configuration Lead: Description: Status: Flexible MAC-layer for tactical radios BAAINBw I1.1 TORR Martin Dunkel Fraunhofer FKIE Christoph Barz Flexible Medium Access Control (MAC) Layer of a waveform for Software Defined s with modular design and extensions like ; reusable for different PHY layers F&T Test objectives: MAC-layer features for simultaneous voice and data, QoS and flexibility Interoperability test regarding physical layers Test motivation: Focus Area Potential test partners: Interoperability for coalition missions Communications NOR, BEL

16 CWIX Capability FLIP-TacPHY Organization/ Capability Configuration Lead: Description: Status: Flexible physical-layer for tactical radios BAAINBw I1.1 TORR Martin Dunkel Fraunhofer FKIE Dr. Marc Adrat Physical (PHY) layer of a waveform for Software Defined with flexible scalable- and configurable parameters (e.g. burst length, bandwidth, modulation & coding schema) F&T Test objectives: Capabilities of the physical layer (e.g. adaptive Coding and modulation schema) Interoperability to MAC layer Test motivation: Focus Area Potential test partners: Interoperability for coalition missions Communications BEL

17 Questions? Live visualization based on the network awareness interface thanks!

18 Overhead Analysis in a Military Scenario IST-124 Anglova Scenario Vignette 2; About 2 hours; Battalion of 157 nodes plus a Coalition Head Quarter (CHQ) and a UAV Hilly terrain covered by forests A segment, from 5500 to 6501 seconds in vignette 2 is used The battalion splits up further onto many paths grouped in companies Networks formed out of 1 to 4 companies Network sizes; 24, 48, 72 and 96 nodes Mobility, up to 60 km/h

19 Overhead Analysis in a Military Scenario IST-124 Anglova Scenario

based Testbed at Fraunhofer FKIE OLSRv2 for Community

93 December 2015 FKIE testbed extensions - two floors,

26 locations in a dense indoor deployment, each with:

running OLSRv2 with DAT metric) 137 138 Etage II 151

20 based Testbed at Fraunhofer FKIE OLSRv2 for Community Networks. Elsevier Comput. Netw. 93 December 2015 FKIE testbed extensions - two floors, 100m approx. 26 locations in a dense indoor deployment, each with: devices with 12dbi 5Ghz antenna Experiment devices (e.g. running OLSRv2 with DAT metric) Etage II 151 Etage III 150 OLSRd / OLSRd2 backbone network (145)

21 OLSRv2 with Testbed Results Experiment: TCP throughput measurements From node 130 to node X 20 replications 0.95 confidence level

22 Difference of OLSRv1 ETX and OLSRv2 DAT Strategies OLSRv1 ETX 138 à10.38 MB ß0.23 MB à10.46 MB ß0.23 MB à2.1 MB ß0.05 MB à8.35 MB ß0.18 MB 132 à2.1 MB ß0.05 MB 134 à10.44 MB ß0.23 MB 133 à10.34 MB ß0.14 MB ß0.092 MB 135 ß0.092 MB OLSRv2 DAT

Short Introduction to our National R&T Study

Waveform PHY OFDM, 25-100 khz BW Tactical VHF

CNR-PTT-style voice transmission Link layer

3) (optional) MANET Dynamic Routing with

23 Short Introduction to our National R&T Study Rapid Prototyping with a Flexible IP-capable Waveform PHY OFDM, khz BW Tactical VHF / UHF bands MAC CSMA with reserved slots for CNR-PTT-style voice transmission Link layer Transparent Bridging IPv4 & v6 capable (layer 3) (optional) MANET Dynamic Routing with OLSRv2 Dynamic Link Exchange Protocol ( ) Fraunhofer

NEXIUM THEATRE. Tactical networks for defence and security forces

NEXIUM THEATRE. Tactical networks for defence and security forces w w w. t h a l e s g r o u p. c o m NEXIUM THEATRE Tactical networks for defence and security forces DEFENCE SECURITY B ased on its long experience and worldwide leadership in military communications and