IEEE Overview (2)

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1 Wireless LANs December 2011 March 2012 IEEE Overview (2) รศ. ดร. อน นต ผลเพ ม Assoc. Prof. Anan Phonphoem, Ph.D. Intelligent Wireless Network Group (IWING Lab) Computer Engineering Department Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand 1

2 Outline IEEE 802 Standards IEEE Overview IEEE Services History and present of IEEE

3 IEEE Family Standards Band (GHz) Raw Throughput Typical Throughput Mbps (Legacy) 1 Mbps a 5 54 Mbps 20 Mbps b Mbps 5 Mbps g Mbps 20 Mbps n 2.4 / 5 300, 600 Mbps 130 Mbps ac < 6 1 Gbps? 3

4 IEEE Family Task Group Descriptions c Improves interoperability d Multiple Regulatory Domains (Improve Roaming; New country) e Quality of Service (QoS); prioritizing voice or video f Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP) h Supports measuring and managing the 5-GHz radio signals in a i Enhanced Security (repairs WEP weakness) j Extensions for Japan k Passing specific radio frequency health and management data to higher-level management apps. 4

5 IEEE Family IEEE p - WAVE - Wireless Access for the Vehicular Env. (e.g. ambulances and passenger cars) (working - 09?) IEEE r - Fast roaming (08) IEEE s - Mesh Networking, Extended Service Set (ESS) IEEE T - Wireless Performance Prediction (WPP) (cancel?) IEEE u - Interworking with non-802 networks (for example, cellular) (proposal evaluation - March 2010?) IEEE v - Wireless network management (early stages ?) IEEE w - Protected Management Frames (early stages ?) IEEE y MHz Operation in the U.S. (2008) (from a to 3.7 GHz) IEEE z: Extensions to Direct Link Setup (DLS) (September 2010) 5

6 On the way IEEE aa: Robust streaming of Audio Video Transport Streams (~ March 2012) IEEE ac: Very High Throughput <6 GHz (~ December 2012) n improvement better modulation scheme (expected ~10% throughput increase) wider channels (80 or even 160 MHz) multi user MIMO IEEE ad: Very High Throughput 60 GHz (~ Dec 2012) IEEE ae: QoS Management (~ Dec 2011) IEEE af: TV Whitespace (~ Mar 2012) IEEE ah: Sub 1Ghz (~ July 2013) IEEE ai: Fast Initial Link Setup (~ Sep 2014) 6

Wireless System Roadmap Intelligent Wireless Network Group (IWING) http://www.

7 Wireless System Roadmap Intelligent Wireless Network Group (IWING) CPE Department, Kasetsart University

Other Security QoS Radio History: WLAN Technology Roadmap WLAN

11n WME (edcf) 802.11e VoIP & streaming support WEP 802.

11i (AES) Strong AES encryption Port-based authentication Past

8 Other Security QoS Radio History: WLAN Technology Roadmap WLAN standards will emphasize throughput, QoS, security & management Wi-Fi b g a n Migration to dual-band Faster data rates with.11n WME (edcf) e VoIP & streaming support WEP 802.1x WPA (TKIP) i (AES) Strong AES encryption Port-based authentication Past Cisco CCXv1 CCXv CCXv d h k 2005 Cisco interoperability Measurements & regulatory 2006 By Randy Kendzior, Dell, Inc. September 24,

9 WPAN WLAN BWA WWAN Increasing Range and Mobility History: Wireless Technology Roadmap GSM GPRS 115 kbps CDMA2000 1xRTT Wi-Fi b 11 Mbps g a 54 Mbps EDGE 384 kbps 1xEV-DO WCDMA (UMTS) 2 Mbps n 1xEV-DV 100+ Mbps HSPDA 144 kbps 2.4 Mbps 3.1 Mbps WiMAX a 2-60 Mbps e MobileFi Bluetooth Mbps Past Zigbee Bluetooth Kbps 2004 Bluetooth Bluetooth EDR 2.x 3 Mbps Zigbee Mbps UWB a 100 Mbps NG UWB 480 Mbps By Randy Kendzior, Dell, Inc.September 24,

Wireless evolution (2011) http://electronicdesign.

10 Wireless evolution (2011) Louis E. Frenzel, June 01,

11 IEEE Standards s Mesh p WAVE MAC PHY ( 99) MAC + 2Mbps PHY b ( 99) 11 Mbps 2.4GHz PHY h DFS & TPC i Security f Inter AP a ( 99) 54 Mbps 5GHz PHY g 54 Mbps 2.4GHz PHY r Fast Roam e QoS k RRM m Maint u WIEN SG v WNM n High Throughput (>100 Mbps) Current work T Test Methods CBP SG APF SG Study groups Published By Peng Yan, Tampere University of Technology, 12/4/

12 History: Legacy 1997: First standard Standard name: IEEE Updated: IEEE Starting Point for Standard-based WLAN Radio and infrared medium For 2 Mbps: (fallback to 1 Mbps Noisy): Direct sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) modulation For 1-2 Mbps Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) Both DSSS and FHSS operate in ISM band 2.4 GHz 12

13 802.11b b-1999 Range m. (depends on obstacles) Omni-directional antenna Indoor / Outdoor / Point-to-point (high-gain external antennas) Max throughput of 11 Mbps fallback 5.5, 2 and 1 Mbps 13

14 802.11b Attenuation: Metal, Thick walls, Water, etc. ISM Band 2.4 GHz DSSS CSMA/CA 14 overlapping channels Different channels for different countries 3 simultaneously channels E.g. 1, 6, and 11 14

15 802.11b Channels Japan 12 & 13 Not for US 15

16 802.11a 2001 (802.11a-1999) Max throughput of 54 Mbps Typical throughput around 20 Mbps ISM Band 5 GHz OFDM CSMA/CA 16

17 802.11a 12 nonoverlapping channels, 8 dedicated to indoor 4 to point to point Not widely deployed (US. / Japan) b popularity Less range / More attenuation Lack of roll back compatibility (now support a,b,and g) In Europe considering HiperLan2 17

18 Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) Radio frequency spectrum used by a devices U-NII Low (U-NII-1) GHz Require use of an integrated antenna Power limited to 50mW U-NII Mid (U-NII-2) GHz Allow for a user-installable antenna (radar avoidance) Power limited to 250mW 18

19 Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) U-NII Upper (U-NII-3) to GHz Sometimes referred to as U-NII / ISM due to overlap with the ISM band Allow for a user-installable antenna Power limited to 1W U-NII Worldwide GHz Both outdoor and indoor (radar avoidance) Power limited to 250mW 19

20 802.11a Channels 20

21 802.11g 3 rd quarter 2003 ISM Band 2.4 GHz Max throughput of 54 Mbps (Net 24.7 Mbps) Fully backwards compatible with b OFDM CSMA/CA 21

22 802.11g Channels Same as b 22

23 802.11n Established in Sep Competing Alliances (for the draft n) Task group n synchronization (TGn Sync) World Wide Spectrum Efficiency (WWiSE) Both agree on the usage of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna technology Mostly differences on channel bandwidth allocation, PHY (OFDM) and MAC Max throughput (MAC SAP) 100 Mbps 23

24 Status n June 2007 Draft 2.0 (Official device) Draft N, Pre-N May08 Draft 4.0, Jan09 Draft 7.0, May09 Draft 10.0 (Working) Qualcomm introduces WCN1312 (June 2009) Single-Chip n Wireless LAN Solution for Handsets and Mobile Devices 2.4 GHz, data rates up to 72 Mbps Data rates up to 600 Mbps Achieved with max of four spatial streams using a 40 MHz-wide channel 24

25 MIMO MIMO encoder divides 108 Mbps 2 x 54 Mbps Stream One antenna / stream on same radio channel 25

MIMO-OFDM based IEEE802.11n http://www.merl.

26 MIMO-OFDM based IEEE802.11n MCS: modulation and coding schemes 26

27 Example of Max data rates Data rate (Mbit/s) MCS index Spatial streams Modulation type Coding rate 20 MHz channel 40 MHz channel 800 ns GI 400 ns GI 800 ns GI 400 ns GI 0 1 BPSK 1/ QPSK 1/ QPSK 1/ QPSK 3/ QAM 5/ QAM 2/ QAM 5/ GI: Guard interval 27

28 802.11n Channel Bandwidth TGn Sync uses 40 MHz channels in the 5 GHz spectrum, the same one used by a WWiSE prefers 20 MHz channels in the 2.4 GHz consistently used b/g spectrum 28

29 Application Comparison a/b/g focus on computer networking n interests on broad communication and entertainment areas Consumer applications like HDTV Streaming video Regular use for today 29

30 Non-overlapping Channels (2.4 GHz) 30

802.11 comparison Family 802.11 802.11b 802.11a 802.11g 802.11n Frequency 2400-2483.5 MHz 2400-2483.5Hz 5150-5250 MHz 5250-5350 MHz 5725-5825 MHz 2400-2483.5 MHz 2.4GHz and 5 GHz Band ISM ISM UNII ISM ISM, UNII Bandwidth 83.

31 comparison Family b a g n Frequency MHz Hz MHz MHz MHz MHz 2.4GHz and 5 GHz Band ISM ISM UNII ISM ISM, UNII Bandwidth 83.5 MHz 83.5 MHz 300 MHz 83.5 MHz Same Allocation Number of Channels FHSS: 79 ch DSSS: 3 or Same as b/a/g Channel Width 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz or 40MHz Standard year July 1997 Sep Sep March 2002 started Expected in October 2008 Modified from 31

32 comparison Family b a g n Max PHY rate 2 Mbps 11 Mbps 54 Mbps 54 Mbps 144 Mbps Up to 600 Data Throughput Mbps <1.2 Mbps < 5 Mbps < 32 Mbps < 32 Mbps <80Mbps, 11g <160 Mbps, 11a Fall-back 1, 2 1, 2, 5.5, 11 6, 9, 12, 18, 1, 2, 5.5, 11 NG WiFi Data Rate 24, 36, 48, 54 MAC CSMA/CA CSMA/CA CSMA/CA CSMA/CA CSMA/CA Modulation Technology FHSS DSSS DSSS OFDM DSSS OFDM DSSS OFDM/OFDMA With MIMO Max. Power 1000mw 1000mw 50, 250, 1000 mw Same (normal) (30mw) (30mw) 1000mw Modulation BPSK BPSK,QPSK, CCK BPSK, QPSK, QAM CCK, QAM Same Modified from 32

802.11 Wi-Fi Specification defined by IEEE (not compatibility guarantee) A special group, Wi-Fi Alliance Group of manufacturers Test compatibility

33 Wi-Fi Specification defined by IEEE (not compatibility guarantee) A special group, Wi-Fi Alliance Group of manufacturers Test compatibility Guarantee interoperability (by issue Wi-Fi Trademark) Start with b Dual band/tri mode (a, b, or g) or more n Security standard Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) 33

34 802.11e MAC Enhancements for Quality of Service in the capabilities and efficiency of the protocol VoIP, Video conferencing, Movie, 34

35 IEEE i Weakness reports in the WEP Create a larger number of initialization vectors for encryption Dropping WEP2 Change to Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) a key retains its security over a period of time Need 802.1x Authenticating method Some weaknesses (man-in-the-middle interception) 35

36 MeshDynamics Since 2002, 36

Alternate PHYs

Alternate PHYs A whitepaper by Ayman Mukaddam 2018, LLC Page 1 of 12 Contents Modern 802.11 Amendments... 3 Traditional PHYs Review (2.4 GHz and 5 GHz PHYs)... 3 802.11ad Directional Multi-Gigabit - DMG PHY... 4 Frequency