Integrating WX WAN Optimization with Netscreen Firewall/VPN

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1 Application Note Integrating WX WAN Optimization with Netscreen Firewall/VPN Joint Solution for Firewall/VPN and WX Platforms Alan Sardella Portfolio Marketing Choh Mun Kok and Jaymin Patel Lab Configuration Juniper Networks, Inc North Mathilda Avenue Sunnyvale, CA USA or 888 JUNIPER Part Number: August 2005

2 Contents Contents...2 Introduction...3 About WX Deployment...3 High Level Network Diagram...4 Procedures and Expected Results...6 Inline Integration: Configuration and Packet Header Transitions...6 Packet Interception Mode: Configuration and Packet Header Transitions...7 Firewall/VPN Configuration Notes...9 Routing Table...9 Policies...10 WX Configuration Notes...10 Failover Use Cases Performed on this Configuration...11 Both WX Operational...12 Failure of WX Running Packet Interception Mode...12 Failure of Both WX Devices...12 Conclusion...12 For More Information...12 Appendix A: Configurations...13 Firewall/VPN: Inline Mode Configuration...13 Firewall/VPN: Off-Path Configuration (Packet Interception Mode) Copyright 2005, Juniper Networks, Inc.

3 Introduction A distributed enterprise needs both encryption and optimization to operate securely and with high performance. Juniper Networks provides a solution for both of these requirements in the use of WX application acceleration platforms for optimizing application performance across the WAN and Firewall/VPN security devices for IPSec encryption. The WX normally is placed on the internal LAN (trusted) side of the firewall, but because the WX encapsulates traffic into IP tunnels, it hides information about those packets from the firewall. Putting the WX on the WAN (untrusted) side of the firewall solves this problem; however, if the firewall is also providing encryption services, then the WX cannot optimize traffic received from it, since encrypted traffic cannot be optimized (accelerated or compressed). The virtual routing capabilities of Firewall/VPN platforms allow IPSec encryption on the sending end, and termination on the receiving end, with full integration to WX so that traffic is optimized before encryption and uncompressed after the IPSec tunnel terminates. The solution uses only a single Firewall/VPN and WX WAN acceleration platform at each site. There is another option illustrated here called Packet Interception Mode (PI mode), which is essentially a tap mode that can be integrated into any existing topology without disrupting the physical topology. This has the advantage of easy installation, and it allows customers to deploy fewer devices if there are multiple upstream LANs being served by a given switch or router. However, PI mode may in some cases be less flexible than the inline technique; for example, there may be restrictions in terms of tunneling traffic that doesn t actually need to be encapsulated, or interfering with ICMP debugging tools such as Traceroute. This application note describes a reference network built in the Juniper TAC for this integrated solution. This integration is obtained using standard configurations for the WX and Firewall/VPN platforms. There are some special considerations that are noted within this application note. In addition to detailed configuration notes and IP packet header transitions, this application note also describes failover testing for the WX platform. About WX Deployment As a rule, WX deployment is very simple; at each site on either end of the WAN, WX is typically installed on the LAN side of routers, with no routing changes and an automatic installation (configuration) option. The following diagram illustrates how the WX platform typically integrates into an existing enterprise network. Copyright 2005, Juniper Networks, Inc. 3

4 Figure 1: How WX Integrates into an Enterprise Network WX has a fault-tolerant bypass mode and integrates easily into high availability environments and load-balanced networks. WX can be deployed in point-to-point and multipoint networks, can coexist with any WAN connection, and operates with private IP, VPNs or MPLS networks. However, IPSec encryption is often required of traffic traversing the WAN, and so the WX integrates with the Firewall/VPN module to allow encryption of optimized traffic and to resolve the expansion of optimized (compressed) traffic after the IPSec tunnel is terminated on the receiving end. This integration takes place with the virtualization capabilities of the Netscreen firewall/vpn, using a feature called multiple virtual routers. Multiple virtual routers have a critical role to play in the higher levels of virtualization in integrated firewall/vpn solutions. By providing segmentation between routing domains, virtual routers allow firewall/vpn devices to integrate neatly with application acceleration devices such as the WX WAN optimization platforms. High Level Network Diagram The following figure illustrates the integration of WX and Firewall/VPN in two forms. One is the Packet Interception Mode (PIM), which is a tap mode and the other is true inline integration, where the WX has interfaces into two separate virtual routing instances. Note: There are three PI modes for WX: Route Injection, Web Cache Communications Protocol (WCCP), and Policy Based Routing. For this configuration (integration with firewall/vpn), only the Route Injection mode is supported. 4 Copyright 2005, Juniper Networks, Inc.

5 The testing for this application note was performed with the following security hardware/software: Juniper Networks NS-208 Firewall/VPN ScreenOS Version 5.2.0r2 WX-250 with WXOS Version Figure 2: WAN Optimization with Integrated Security With either inline integration or packet interception mode, there are two levels of tunneling that take place: As part of normal WX operations, an inner tunnel is established between WX devices on either end of a WAN link, so that all optimization that takes place on one of the link can be correspondingly reestablished to the original traffic on the other end of the link. The IPSec traffic between the firewalls on either end of the WAN link forms the outer tunnel On the receiving end, the extra headers (for the WX and for the Firewall/VPN) are removed and the original packet is forwarded to the host. This is described below in the Life of a Packet sections. Copyright 2005, Juniper Networks, Inc. 5

6 Procedures and Expected Results The following sections describe important aspects of the setup of this configuration, for both inline and off-path integration. Inline Integration: Configuration and Packet Header Transitions The following diagram shows the WX and Firewall/VPN inline integration. Figure 3: WX and NS-25 Inline Integration Detail With inline integration, there are three virtual routing domains set up within the Firewall/VPN: 1: The Trust-VR connecting to the LAN, with an additional interface into the WX; in Figure 3, the client connects to E1 and E2 connects to the WX 2: The WX-VR connecting the WX (which is setup as a Layer 2 device with Ethernet ports) via interface E3; this VR tunnels traffic going to the WAN to the Untrust-VR (this tunnel is used for unencrypted, IPSec-terminated traffic on the return path) 3: The Untrust-VR applies IPSec encryption to the client traffic before sending it over the WAN; on the return path, IPSec connections are terminated and the unencrypted traffic is tunneled to the WX-VR, where it is routed to the Trust-VR (after going through the WX to resolve any optimization) and subsequently to the host. Note: If the unit is directly connected as shown above, there must be one crossover cable connected to one of the WX s port. Thus, if a problem occurs (such as a power outage on the WX), the bypass relay kicks in. 6 Copyright 2005, Juniper Networks, Inc.

7 The default route within the Trust-VR goes to the WX-VR. The existence of the WX is transparent to the virtual routing domains on the firewall/vpn. It is just as if there was a tunnel established between DMZ2 (in Trust-VR) and DMZ1 (in WX-VR), but in fact the only interface out DMZ2 is through the WX. The WX has two routes in its routing table. One is to the local host (in practice this would be a network under which all supported hosts are accessible), and the other is a default route to the interface on DMZ1 (in routing domain WX-VR). The routing table in WX-VR has a route established to the far-end host (again, this would be a network at the remote site in a true application), and a route back to the local host via the Trust-VR. The following description highlights the IP header transitions from client to server and back again, with an inline integration solution. This assumes that both WX platforms are integrated inline with the Firewall/VPN devices, with interfaces into the WX-VR and the Trust-VR. Regarding Figure 3, assume that a packet is sent from the client (at A) to the server (at F). The life of a packet as it transitions the network in this direction is detailed in the following table. Table 1: IP Packet Header Transitions for Inline Integration Location Source Destination Notes A Initial transmit of packet from host to host. No compression or encryption as yet. B No change as yet. Packet is routed from Trust-VR to WX-VR but transitions through the WX. C First level of tunneling (inner tunneling). Various optimizations (including compression) may be performed on the packet and the packet is tunneled between the local WX and the one at the remote site. Original IP header becomes part of the payload. A new session is created at interface E3, and the packet is sent through a tunnel subinterface to the Untrust-VR. D After the packet is sent from WX-VR to Untrust-VR it is encrypted with IPSec. In the second (outer) level of tunneling, an Encapsulated Security Payload (ESP) header is added to the packet and the header in C above becomes part of the payload. E The firewall VPN terminates the IPSec connection and decrypt the packet, sending the same packet in C to the WX. F The WX resolves any modifications to the packet that made it smaller for the WAN link, and sends it back to the Firewall/VPN (in a VR handling unencrypted traffic) which sends it on to the host. Packet Interception Mode: Configuration and Packet Header Transitions The following diagram illustrates the WX and Firewall/VPN off-path integration using PI mode with route injection. PI mode makes it easier for network operators to deploy WX in any network architecture. Typically, WX traffic management systems are used directly in the signal path. However, in some network architectures featuring a collapsed router/switch architecture or highavailability, mesh architecture, this approach may not be ideal. Thus, PI mode permits Copyright 2005, Juniper Networks, Inc. 7

8 operators to deploy WX without changing the default gateway. The PI mode comes in route injection, Web cache and external-mode options, although, as stated above, only route injection is illustrated in this application note (see the configuration below for Firewall/VPN: Off-Path Configuration in Packet Interception Mode). Figure 4: WX and NS-25 Off- Path Integration (Packet Interception Mode) Details In this configuration, there are only two virtual routing domains: a Trust-VR and an Untrust- VR. These are the default routing domains on the Juniper Networks firewall/vpn devices. The WX connection to the E2 interface, which is assigned to the Trust-VR, is bidirectional. The routing table within the WX is set up so that traffic can reach the host network via the interface in the DMZ zone in the Trust-VR. The Trust-VR contains a default route (via the DMZ zone s interface) to the Untrust-VR. Traffic taking this route will be IPSec-encrypted before being transmitted out to the WAN. In a similar manner to the above discussion for inline integration, the IP packet header transitions for packet interception mode are shown below. Table 2: IP Packet Header Transitions for Packet Interception Mode (Off-Path) Location Source Destination Notes A Initial transmit of packet from host to host. No compression or encryption as yet. B The packet takes the default route to E2, which is connected to the WX. No change in the header. Packet is sent from the Trust zone to the DMZ, and then takes the default route from the DMZ to the Untrust virtual routing domain. Before going to the Untrust domain, it goes to the WX. 8 Copyright 2005, Juniper Networks, Inc.

9 C First level of tunneling (inner tunneling). Various optimizations (including compression) may be performed on the packet and the header is changed with the new source and destination addresses. D After the packet is sent from WX-VR to Untrust-VR it is encrypted with IPSec. In the second (outer) level of tunneling, an Encapsulated Security Payload (ESP) header is added to the packet and the header in C above becomes part of the payload. E The firewall VPN terminates the IPSec connection and unencrypts the packet, sending the same packet in C to the WX. F The WX resolves any modifications to the packet that made it smaller for the WAN link, and sends it back to the Firewall/VPN (in the Trust VR) which sends it on to the host. Firewall/VPN Configuration Notes Full configurations for the Firewall/VPN devices are given in Appendix A. Routing Table The routing table for all of the virtual routing instances in the firewall/vpn configured for inline integration follows. Note: The output of the get route commands divides up according to the three virtual routing instances: Trust-VR, WX-VR, and Untrust-VR. Annotations for relevant route entries are in blue, before the route entry being described. C2-17-> get route H: Host C: Connected S: Static A: Auto-Exported I: Imported R: RIP P: Permanent ib: IBGP eb: EBGP O: OSPF E1: OSPF external type 1 E2: OSPF external type 2 Dest-Routes for <trust-vr> (7 entries) ID IP-Prefix Interface Gateway P Pref Mtr Vsys ! If E2 is down, bypass the WX (failure mode) * /0 n/a untrust-vr S Root! Used to manage the far end WX * /32 n/a wx-vr S 20 0 Root * /32 eth H 0 0 Root * /32 eth H 0 0 Root * /24 eth C 0 0 Root * /24 eth C 0 0 Root * /24 eth S 20 1 Root Dest-Routes for <wx-vr> (8 entries) ID IP-Prefix Interface Gateway P Pref Mtr * /32 tun H 0 0! Send all traffic to the Untrust VR * /0 n/a untrust-vr S 20 0 * /32 eth H 0 0 Copyright 2005, Juniper Networks, Inc. 9

10 * /24 eth C 0 0! Use when the WX tunnel is down * /24 eth S 20 1! Use to manage the far end WX when WX encapsulates data in UDP * /24 tun S 20 1! If WX is down, use to encrypt data using IPSec * /24 tun S 20 1 * /24 tun C 0 0 Dest-Routes for <untrust-vr> (5 entries) ID IP-Prefix Interface Gateway P Pref Mtr Vsys ! Send traffic to the Internet * /0 eth S 20 1 Root * /32 eth H 0 0 Root * /24 eth C 0 0 Root! Drop traffic to protected network! Traffic will arrive in Untrust-VR when both WX and tunnel are down * /24 null S Root Policies The policies between the zones for the Firewall/VPN that is inline follow. C2-17-> get pol Total regular policies 6, Default deny. ID From To Src-address Dst-address Service! Use to permit the traffic from the source to the WX to do compression 1 Trust dmz2 Any Any ANY 2 dmz1 Untrust Any Any ANY 5 dmz1 Trust Any Any ANY 6 Trust dmz1 Any Any ANY! Use to permit the traffic coming from the remote WX device 7 dmz2 Trust Any Any ANY The policies between the zones for the Firewall/VPN that is in PI mode follow. C2-18-> get pol l regular policies 3, Default deny. ID From To Src-address Dst-address Service! Use to permit the traffic from the source to the WX 1 Trust DMZ Any Any ANY 2 DMZ Untrust Any Any ANY! Use to permit the traffic coming from the remote WX 3 DMZ Trust Any Any ANY Note: These policies are of course only valid for this lab (permit any/any would not be a normal production policy for these zones. WX Configuration Notes In an inline mode, the WX needs to have the following command turned on: 10 Copyright 2005, Juniper Networks, Inc.

11 configure reduction set assembly-source-mac-mode copy-source commit This can be enabled via the CLI, which can be accessed via the console, SSH or the UI. In the UI, it is available at Admin Tools Command Line Interface. The screen to configure the WX into the PI mode is shown below Figure 5: Configuring PIM with RIP Injection (PI mode) Failover Use Cases Performed on this Configuration When either one (or both) of the WX platforms fails over, it does so in an open mode, so that it is not traffic affecting. This is also the case when the WX is tightly integrated with the firewall/vpn as in this application note. The Juniper Networks TAC lab performed the following failover use cases on this configuration: Both WX Operational Failure of WX Running Packet Interception Mode Failure of Both WX Devices In all of these use cases, the network was set up similarly to Figure 2 (with details in Figures 3 and 4). Copyright 2005, Juniper Networks, Inc. 11

12 Both WX Operational The Firewall/VPN attached to the WX in packet interception mode needs to change the route preference for static routes to be less preferred: set vr trust preference static 120. This ensures that the RIP routes will have priority over static routes. (RIP is the routing protocol supported on the WX.) This test was then repeated with ARP turned off on both Firewall/VPNs. FTP file transmissions were verified in all of these test cases. Failure of WX Running Packet Interception Mode The main difference between this test and the one where both WX platforms were operational was that on the WX device in packet interception mode, the assembler and reducer (these are optimization functions on the WX; see the technical documentation for more information) was turned off. A subsequent version of this test was run with ARP disabled on the Firewall/VPN devices. All tests performed in these configurations were also successful. Note: This is a situation where the RIP hold down timer (on both devices participating in RIP routing) can be optimized for faster convergence. Failure of Both WX Devices In this test, the assemblers and reducers on both WX devices were turned off. These tests were successful. Conclusion As network and application IT efforts converge, the value of a virtualized architecture becomes more apparent. Network architects who have strived to maintain efficient use of underlying resources know the value of virtualization. In this application, the virtual routing capabilities of Firewall/VPN devices allow tight integration with WX WAN devices, so that the WX platform can optimize unencrypted traffic, and the firewall/vpn can apply the encryption, all with a single Firewall/VPN and WX on each end of a link. For More Information For more information on the WX Application Acceleration platforms, see the product literature at: For more information on the Firewall/IPSec VPN devices described in this application note, see the product literature at: For more information on the benefits of Virtualization including the Virtual Router support in Firewall/VPN products, see the white paper entitled, Virtualization Technologies Overview at: 12 Copyright 2005, Juniper Networks, Inc.

13 Appendix A: Configurations Configurations follow. Firewall/VPN: Inline Mode Configuration # Virtual Routers and Zones set vrouter name "wx-vr" id 1025 unset vrouter "wx-vr" auto-route-export set zone "Trust" vrouter "trust-vr" set zone "Untrust" vrouter "untrust-vr" set zone "DMZ" vrouter "trust-vr" set zone id 1000 "dmz2" set zone id 1001 "dmz1" set zone "dmz1" vrouter "wx-vr" set zone "Trust" tcp-rst set zone "Untrust" block unset zone "Untrust" tcp-rst # Interfaces set interface "ethernet1" zone "Trust" set interface "ethernet2" zone "dmz2" set interface "ethernet3" zone "dmz1" set interface "ethernet4" zone "Untrust" set interface "tunnel.1" zone "dmz1" set interface ethernet1 ip /24 set interface ethernet1 route set interface ethernet2 ip /24 set interface ethernet2 route set interface ethernet3 ip /24 set interface ethernet3 route set interface ethernet4 ip /24 set interface ethernet4 route set interface tunnel.1 ip /24 set interface ethernet1 ip manageable set interface ethernet2 ip manageable set interface ethernet3 ip manageable set interface ethernet4 ip manageable set interface ethernet2 manage ping set interface ethernet3 manage ping set interface ethernet4 manage ping unset flow no-tcp-seq-check set flow tcp-syn-check set arp always-on-dest # IPSec VPN Configuration set ike gateway "p1-wx" address Main outgoing-interface "ethernet4" preshare "SnfRDqoENXXwEzsWJpCKI+JZ7CnYJYpWyQ==" sec-level standard set ike respond-bad-spi 1 set vpn "p2-wx" gateway "p1-wx" no-replay tunnel idletime 0 sec-level standard set vpn "p2-wx" monitor optimized rekey set vpn "p2-wx" id 1 bind interface tunnel.1 set vpn "p2-wx" proxy-id local-ip /32 remote-ip /32 "ANY" # Policies Copyright 2005, Juniper Networks, Inc. 13

14 set policy id 1 from "Trust" to "dmz2" "Any" "Any" "ANY" permit set policy id 2 from "dmz1" to "Untrust" "Any" "Any" "ANY" permit log set policy id 5 from "dmz1" to "Trust" "Any" "Any" "ANY" permit set policy id 6 from "Trust" to "dmz1" "Any" "Any" "ANY" permit set policy id 7 from "dmz2" to "Trust" "Any" "Any" "ANY" permit log # Routing Configuration set vrouter "untrust-vr set route /0 interface ethernet4 gateway set route /24 interface null metric set vrouter "trust-vr" unset add-default-route set route /24 interface ethernet2 gateway set route /32 vrouter "wx-vr" preference 20 set route /0 vrouter "untrust-vr" preference 20 metric set vrouter "wx-vr" set route /24 interface tunnel.1 set route /24 interface tunnel.1 set route /24 interface ethernet3 gateway set route /0 vrouter "untrust-vr" preference 20 Firewall/VPN: Off-Path Configuration (Packet Interception Mode) # Virtual Routers and Zones # Can just use defaults no new vrouters or zones # Interfaces set interface "ethernet1" zone "Trust" set interface "ethernet2" zone "DMZ" set interface "ethernet3" zone "Null" set interface "ethernet4" zone "Untrust" set interface "tunnel.1" zone "DMZ" set interface ethernet1 ip /24 set interface ethernet1 route set interface ethernet2 ip /24 set interface ethernet2 route set interface ethernet4 ip /24 set interface ethernet4 route set interface tunnel.1 ip /24 set interface ethernet1 ip manageable set interface ethernet2 ip manageable set interface ethernet4 ip manageable set interface ethernet4 manage ping unset flow no-tcp-seq-check set flow tcp-syn-check set arp always-on-dest # VPN set ike gateway "p1-wx" address Main outgoing-interface "ethernet4" preshare "NA6QtQisNWnLTQsgVMC7UQ8tq5nTpUU/Qg==" sec-level standard set ike respond-bad-spi 1 set vpn "p2-wx" gateway "p1-wx" no-replay tunnel idletime 0 sec-level standard set vpn "p2-wx" monitor optimized rekey set vpn "p2-wx" id 1 bind interface tunnel.1 14 Copyright 2005, Juniper Networks, Inc.

15 # Policies set policy id 1 from "Trust" to "DMZ" "Any" "Any" "ANY" permit set policy id 2 from "DMZ" to "Untrust" "Any" "Any" "ANY" permit set policy id 3 from "DMZ" to "Trust" "Any" "Any" "ANY" permit set vpn "p2-wx" proxy-id local-ip /32 remote-ip /32 "ANY" set vrouter "untrust-vr" # Routing set route /0 interface ethernet4 gateway set route /24 interface null metric set route /24 vrouter "trust-vr" preference 20 set vrouter "trust-vr" set preference static 120 unset add-default-route set route /24 interface tunnel.1 set route /24 interface tunnel.1 set route /0 vrouter "untrust-vr" preference 20 set interface ethernet2 protocol rip set interface ethernet2 protocol rip enable set vrouter "untrust-vr" set vrouter "trust-vr" exit Copyright 2005, Juniper Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. Juniper Networks and the Juniper Networks logo are registered trademarks of Juniper Networks, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All other trademarks, service marks, registered trademarks, or registered service marks in this document are the property of Juniper Networks or their respective owners. All specifications are subject to change without notice. Juniper Networks assumes no responsibility for any inaccuracies in this document or for any obligation to update information in this document. Juniper Networks reserves the right to change, modify, transfer, or otherwise revise this publication without notice. Copyright 2005, Juniper Networks, Inc. 15

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