ADVANCED COMPUTERS NETWROKS. Lecture: 1 Instructor Mazhar Hussain

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1 ADVANCED COMPUTERS NETWROKS Lecture: 1 Instructor Mazhar Hussain 1

2 ADVANCED COMPUTERS NETWROKS Blog 2

3 COURSE OUTLINE The course will consist of : 16 lectures 2 assignments 2exams (1 midterm and 1 final) Grading Criteria: One Midterm: 25 % Final Exam: 50% Assignments /Quizzes/Presentations: 15% Attendance : 10% 3

4 Text Books: Computer.Networking.A.TopDown.Approach.6th.Editi ongeorge-coulouris- distributed-systems-concepts-and-design-5th-edition Reference Books: Data-and-computer-comm-8e-william-stallings 4

5 TODAY AGENDA What is meant by wireless and mobile communication? Wire Vs Wireless Communication Components of Data Communication Systems Effectiveness of Data Communication Systems Realtime / Delay Sensitive traffic Mobile IP, IPv4 and IPv6 5

6 DATA COMMUNICATION DEFINITION Data Communication is the exchange of Information from one entity to the other using a Transmission Medium 6

7 DATA COMMUNICATION Data Communication is the exchange of data (in the form of 0 s and 1 s) between two devices (computers) via some form of the transmission medium. 7

8 WIRELESS? A wireless LAN or WLAN is a wireless local area network that uses radio waves as its carrier. The last link with the users is wireless, to give a network connection to all users in a building or campus. The backbone network usually uses cables

9 EFFECTIVENESS OF DATA COMM. SYSTEM Effectiveness depends uponthree fundamental characteristics: Delivery Accuracy Timeliness 9

10 DATA COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 10

11 DATA COMMUNICATION SYSTEM A Data communication system is made up of 5 components: Message Sender Receiver Medium Protocol 11

12 MESSAGE TYPES 12

13 A Complex Data Comm. System 13

14 A Wireless Network is a set of devices (Nodes) connected by wireless 14 Communication NETWORKLinks

15 WHY NETWORKS? Point to point communication not usually practical Devices are too far apart Large set of devices would need impractical number of connections 15

16 WHY NETWORKS? Solution is to connect all devicesto a central system known as a NETWORK Two Main Classes ofnetworks Local Area Networks (LANs) Wide Area Network (WANs) 16

17 NETWORK CRITERIA Data Communication Network Criteria Performance Reliability Security 17

18 NETWORK CRITERIA Performance Number of Users Type of Transmission Medium Hardware Software 18

19 Reliability NETWORK CRITERIA Frequency of failure Recovery Time after Failure 19

20 NETWORK CRITERIA Security Unauthorized Access Viruses 20

21 PROTOCOLS Set of Rules Governing Communication 21

22 PROTOCOLS Protocols defines: What is Communicated? How, it is Communicated? When, it is Communicated? 22

23 PROTOCOLS Elements of a Protocol: Syntax Semantics Timing 23

24 UDP VS TCP UDP Low-level, connectionless No reliability guarantee TCP Connection-oriented Not as efficient as UDP

25 REAL TIME/ DELAY SENSITIVE TRAFFIC Audio Video Gaming traffic

26 WHAT IS AN IP ADDRESS A way to identify machines on a network A unique identifier 26

27 IP USAGE Used to connect to another computer Allows transfers of files and 27

28 IP STRUCTURE IP addresses consist of four sections Each section is 8 bits long Each section can range from 0 to 255 Written, for example,

29 IP STRUCTURE These four sections represent the machine itself and the network it is on The network portion is assigned. The host section is determined by the network administrator 29

30 IP STRUCTURE 5 Classes of IP address A B C D and E Class A reserved for governments Class B reserved for medium companies Class C reserved for small companies 30

31 IP STRUCTURE Class D are reserved for multicasting Class E are reserved for future use 31

32 IP STRUCTURE Class A begins 1 to 126 Class B begins 128 to 191 Class C begins 192 to

33 What is an IP Address? An IP address is a 32-bit address. The IP addresses are unique. 33

34 MOBILE IP MOBILE IPV4 (MIPV4) MOBILE IPV6 (MIPV6) 34

35 IETF RFCS MIP MIPv4: RFC 3344 (2002) MIPv6: RFC 3775 (2004)35 35

36 36

37 TODAY S INTERNET PROTOCOL Packets are routed to destinations based on IP address 37

38 APPLY TO MOBILE NETWORKING 38

39 APPLY TO MOBILE NETWORKING X

40 MOBILE IP APPROACH Mobile IP uses two IP addresses: Home address: The IP address assigned to the mobile node, making it logically appear attached to its home network. Care-of address: An IP address at the mobile node's current point of attachment to the Internet, when the mobile node is not attached to the home network. 40

41 MOBILE NETWORK TERMINOLOGY (1) Home network: The network at which the mobile node seems reachable, to the rest of the Internet, by virtue of its assigned IP address. Foreign network: The network to which the mobile node is attached when it is not attached to its home network, and on which the care-of address is reachable from the rest of the Internet. 41

42 MOBILE NETWORK TERMINOLOGY (2) Home agent: A router on the home network that effectively causes the mobile node to be reachable at its home address even when the mobile node is not attached to its home network. Foreign agent: A router on the foreign network that can assist the mobile node in receiving datagrams delivered to the care-of address. 42

43 HOW MOBILE IP WORKS HA 43

44 HOW MOBILE IP WORKS Discovering the care-of address Registering the care-of address Tunneling to the care-of address HA Register FA Discovery

45 MIPV4: OVERVIEW MIPv4 Nodes MN (Mobile Node): Host CN (Correspondent Node): Host HA (Home Agent): Router FA (Foreign Agent): Router MIPv4 Address HoA (Home Address): MN CoA (Care-of-Address): FA 45

46 Home Address (HoA) and Care-of Address (CoA) 46

47 Note: The home address is permanent; the care-of address changes as the mobile host moves from one network to another. 47

48 WIRED VS WIRELESS DISCUSSION

49 WIRED VS WIRELESS The distinction between these networks is definitely becoming less and less marked, and to an extent, network protocols and architectures may also have to move in that direction. Anything that will call itself "general networking" must necessarily include wireless networking There is still a big difference between wired and wireless networks in network/transport performance beyond raw link data rates

50 WIRED VS WIRELESS Wireless offers a different value proposition from wired networks: more about mobility and freedom and less about performance. Wireless enables new unique applications, so that users are willing to pay more per bps. The forthcoming explosion of wireless/mobile devices should drive the design of the global Internet in terms of core features such as naming, addressing, routing, content/location awareness, and security. There is an opportunity to merge, but this can only happen if there is cross-fertilization between communities.

51 WIRED VS WIRELESS Wireless is a very good access technology and lastresort long-haul technology, while wireline is a great long-haul technology and a good access technology and there's no reason to believe the broad respective merits of the two classes of technology will change in the near future. Wireless networks must be considered to be part of the network because that is the user, management, security, enterprise, economic, and perhaps regulatory model that exists, unless one believes in completely unwired global networks. Most new requirements of future networking will come out of the mobile and wireless area and goes beyond what is need only for wired networks

52 AREAS OF DICHOTOMY The research challenges lie in the fact that wireless networks are very niche and to an extent may prevent the adoption of more generalized concepts. Two examples are traffic loss, and management of some kinds of resources very different, e.g. power. A qualitatively different dichotomy is reflected in the the underlying broadcast nature of wireless that could be used to provide very different communications paradigms much more naturally than wired

53 AREAS OF DICHOTOMY Security, Naming and Mobility, routing and quality assurance, Management Administration-free, "self-managing" paradigm for ad hoc naming and management of personal devices regardless of whether they are attached via wireless or wired networking technologies. This is largely the wrong list for wireless -- most of the wireless research I'm at least peripherally involved with fits in none of these bins comfortably

54 AREAS OF DICHOTOMY Security: In wired networks, fingerprinting can be foiled by topology/firewalls, but these aren't available to first/last hop wireless Each new protocol opens avenues for attack that can magnify attacker effort Session continuity Media delivery and adaptation

55 DICHOTOMIES INTO THE FUTURE Routing: IPv4 and IPv6 While layering has permitted great strides in the past, it has also caused networking research to be performed in an application agnostic manner. Perhaps this is hampering the next big revolution in networking Integrating wireless networks and mobile users efficiently will require greater awareness of network conditions and disconnected/opportunistic modes that currently don't appear in the CDN model

56 DICHOTOMIES INTO THE FUTURE Handling errors in wireless remains an open issue, especially when performanceenhancing proxies aren't an option Different layers of the network are used to using different approaches, and this can cause contention. Since the user has a single, perhaps longdistance experience built on a composition of underlying resources, both wired and wireless infrastructures, to truly effectively manage this, information and/or analysis will need to flow across that wired/wireless boundary

57 DICHOTOMIES INTO THE FUTURE A consolidated QoS/Security/Mobility framework/solution (all through the stack, possibly except for the application level) Dynamic and adjustable content delivery

58 SUGGESTED READING Section 1.2, Data Communications and Networking 4 th Edition by Behrouz A. Forouzan Sections 1.1, 1.2, Data and Computer Communication 6 th Edition by William Stallings 58

59 SUGGESTED READING Section 1.3, Data Communications and Networking 4 th Edition by Behrouz A. Forouzan Sections 1.3, Data and Computer Communication 6 th Edition by William Stallings 59

60 SUGGESTED READING Section 1.4 Data Communications and Networking 4 th Edition by Behrouz A. Forouzan Sections 1.1,2.1 Data and Computer Communication 6 th Edition by William Stallings 60

61 QUESTIONS/COMMENTS? 61

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