Networks. Distributed Systems. Philipp Kupferschmied. Universität Karlsruhe, System Architecture Group. May 6th, 2009
|
|
- Alyson Sullivan
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Networks Distributed Systems Philipp Kupferschmied Universität Karlsruhe, System Architecture Group May 6th, 2009 Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 1/ 41
2 1 Communication Basics Introduction Layered Communication Layers in the ISO/OSI Model 2 Static Interconnection Networks Dynamic Interconnection Networks 3 Routing in Switched Networks 4 Connection Handling Reliable Communication Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 2/ 41
3 Why Communication? Introduction Layered Communication Layers in the ISO/OSI Model Threads of a distributed application collaborate Lack of shared memory messages Preconditions: Physical interconnection network Electric signals on wires, etc. Rules obeyed by each communication partner Communication protocols Common language and common semantics Otherwise no mutual understanding Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 3/ 41
4 Information, Data, Signals Introduction Layered Communication Layers in the ISO/OSI Model information: abstract idea of what I want data: formal representation of information using a known vocabulary signal: physical representation of data in time/space on a medium Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 4/ 41
5 Information, Data, Signals Introduction Layered Communication Layers in the ISO/OSI Model information: abstract idea of what I want data: formal representation of information using a known vocabulary signal: physical representation of data in time/space on a medium Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 4/ 41
6 Information, Data, Signals Introduction Layered Communication Layers in the ISO/OSI Model information: abstract idea of what I want data: formal representation of information using a known vocabulary tree signal: physical representation of data in time/space on a medium Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 4/ 41
7 Information, Data, Signals Introduction Layered Communication Layers in the ISO/OSI Model information: abstract idea of what I want data: formal representation of information using a known vocabulary tree signal: physical representation of data in time/space on a medium Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 4/ 41
8 Base Model of Communication Introduction Layered Communication Layers in the ISO/OSI Model sender service access point/ service entry point receiver service interface medium message Participants act as sender (client) or receiver (server) Using a service by a client takes place via a service-interface on a specific service entry point Via the medium the spatial distance is met Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 5/ 41
9 Introduction Layered Communication Layers in the ISO/OSI Model Medium The Physical Essence in Networks Signals need a medium Air for sound waves Paper for written letters Copper wire for electrical signals Fibre for optical signals The ether for wireless transmission Some media relay the signals to many receivers, others don t Broadcast, shared medium Point-to-point communication Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 6/ 41
10 Introduction Layered Communication Layers in the ISO/OSI Model What May Happen When Communicating Identify the communication partner Need to find the communication partner Get a communication line (with certain properties) Make sure we talk the same language Come to a common understanding what we agreed upon Deal with partial or complete network breakdown (more) Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 7/ 41
11 Introduction Layered Communication Layers in the ISO/OSI Model Reliable vs. Unreliable Communication Reliable Communication All messages are delivered either exactly once... or at least once... or at most once Unreliable Communication Each message may be delivered once... or multiple times... or not at all Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 8/ 41
12 Introduction Layered Communication Layers in the ISO/OSI Model Uni- vs. Bidirectional Communication Notification One way, unidirectional Sender continues immediately Usually unreliable (may get lost) E.g., remote log messages Request Bidirectional Sender waits for response ACK or Some result Usually reliable required E.g., RPC Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 9/ 41
13 Point-to-Point vs. End-to-End Introduction Layered Communication Layers in the ISO/OSI Model Point-to-point Data exchange between directly physically connected hosts + No routing required Completely meshed network required End-to-end Data exchange between between potentially non-neighbored hosts Routing required (depending on topology) + Less expensive network topology possible Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 10/ 41
14 Layered Communication Introduction Layered Communication Layers in the ISO/OSI Model Layer C data Layer C Layer B data Layer B Layer A data Layer A protocols transmission medium Seemingly: horizontal communication within layers Actually: vertical communication between layers per system Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 11/ 41
15 Protocols and Interfaces Introduction Layered Communication Layers in the ISO/OSI Model Layer n+1 (client) Two adjacent layers in a protocol stack work together well-defined interfaces Layer n Layer n-1 (server) Server offers service Client wants service Interface must be specified Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 12/ 41
16 Headers and Encapsulation Introduction Layered Communication Layers in the ISO/OSI Model Layer C data Layer C Layer B data Layer B Layer A header data trailer Layer A protocols transmission medium Each layer wraps data from previous layer Type of contents Explicitly given in outer protocol header Implicitly inferred from received data Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 13/ 41
17 The ISO/OSI Reference Model Introduction Layered Communication Layers in the ISO/OSI Model 7. Application application protocol Application 6. Presentation 5. Session 4. Transport 3. Network 2. Data link 1. Physical presentation protocol (hide different data representations) session protocol (identify users, manage sessions) transport protocol (packet-error handling, connections) network protocol (transmit packets between systems, routing) data link protocol (bit-error detection, medium access) physical protocol (transmit bits between neighbours) Presentation Session Transport Network Data link Physical Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 14/ 41
18 The ISO/OSI Reference Model Introduction Layered Communication Layers in the ISO/OSI Model 7. Application application protocol Application 6. Presentation presentation protocol Presentation 5. Session session protocol Session 4. Transport transport protocol Transport 3. Network Network Network 2. Data link Data link Data link Data link 1. Physical Physical Physical Physical Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 14/ 41
19 Role of ISO/OSI Layers 1 4 Introduction Layered Communication Layers in the ISO/OSI Model 1. Physical layer (e.g., RS-232, Manchestercode) Unreliable point-to-point communication Carry signals between neighbors 2. Data link layer (e.g., Ethernet) Reliable point-to-point communication Medium access control (MAC), bit error detection 3. Network layer (e.g., IP) Unreliable end-to-end communication Routing 4. Transport layer (e.g., TCP) Reliable end-to-end communication Detect packet loss, out-of-order reception Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 15/ 41
20 Role of ISO/OSI Layers 5 7 Introduction Layered Communication Layers in the ISO/OSI Model 5. Session layer Manage sessions Used for example by RPC 6. Presentation layer Convert data formats Little-/big-endian Relative/absolute data Textual vs. numeric representation Mostly unused/integrated in application layer 7. Application layer (e.g., HTTP, FTP) Whatever you want Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 16/ 41
21 Overview Communication Basics Static Interconnection Networks Dynamic Interconnection Networks switch/hub Communication networks: usually star, bus, ring,... Multicomputer/DS: usually ring, lattice, hypercube,... Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 17/ 41
22 Token Ring Communication Basics Static Interconnection Networks Dynamic Interconnection Networks Constant, low node degree (always 2) (Practically) limited extensibility Sender puts message on line If he received the token message All nodes inspect message and pass it on Original sender does not pass the message on Converts message into token message Medium access controlled by token Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 18/ 41
23 Lattice/Torus Communication Basics Static Interconnection Networks Dynamic Interconnection Networks Torus generalized ring Constant node degree (2 #dimensions) Incrementally extensible in (small) steps Good for distributed apps. with local communication pattern (e.g., meterologic simulations) Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 19/ 41
24 Hypercube Communication Basics Static Interconnection Networks Dynamic Interconnection Networks Logarithmic diameter (max. distance between nodes) Extensible by doubling number of nodes only Take two d-dimensional hypercubes Combine corresponding nodes with edges Also increases node degree (#dimensions) Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 20/ 41
25 Analysis Hypercube Communication Basics Static Interconnection Networks Dynamic Interconnection Networks N = 2 d nodes d neighbours per node (degree d) d 2 d edges Diameter: log 2 N = log 2 2 d = d Simple routing Many paths (robust, parallel communication) Expensive Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 21/ 41
26 Cube Connected Cycles Static Interconnection Networks Dynamic Interconnection Networks d 2 d nodes (d: dimension) Logarithmic diameter Constant, low node degree (always 3) Extensible by (more than) doubling number of nodes only Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 22/ 41
27 Completely Meshed Communication Basics Static Interconnection Networks Dynamic Interconnection Networks + Low diameter (1) High cost Limited extensiblility by max. node degree Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 23/ 41
28 Summary Communication Basics Static Interconnection Networks Dynamic Interconnection Networks Lattice L(a 1 a 2... a d ) Torus T (a 1 a 2... a d ) Hypercube H(d) Cube Connected Cycles CCC(d) Lattice Torus nodes edges degree diameter d d a i (a k 1) 2d d (a k 1) k=1 d a k k=1 i k k=1 a k d k=1 k=1 k=1 H(d) 2 d d 2 d 1 = d d CCC(d) d 2 d 3d 2 d 1 = 3 2d + d/2 a k = 2d d a k /2 Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 24/ 41
29 Bus-Connected Nodes Static Interconnection Networks Dynamic Interconnection Networks Cheap Blocking Poor scalability E.g., PCI, SCSI, Ethernet Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 25/ 41
30 Bus-Connected Nodes Static Interconnection Networks Dynamic Interconnection Networks Cheap Blocking Poor scalability E.g., PCI, SCSI, Ethernet Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 25/ 41
31 Bus-Connected Nodes Static Interconnection Networks Dynamic Interconnection Networks Cheap Blocking Poor scalability E.g., PCI, SCSI, Ethernet Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 25/ 41
32 Example: Ethernet Communication Basics Static Interconnection Networks Dynamic Interconnection Networks Developed at Xerox Physical bus, hubs and switches Medium access: CSMA/CD 2.94 MBit/s (today: 10 GBit/s) Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 26/ 41
33 Crossbar Communication Basics Static Interconnection Networks Dynamic Interconnection Networks + Non-blocking + Fast Expensive Not scalable Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 27/ 41
34 Omega Nets Communication Basics Static Interconnection Networks Dynamic Interconnection Networks bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 either or Hierarchical crossbar + Less expensive Higher latency Limited connectivity precludes Simple routing src dst interpret dst bitwise, MSB first 0: upper port, 1: lower port Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 28/ 41
35 Fat Tree Nets Communication Basics Static Interconnection Networks Dynamic Interconnection Networks root switch inner nodes are switches leaves are processors or memory Upper levels with higher bandwidths or multiple redundant links Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 29/ 41
36 Circuit vs. Packet Switching Static Interconnection Networks Dynamic Interconnection Networks Circuit switching Guarantees bandwidth Connection established if all systems can fulfill requirements State in intermediate systems represents the connection E.g., telephone, desired for streaming Packet switched Gains bandwidth by multiplexing Packets are treated independently E.g., Internet, suited for message-oriented communication Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 30/ 41
37 Connecting LANs Communication Basics Purpose Routing in Switched Networks switch/hub Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 31/ 41
38 Schematic Outline of a Router Purpose Routing in Switched Networks Incoming ports and queues Coupling network, e.g. crossbar Outgoing ports and queues Routing table Packets are queued in each router Increased lantency Packets are dropped if incoming queue is full Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 32/ 41
39 Link-State Routing (Dijkstra) Purpose Routing in Switched Networks 5 C 5 2 B 3 1 F A A 1 D 1 E 1 2 D B Convert graph to tree Root = node whose routing table is desired Successively add node with smallest accumulated distance 1 E 1 2 C F Requires whole system image not scalable Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 33/ 41
40 Distance Vector Routing Purpose Routing in Switched Networks Simple adaptive routing protocol Originally used as RIP for the Internet (now: BGP) Every router maintains a table (node, out-port, distance) per node Tables are regularly exchanged with neighbours If (distance+1) < my distance, update out-port and distance Problems Slow convergence to consistent state Count-to-infinity for broken nodes High overhead due to exchange of complete tables Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 34/ 41
41 Purpose Communication Basics Purpose Connection Handling Reliable Communication Use unreliable, packet switched network Provide reliable transmission of data streams Introduce ACKs and sequence numbers Retransmit unacked packets after timeout Multiplex multiple connections on a link Flow control Congestion control E.g., TCP UDP (more or less) offers IP at transport layer Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 35/ 41
42 Notions Communication Basics Purpose Connection Handling Reliable Communication Acknowledgements Positive: OK, packet received (ACK) Negative: Packet missing, resend! (NACK) Sequence numbers Allow correct reassembly of data Packets may come in out-of-order Packets may be lost Timeouts Determine whether a packet should be resend E.g., if no ACK was received after 3 s Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 36/ 41
43 Establishing a Connection Purpose Connection Handling Reliable Communication Connection Request Connection Indication Connection Response Connection Confirm Are connections bidirectional? Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 37/ 41
44 Establishing a Connection Purpose Connection Handling Reliable Communication Connection Request Connection Indication Connection Request Connection Indication Connection Confirm Connection Response Connection Confirm Connection Response Are connections bidirectional? Does this open one or two connections? Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 37/ 41
45 Stop and Wait Communication Basics Purpose Connection Handling Reliable Communication Sender sends one packet and waits for ACK Resend after timeout If ACK was lost, receiver gets duplicates! Use sequence numbers to identify duplicates Slow due to waiting for ACKs Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 38/ 41
46 Sliding Window Communication Basics Purpose Connection Handling Reliable Communication ACK(2) ACK(5) Send consecutive packets i to i + W 1 Send further packets only after i has been ACKed + Increased throughput due to Multiple outstanding packets Aggregated ACKs Possibly overlapping data and ACK packet transmission Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 39/ 41
47 Retransmission Communication Basics Purpose Connection Handling Reliable Communication withheld from application ACK(2) A sends 5 packets Packet 3 gets lost Packets 4 and 5 are withheld from the application at B B ACKs reception of all packets 2 (or NACKs packet 3) A resends 3 5 (or just 3) + Complete data is passed in-order to the application Sender must keep sent packets Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 40/ 41
48 The End Communication Basics Purpose Connection Handling Reliable Communication Feel free to ask questions! Philipp Kupferschmied Networks 41/ 41
Chapter 16 Networking
Chapter 16 Networking Outline 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Network Topology 16.3 Network Types 16.4 TCP/IP Protocol Stack 16.5 Application Layer 16.5.1 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 16.5.2 File Transfer
More informationOutline: Connecting Many Computers
Outline: Connecting Many Computers Last lecture: sending data between two computers This lecture: link-level network protocols (from last lecture) sending data among many computers 1 Review: A simple point-to-point
More informationCMSC 611: Advanced. Interconnection Networks
CMSC 611: Advanced Computer Architecture Interconnection Networks Interconnection Networks Massively parallel processor networks (MPP) Thousands of nodes Short distance (
More informationLocal Area Networks and the Network Protocol Stack
Local Area Networks and the CSC362, Information Security Introduction problems inherent in transmitting packets network topologies network protocol stack Packet Switching Problems packet switching can
More informationModule 16: Distributed System Structures
Chapter 16: Distributed System Structures Module 16: Distributed System Structures Motivation Types of Network-Based Operating Systems Network Structure Network Topology Communication Structure Communication
More informationPeer entities. Protocol Layering. Protocols. Example
Peer entities Protocol Layering An Engineering Approach to Computer Networking Customer A and B are peers Postal worker A and B are peers Protocols A protocol is a set of rules and formats that govern
More informationCMPE 150/L : Introduction to Computer Networks. Chen Qian Computer Engineering UCSC Baskin Engineering Lecture 11
CMPE 150/L : Introduction to Computer Networks Chen Qian Computer Engineering UCSC Baskin Engineering Lecture 11 1 Midterm exam Midterm this Thursday Close book but one-side 8.5"x11" note is allowed (must
More informationNetwork Architecture
Unit 7 Network Architecture Acknowledgments: These slides were originally developed by Prof. Jean Walrand for EE122. The past and current EE122 instructors including Kevin Fall, Abhay Parekh, Shyam Parekh,
More informationMidterm Review. EECS 489 Computer Networks Z. Morley Mao Monday Feb 19, 2007
Midterm Review EECS 489 Computer Networks http://www.eecs.umich.edu/courses/eecs489/w07 Z. Morley Mao Monday Feb 19, 2007 Acknowledgement: Some slides taken from Kurose&Ross and Katz&Stoica 1 Adminstrivia
More informationNetwork Infrastructure
Network Infrastructure For building computer networks more complex than e.g. a short bus, some additional components are needed. They can be arranged hierarchically regarding their functionality: Repeater
More informationComputer Networking. Introduction. Quintin jean-noël Grenoble university
Computer Networking Introduction Quintin jean-noël Jean-noel.quintin@imag.fr Grenoble university Based on the presentation of Duda http://duda.imag.fr 1 Course organization Introduction Network and architecture
More informationCMPE150 Midterm Solutions
CMPE150 Midterm Solutions Question 1 Packet switching and circuit switching: (a) Is the Internet a packet switching or circuit switching network? Justify your answer. The Internet is a packet switching
More informationData and Computer Communications. Chapter 2 Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-Based Applications
Data and Computer Communications Chapter 2 Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-Based s 1 Need For Protocol Architecture data exchange can involve complex procedures better if task broken into subtasks
More informationNetworking and Internetworking 1
Networking and Internetworking 1 Today l Networks and distributed systems l Internet architecture xkcd Networking issues for distributed systems Early networks were designed to meet relatively simple requirements
More informationChapter -4 OSI Reference Model
Chapter -4 OSI Reference Model Objectives Concept of Reference Model. OSI Reference Model Concept. Layers of OSI Reference Model. 4.1 Introduction Layered Architecture, Peer-to- Peer Processes, Interfaces
More informationb) Diverse forms of physical connection - all sorts of wired connections, wireless connections, fiber optics, etc.
Objectives CPS221 Lecture: Layered Network Architecture last revised 6/22/10 1. To discuss the OSI layered architecture model 2. To discuss the specific implementation of this model in TCP/IP Materials:
More informationCommunicating over the Network
Communicating over the Network Network Fundamentals Chapter 2 Version 4.0 1 Network Structure The elements of communication 3 common elements of communication Message source people/electronic devices need
More informationInternetworking Part 1
CMPE 344 Computer Networks Spring 2012 Internetworking Part 1 Reading: Peterson and Davie, 3.1 22/03/2012 1 Not all networks are directly connected Limit to how many hosts can be attached Point-to-point:
More informationSilberschatz and Galvin Chapter 15
Silberschatz and Galvin Chapter 15 Network Structures CPSC 410--Richard Furuta 3/30/99 1 Chapter Topics Background and motivation Network topologies Network types Communication issues Network design strategies
More informationInternet II. CS10 : Beauty and Joy of Computing. cs10.berkeley.edu. !!Senior Lecturer SOE Dan Garcia!!! Garcia UCB!
cs10.berkeley.edu CS10 : Beauty and Joy of Computing Internet II!!Senior Lecturer SOE Dan Garcia!!!www.cs.berkeley.edu/~ddgarcia CS10 L17 Internet II (1)! Why Networks?! Originally sharing I/O devices
More informationCS3600 SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS
CS3600 SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY Lecture 17: Internet architecture Prof. Alan Mislove (amislove@ccs.neu.edu) Slides used with permissions from Edward W. Knightly, T. S. Eugene Ng, Ion
More informationCPS221 Lecture: Layered Network Architecture
CPS221 Lecture: Layered Network Architecture Objectives last revised 9/8/14 1. To discuss the OSI layered architecture model 2. To discuss the specific implementation of this model in TCP/IP Materials:
More informationก ก Information Technology II
ก ก 202103 Information Technology II ก ก ก ก ก (LAN), ก LAN, ก ก (LAN) ก ก ก LAN ก LAN ก LAN Topology Bus LAN Star LAN Ring LAN Wireless LAN Wireless LAN Wireless ก (LAN) ก ก ก LAN ก LAN WAN ก Random Access
More informationNext Steps Spring 2011 Lecture #18. Multi-hop Networks. Network Reliability. Have: digital point-to-point. Want: many interconnected points
Next Steps Have: digital point-to-point We ve worked on link signaling, reliability, sharing Want: many interconnected points 6.02 Spring 2011 Lecture #18 multi-hop networks: design criteria network topologies
More informationReview of Topology and Access Techniques / Switching Concepts
Review of Topology and s / Concepts BSAD 141 Dave Novak Sources: Network+ Guide to Networks, Dean 2013 Overview Three base wired topologies Bus, star, ring Two wireless topologies Ad-hoc, infrastructure
More informationCommunication has significant impact on application performance. Interconnection networks therefore have a vital role in cluster systems.
Cluster Networks Introduction Communication has significant impact on application performance. Interconnection networks therefore have a vital role in cluster systems. As usual, the driver is performance
More informationCSE 461 Module 10. Introduction to the Transport Layer
CSE 461 Module 10 Introduction to the Transport Layer Last Time We finished up the Network layer Internetworks (IP) Routing (DV/RIP, LS/OSPF, BGP) It was all about routing: how to provide end-to-end delivery
More informationParts of a Network. app. router. link. host. Computer Networks 2
Network Components Parts of a Network app host router link Computer Networks 2 Parts of a Network app host router link Computer Networks 3 Component Names Component Function Example Application, or app,
More informationUDP, TCP, IP multicast
UDP, TCP, IP multicast Dan Williams In this lecture UDP (user datagram protocol) Unreliable, packet-based TCP (transmission control protocol) Reliable, connection oriented, stream-based IP multicast Process-to-Process
More informationPrinciples behind data link layer services:
Data Link Layer Goals: Principles behind data link layer services: Error detection, correction Sharing a broadcast channel: multiple access Link layer addressing Reliable data transfer, flow control: Done!
More informationECE 158A: Lecture 13. Fall 2015
ECE 158A: Lecture 13 Fall 2015 Random Access and Ethernet! Random Access! Basic idea: Exploit statistical multiplexing Do not avoid collisions, just recover from them When a node has packet to send Transmit
More informationECE 650 Systems Programming & Engineering. Spring 2018
ECE 650 Systems Programming & Engineering Spring 2018 Networking Introduction Tyler Bletsch Duke University Slides are adapted from Brian Rogers (Duke) Computer Networking A background of important areas
More informationNetwork Management & Monitoring Network Delay
Network Management & Monitoring Network Delay These materials are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) End-to-end
More informationNetworking Applications
Networking Dr. Ayman A. Abdel-Hamid College of Computing and Information Technology Arab Academy for Science & Technology and Maritime Transport 1 Outline Internet Layers Internet Data Packet transmission
More informationUNIT IV -- TRANSPORT LAYER
UNIT IV -- TRANSPORT LAYER TABLE OF CONTENTS 4.1. Transport layer. 02 4.2. Reliable delivery service. 03 4.3. Congestion control. 05 4.4. Connection establishment.. 07 4.5. Flow control 09 4.6. Transmission
More informationDistributed System Chapter 16 Issues in ch 17, ch 18
Distributed System Chapter 16 Issues in ch 17, ch 18 1 Chapter 16: Distributed System Structures! Motivation! Types of Network-Based Operating Systems! Network Structure! Network Topology! Communication
More informationCS61C : Machine Structures
inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs61c CS61C : Machine Structures Lecture 36 I/O : Networks TA Sameer The Yellow Dart Iyengar inst.eecs/~cs61c-ti Next year: Forget Elmo Get a Robot buddy New human-like robots that
More informationOperating Systems. 16. Networking. Paul Krzyzanowski. Rutgers University. Spring /6/ Paul Krzyzanowski
Operating Systems 16. Networking Paul Krzyzanowski Rutgers University Spring 2015 1 Local Area Network (LAN) LAN = communications network Small area (building, set of buildings) Same, sometimes shared,
More informationModule 16: Distributed System Structures. Operating System Concepts 8 th Edition,
Module 16: Distributed System Structures, Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2009 Chapter 16: Distributed System Structures Motivation Types of Network-Based Operating Systems Network Structure Network Topology
More informationCS4700/CS5700 Fundamentals of Computer Networks
CS4700/CS5700 Fundamentals of Computer Networks Lecture 14: TCP Slides used with permissions from Edward W. Knightly, T. S. Eugene Ng, Ion Stoica, Hui Zhang Alan Mislove amislove at ccs.neu.edu Northeastern
More informationModule 15: Network Structures
Module 15: Network Structures Background Topology Network Types Communication Communication Protocol Robustness Design Strategies 15.1 A Distributed System 15.2 Motivation Resource sharing sharing and
More informationCS61C : Machine Structures
CS61C L36 I/O : Networks (1) inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs61c CS61C : Machine Structures Lecture 36 I/O : Networks TA Sameer The Yellow Dart Iyengar inst.eecs/~cs61c-ti Next year: Forget Elmo Get a Robot
More informationLecture 15 Networking Fundamentals. Today s Plan
Lecture 15 Networking Fundamentals Slides attributed to Neil Spring Today s Plan Talk about networking in general Layers, Routing Specifically about IP and TCP Service model, what TCP provides Work our
More informationA closer look at network structure:
T1: Introduction 1.1 What is computer network? Examples of computer network The Internet Network structure: edge and core 1.2 Why computer networks 1.3 The way networks work 1.4 Performance metrics: Delay,
More informationInternet Routing. Review of Networking Principles. What s the Internet: nuts and bolts view. Communication links
Internet Routing Review of Networking Principles 1 What s the Internet: nuts and bolts view Millions of connected computing devices: hosts, end-systems PC s workstations, servers PDA s, phones, toasters
More informationInternet Routing. Review of Networking Principles
Internet Routing Review of Networking Principles 1 What s the Internet: nuts and bolts view Millions of connected computing devices: hosts, end-systems PC s workstations, servers PDA s, phones, toasters
More informationNetworking interview questions
Networking interview questions What is LAN? LAN is a computer network that spans a relatively small area. Most LANs are confined to a single building or group of buildings. However, one LAN can be connected
More informationChapter 2 Communicating Over the Network
Chapter 2 Communicating Over the Network Elements of Communication Communicating the Messages Continuous stream of bits 00101010100101010101010101010101010 I have to wait Single communications (e.g. video,
More informationInternet Architecture and Experimentation
Internet Architecture and Experimentation Today l Internet architecture l Principles l Experimentation A packet switched network Modern comm. networks are packet switched Data broken into packets, packet
More informationCS61C : Machine Structures
inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs61c CS61C : Machine Structures Lecture 36 I/O : Networks 2008-04-25 TA Brian Zimmer CS61C L36 I/O : Networks (1) inst.eecs/~cs61c-th NASA To Develop Small Satellites NASA has
More informationComputer Networks (Introduction to TCP/IP Protocols)
Network Security(CP33925) Computer Networks (Introduction to TCP/IP Protocols) 부산대학교공과대학정보컴퓨터공학부 Network Type Elements of Protocol OSI Reference Model OSI Layers What we ll learn today 2 Definition of
More informationReview. Review. Review. How to Send a Message over a Network? LAN LAN. LAN Routing Addressing Reliable Data Transfer Congestion Control LAN
Review Review Computer etworks Multiaccess or Shared Media Broadcast Switched Point-to-Point Packet Switched or Store-and-foward Circuit Switched Virtual Ciruit or Connection-Oriented Datagram or Connectionless
More informationComputer Networks Principles
Computer Networks Principles Introduction Prof. Andrzej Duda duda@imag.fr http://duda.imag.fr 1 Contents Introduction protocols and layered architecture encapsulation interconnection structures performance
More informationLecture 15: TCP over wireless networks. Mythili Vutukuru CS 653 Spring 2014 March 13, Thursday
Lecture 15: TCP over wireless networks Mythili Vutukuru CS 653 Spring 2014 March 13, Thursday TCP - recap Transport layer TCP is the dominant protocol TCP provides in-order reliable byte stream abstraction
More informationUniversity of Southern California EE450: Introduction to Computer Networks
University of Southern California EE450: Introduction to Computer Networks Catalog Description Network architectures; Layered protocols, Network service interface; Local Networks; long-haul Networks; Internal
More informationCMPE 150/L : Introduction to Computer Networks. Chen Qian Computer Engineering UCSC Baskin Engineering Lecture 18
CMPE 150/L : Introduction to Computer Networks Chen Qian Computer Engineering UCSC Baskin Engineering Lecture 18 1 Final project demo Please do the demo THIS week to the TAs. Or you are allowed to use
More informationChapter 2 Network Models 2.1
Chapter 2 Network Models 2.1 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Network Models n Network Architecture: n A) Hardware: at the core of any network;
More informationPrinciples behind data link layer services
Data link layer Goals: Principles behind data link layer services Error detection, correction Sharing a broadcast channel: Multiple access Link layer addressing Reliable data transfer, flow control: Done!
More informationBasics of datacommunication
Data communication I Lecture 1 Course Introduction About the course Basics of datacommunication How is information transported between digital devices? Essential data communication protocols Insight into
More informationLecture 20: Link Layer
Lecture 20: Link Layer COMP 332, Spring 2018 Victoria Manfredi Acknowledgements: materials adapted from Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach 7 th edition: 1996-2016, J.F Kurose and K.W. Ross, All Rights
More informationGoal and Outline. Computer Networking. What Do We Need? Today s Story Lecture 3: Packet Switched Networks Peter Steenkiste
Goal and Outline 15-441 15-641 Computer Networking Lecture 3: Packet Switched Networks Peter Steenkiste Fall 2016 www.cs.cmu.edu/~prs/15 441 F16 Goal: gain a basic understanding of how you can build a
More informationCisco Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)
Cisco 200-125 Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) http://killexams.com/pass4sure/exam-detail/200-125 Question: 769 Refer to exhibit: Which destination addresses will be used by Host A to send data
More informationLecture 12: Interconnection Networks. Topics: communication latency, centralized and decentralized switches, routing, deadlocks (Appendix E)
Lecture 12: Interconnection Networks Topics: communication latency, centralized and decentralized switches, routing, deadlocks (Appendix E) 1 Topologies Internet topologies are not very regular they grew
More informationComputer Network : Lecture Notes Nepal Engineering College Compiled by: Junior Professor: Daya Ram Budhathoki Nepal Engineering college, Changunarayan
Computer Network : Lecture Notes Nepal Engineering College Compiled by: Junior Professor: Daya Ram Budhathoki Nepal Engineering college, Changunarayan Chapter3: OSI Reference Model: Network Software: Network
More informationNetwork Protocols and Architectures
Network Protocols and Architectures Introduction 1 What s the Internet: nuts and bolts view Millions of connected computing devices: hosts, end-systems PC s workstations, servers PDA s, phones, toasters
More informationSYSTEMS ADMINISTRATION USING CISCO (315)
Page 1 of 11 Contestant Number: Time: Rank: SYSTEMS ADMINISTRATION USING CISCO (315) REGIONAL 2016 Multiple Choice: Multiple Choice (50 @ 10 points each) TOTAL POINTS (500 points) (500 points) Failure
More informationRMIT University. Data Communication and Net-Centric Computing COSC 1111/2061/1110. Lecture 8. Medium Access Control Methods & LAN
RMIT University Data Communication and Net-Centric Computing COSC 1111/2061/1110 Medium Access Control Methods & LAN Technology Slide 1 Lecture Overview During this lecture, we will Look at several Multiple
More informationNetwork Architecture. TOC Architecture
Network Architecture Introduction Layering Example Internet Layers First Look Layering Step by Step Downside of Layering Interconnecting Networks The Internet TOC Architecture Introduction Issues: Inter-operability
More informationCS 43: Computer Networks Switches and LANs. Kevin Webb Swarthmore College December 5, 2017
CS 43: Computer Networks Switches and LANs Kevin Webb Swarthmore College December 5, 2017 Ethernet Metcalfe s Ethernet sketch Dominant wired LAN technology: cheap $20 for NIC first widely used LAN technology
More informationCE693: Adv. Computer Networking
CE693: Adv. Computer Networking L-10 Wireless Broadcast Fall 1390 Acknowledgments: Lecture slides are from the graduate level Computer Networks course thought by Srinivasan Seshan at CMU. When slides are
More informationData Link Layer. Our goals: understand principles behind data link layer services: instantiation and implementation of various link layer technologies
Data Link Layer Our goals: understand principles behind data link layer services: link layer addressing instantiation and implementation of various link layer technologies 1 Outline Introduction and services
More informationNetworking and Internetworking 1
Networking and Internetworking 1 To do q q Networks and distributed systems Internet architecture xkcd Internet history Early days ~1960 ARPA sponsored research on computer networking to enable remote
More informationLayering in Networked computing. OSI Model TCP/IP Model Protocols at each layer
Layering in Networked computing OSI Model TCP/IP Model Protocols at each layer Learning outcomes Understand the need of layering in Networked computing Understand the OSI model and the tcp/ip model Understand
More informationLecture 26: Interconnects. James C. Hoe Department of ECE Carnegie Mellon University
18 447 Lecture 26: Interconnects James C. Hoe Department of ECE Carnegie Mellon University 18 447 S18 L26 S1, James C. Hoe, CMU/ECE/CALCM, 2018 Housekeeping Your goal today get an overview of parallel
More informationThe Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Application Services (Telnet, FTP, e-mail, WWW) Reliable Stream Transport (TCP) Unreliable Transport Service (UDP) Connectionless Packet Delivery Service (IP) Goals
More informationCHAPTER 17 - NETWORK AMD DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS
CHAPTER 17 - NETWORK AMD DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS OBJECTIVES Provide a high-level overview of distributed systems and the networks that interconnect them Discuss the general structure of distributed operating
More informationCIS 551 / TCOM 401 Computer and Network Security. Spring 2007 Lecture 7
CIS 551 / TCOM 401 Computer and Network Security Spring 2007 Lecture 7 Announcements Reminder: Project 1 is due on Thursday. 2/1/07 CIS/TCOM 551 2 Network Architecture General blueprints that guide the
More informationCSE 3214: Computer Network Protocols and Applications Network Layer
CSE 314: Computer Network Protocols and Applications Network Layer Dr. Peter Lian, Professor Department of Computer Science and Engineering York University Email: peterlian@cse.yorku.ca Office: 101C Lassonde
More informationLecture (03) Network Model
١ Lecture (03) Network Model By: Dr. Ahmed ElShafee Agenda Layering concept History Discovering the network layers Application Layer same layer interaction concept; Transport Layer Adjacent layer interaction
More informationPart 1: Introduction. Goal: Review of how the Internet works Overview
Part 1: Introduction Goal: Review of how the Internet works Overview Get context Get overview, feel of the Internet Application layer protocols and addressing Network layer / Routing Link layer / Example
More informationBlueGene/L. Computer Science, University of Warwick. Source: IBM
BlueGene/L Source: IBM 1 BlueGene/L networking BlueGene system employs various network types. Central is the torus interconnection network: 3D torus with wrap-around. Each node connects to six neighbours
More informationPage 1. Review: Internet Protocol Stack. Transport Layer Services. Design Issue EEC173B/ECS152C. Review: TCP
EEC7B/ECS5C Review: Internet Protocol Stack Review: TCP Application Telnet FTP HTTP Transport Network Link Physical bits on wire TCP LAN IP UDP Packet radio Transport Layer Services Design Issue Underlying
More informationLesson 1: Network Communications
Lesson 1: Network Communications This lesson introduces the basic building blocks of network communications and some of the structures used to construct data networks. There are many different kinds of
More informationOSI Reference Model. Computer Networks lab ECOM Prepared By : Eng. Motaz Murtaja Eng. Ola Abd Elatief
Islamic University of Gaza Faculty of Engineering Computer Engineering Department Computer Networks lab ECOM 4121 OSI Reference Model Prepared By : Eng. Motaz Murtaja Eng. Ola Abd Elatief May /2010 OSI
More informationBasic Low Level Concepts
Course Outline Basic Low Level Concepts Case Studies Operation through multiple switches: Topologies & Routing v Direct, indirect, regular, irregular Formal models and analysis for deadlock and livelock
More informationNetworking and TCP/IP. John Kalbach November 8, 2004
Networking and TCP/IP John Kalbach kalbach@psu.edu November 8, 2004 Topology Bus Ethernet, Wireless Star ATM, Switched Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet Ring Token Ring, FDDI DS Digital Signals Speeds DS 0 64Kbs
More informationThe OSI Model. Open Systems Interconnection (OSI). Developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
Network Models The OSI Model Open Systems Interconnection (OSI). Developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Model for understanding and developing computer-to-computer communication
More informationIntroduction to computer networking
edge core Introduction to computer networking Comp Sci 3600 Security Outline edge core 1 2 edge 3 core 4 5 6 The edge core Outline edge core 1 2 edge 3 core 4 5 6 edge core Billions of connected computing
More informationL12: end to end layer
L12: end to end layer Dina Katabi 6.033 Spring 2007 http://web.mit.edu/6.033 Some slides are from lectures by Nick Mckeown, Ion Stoica, Frans Kaashoek, Hari Balakrishnan, Sam Madden, and Robert Morris
More informationReminder: Datalink Functions Computer Networking. Datalink Architectures
Reminder: Datalink Functions 15-441 15 441 15-641 Computer Networking Lecture 5 Media Access Control Peter Steenkiste Fall 2015 www.cs.cmu.edu/~prs/15-441-f15 Framing: encapsulating a network layer datagram
More informationPage 1. Review: Internet Protocol Stack. Transport Layer Services EEC173B/ECS152C. Review: TCP. Transport Layer: Connectionless Service
EEC7B/ECS5C Review: Internet Protocol Stack Review: TCP Application Telnet FTP HTTP Transport Network Link Physical bits on wire TCP LAN IP UDP Packet radio Do you remember the various mechanisms we have
More informationComponent Function Example
Network Components Component Names Component Function Example Application, or app, user Uses the network Skype, itunes, Amazon Host, or end-system, edge device, node, source, sink Router, or switch, node,
More informationPrinciples behind data link layer services:
Data link layer Goals: Principles behind data link layer services: Error detection, correction Sharing a broadcast channel: Multiple access Link layer addressing Reliable data transfer, flow control Example
More informationPrinciples behind data link layer services:
Data link layer Goals: Principles behind data link layer services: Error detection, correction Sharing a broadcast channel: Multiple access Link layer addressing Reliable data transfer, flow control Example
More informationTransport Protocols Reading: Sections 2.5, 5.1, and 5.2
Transport Protocols Reading: Sections 2.5, 5.1, and 5.2 CE443 - Fall 1390 Acknowledgments: Lecture slides are from Computer networks course thought by Jennifer Rexford at Princeton University. When slides
More informationExamination 2D1392 Protocols and Principles of the Internet 2G1305 Internetworking 2G1507 Kommunikationssystem, fk SOLUTIONS
Examination 2D1392 Protocols and Principles of the Internet 2G1305 Internetworking 2G1507 Kommunikationssystem, fk Date: January 17 th 2006 at 14:00 18:00 SOLUTIONS 1. General (5p) a) Draw the layered
More information4. Networks. in parallel computers. Advances in Computer Architecture
4. Networks in parallel computers Advances in Computer Architecture System architectures for parallel computers Control organization Single Instruction stream Multiple Data stream (SIMD) All processors
More informationNetworking for Data Acquisition Systems. Fabrice Le Goff - 14/02/ ISOTDAQ
Networking for Data Acquisition Systems Fabrice Le Goff - 14/02/2018 - ISOTDAQ Outline Generalities The OSI Model Ethernet and Local Area Networks IP and Routing TCP, UDP and Transport Efficiency Networking
More informationIntroduction to Networks
Introduction to Networks Khaled Harras School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University 15-349 Computer and Network Security Fall 2012 Some material borrowed from Hui Zhang and Adrian Perrig 1 Early
More informationChapter 4: network layer. Network service model. Two key network-layer functions. Network layer. Input port functions. Router architecture overview
Chapter 4: chapter goals: understand principles behind services service models forwarding versus routing how a router works generalized forwarding instantiation, implementation in the Internet 4- Network
More information