Visibility: A New Metric for Protocol Design
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- Blaise Dixon
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1 Visibility: A ew Metric for Protocol Design Megan Wachs, Jung Il Choi, Jung Woo Lee, Kannan Srinivasan, Zhe Chen*, Mayank Jain, & Philip Levis Stanford University, *Columbia University
2 Visibility What are we doing wrong?
3 Visibility It is difficult to observe what occurs deep within a sensor network. This is the direct result of energy constraints on a mote. This lack of visibility directly hinders development.
4 Contribution This talk is OT about a debugging tool This talk is about quantifying how easy it is to debug a protocol
5 Visibility Cost The energy required to diagnose the cause of a failure or behavior
6 Outline Survey of Failures The Visibility Metric PCP: Clean Slate Design V-Deluge: Incremental Improvement Conclusion
7 Outline Survey of Failures The Visibility Metric PCP: Clean Slate Design V-Deluge: Incremental Improvement Conclusion
8 What kinds of failures are observed in real deployments?
9 What kinds of failures are observed in real deployments? Identifiable Failures
10 What kinds of failures are observed in real deployments? Identifiable Failures System Interactions: software conflicts
11 What kinds of failures are observed in real deployments? Identifiable Failures System Interactions: software conflicts etwork Problems: Saturation & Congestion
12 What kinds of failures are observed in real deployments? Identifiable Failures System Interactions: software conflicts etwork Problems: Saturation & Congestion Protocol Issues: Conflicts & Failures
13 What kinds of failures are observed in real deployments? Identifiable Failures System Interactions: software conflicts etwork Problems: Saturation & Congestion Protocol Issues: Conflicts & Failures Unknown Collisions? Interference? Buggy code? Hardware problems?
14 Effects of Failures on Deployment Performance Great Duck Island: 58% Peter Scott R. Szewczyk, J. Polastre, A. Mainwaring, and D. Culler. An analysis of a large scale habitat monitoring application. In Proceedings of the Second ACM Conference On Embedded etworked Sensor Systems (SenSys), 2004.
15 Effects of Failures on Deployment Performance Great Duck Island: 58% Redwoods : 40% G. Tolle, J. Polastre, R. Szewczyk, D. Culler,. Turner, K. Tu, S. Burgess, T. Dawson, P. Buonadonna, D. Gay,, and W. Hong. A macroscope in the redwoods. In Proceedings of the Third ACM Conference on Embedded etworked Sensor Systems (SenSys), 2005.
16 Effects of Failures on Deployment Performance Great Duck Island: 58% Redwoods : 40% Potato Field: 2% K. Langendoen, A. Baggio, and O. Visser. Murphy loves potatoes: Experiences from a pilot sensor network deployment in precision agriculture. In the Fourteenth Int. Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Real-Time Systems (WPDRTS), 2006.
17 Effects of Failures on Deployment Performance Great Duck Island: 58% Redwoods : 40% Potato Field: 2% Volcan Reventador: 68% G. Werner-Allen, K. Lorincz, J. Johnson, J. Leess, and M. Welsh. Monitoring volcanic eruptions with a wireless sensor network. In Proceedings of the Second European Workshop on Wireless Sensor etworks (EWS), 2005.
18 Management and Debugging Sympathy Lightweight RPC etwork Snooping Tools
19 Example Protocol: Collection Tree
20 Example Protocol: Possible Causes
21 Example Protocol: Possible Causes
22 Example Protocol: Possible Causes
23 Example Protocol: Possible Causes
24 Example Protocol: Possible Causes
25 Example Protocol: Decision Tree Receive o Packets? Disconnection/ Death Seq. # is zero? Reboot Duplicate Suppression? Duplicate Suppression Above Max Tx? Egress Drop Ingress Drop? Ingress Drop Link Layer Failure
26 Outline Survey of Failures The Visibility Metric PCP: Clean Slate Design V-Deluge: Incremental Improvement Conclusion
27 Visibility Metric Visibility Cost: The expected energy of traversing the decision tree to diagnose the cause of a behavior.
28 Visibility Metric Visibility Cost: The expected energy of traversing the decision tree to diagnose the cause of a behavior. Cause A Q1 Cause B Q2 Q3 Cause C Cause D
29 Visibility Metric Visibility Cost: The expected energy of traversing the decision tree to diagnose the cause of a behavior. Cause A Q1: cost = 0 Q2: cost = C Cause B Q3: cost = C Cause C Cause D
30 Visibility Metric Visibility Cost: The expected energy of traversing the decision tree to diagnose the cause of a behavior. Cause A Q1: cost = 0 Q2: cost = C Cause B Q3: cost = C Cause C Cause D
31 Visibility Metric Visibility Cost: The expected energy of traversing the decision tree to diagnose the cause of a behavior. Q1: cost = 0 Cause A Q2: cost = C Cause B C Q3: cost = C Cause C Cause D
32 Visibility Metric Visibility Cost: The expected energy of traversing the decision tree to diagnose the cause of a behavior. Q1: cost = 0 Cause A 0 Q2: cost = C Cause B C Q3: cost = C Cause C 2C Cause D 2C
33 Visibility Metric Visibility Cost: The expected energy of traversing the decision tree to diagnose the cause of a behavior. Q1: cost = 0 Cause A Q2: cost = C Cause B 0.25 C Q3: cost = C Cause C C Cause D C
34 Visibility Metric Visibility Cost: The expected energy of traversing the decision tree to diagnose the cause of a behavior. Q1: cost = 0 Cause A Q2: cost = C Cause B 0.25 C Q3: cost = C Cause C C Cause D 0.25 Visibility Cost = 1.25 C 2C
35 Increasing Visibility Q1: cost = 0 Cause A Q2: cost = C Cause B 0.33 C Cause C 0.33 C Remove Leaves From the Tree Visibility Cost = 0.66 C
36 Increasing Visibility Q1: cost = 0 Cause A Q2: cost = Cause B Cause C Reduce Cost of Questions Visibility Cost = 0.00 C
37 Outline Survey of Failures The Visibility Metric PCP: Clean Slate Design V-Deluge: Incremental Improvement Conclusion
38 A Design Example: Pull Collection Protocol
39 Diagnosing Why Packets Were Lost Receive o Packets? Disconnection/ Death Seq. # is zero? Reboot Jump in THLs? Duplicate Suppression Above Max Tx? Egress Drop Ingress Drop? Ingress Drop Link Layer Failure
40 Diagnosing Why Packets Were Lost Receive o Packets? Disconnection/ Death Seq. # is zero? Reboot Jump in THLs? Duplicate Suppression Above Max Tx? Egress Drop Ingress Drop? Ingress Drop Link Layer Failure
41 Eliminating Egress Drops Receive o Packets? Disconnection/ Death Seq. # is zero? Reboot Jump in THLs? Duplicate Suppression Ingress Drop? Ingress Drop Link Layer Failure
42 Eliminating Ingress Drops Traditional Rate Control
43 Eliminating Ingress Drops Traditional Rate Control
44 Eliminating Ingress Drops Traditional Rate Control
45 Eliminating Ingress Drops Pull-Based Rate Control
46 Eliminating Ingress Drops Pull-Based Rate Control
47 Eliminating Ingress Drops Pull-Based Rate Control
48 Eliminating Ingress Drops Pull-Based Rate Control
49 Eliminating Ingress Drops Receive o Packets? Disconnection/ Death Seq. # is zero? Reboot Jump in THLs? Duplicate Suppression Ingress Drop? Ingress Drop Link Layer Failure
50 Eliminating Ingress Drops Receive o Packets? Disconnection/ Death Seq. # is zero? Reboot Jump in THLs? Duplicate Suppression Link Layer Failure
51 PCP Decision Tree Receive o Packets? Disconnection/ Death Seq. # is zero? Reboot Jump in THLs? Duplicate Suppression Link Layer Failure Traverse the remainder with information included in packets, used by the protocol itself
52 Evaluating PCP 40-ode MoteLab Testbed PCP: sending as fast as possible. MultihopLQI: 1300ms, 800ms, and 20ms packet generation interval Interference-Aware SIGCOMM 2006 Fair Rate Control (IFRC): Results from Metrics: Reliability Fairness Throughput Visibility
53 PCP Performance Delivery Probability MultihopLQI 1300ms IFRC PCP MultihopLQI 800ms Throughput (pps)
54 PCP Fairness Fairness (JFI) PCP MultihopLQI1300ms MultihopLQI800ms MultihopLQI20ms IFRC
55 PCP Visibility MultihopLQI visibility cost at 800ms interval: 1.615C PCP visibility cost: 0.00 C
56 Outline Survey of Failures The Visibility Metric PCP: Clean Slate Design V-Deluge: Incremental Improvement Conclusion
57 Applying Visibility: Deluge Dissemination Protocol Advertises odes new binary with advertisement packets send requests for new binary from best neighbor Why does a node still have an out-of-date binary? Two expensive causes to diagnose: Suppressions Interference due to misbehaving nodes during binary transmission
58 V-Deluge Suppressions Due to Misbehaving odes: Identify and ignore faulty nodes Interference during binary transmission
59 V-Deluge Suppressions Due to Misbehaving odes: Identify and ignore faulty nodes Interference during binary transmission Request
60 V-Deluge Suppressions Due to Misbehaving odes: Identify and ignore faulty nodes Interference during binary transmission Request
61 V-Deluge Suppressions Due to Misbehaving odes: Identify and ignore faulty nodes Interference during binary transmission
62 V-Deluge Visibility Deluge Visibility: 1.02 C V-Deluge Visibility: 1.00 C
63 Total Packets Sent (thousands) V-Deluge Performance Deluge V-Deluge Time (sec)
64 Percentage of odes with Full Binary V-Deluge Performance Deluge V-Deluge 100% 75% 50% 25% 0% Time (sec)
65 Outline Survey of Failures The Visibility Metric PCP: Clean Slate Design V-Deluge: Incremental Improvement Conclusion
66 Future Work Refining the visibility metric Visibility in networks with multiple protocols depends on isolation between protocols
67 Conclusions We should consider the visibility of a protocol along with traditional metrics The visibility metric provides a new way for thinking about and comparing protocols Visibility has broader implications: systems, languages
68 Comments & Questions?
69 Extra Slides
70 Management and Debugging Sympathy Receive o Packets? Seq. # is zero? Disconnection Reboot Duplicate Suppression? Above Max Tx? Alien Failure? Default Overload? Duplicates Egress Drop Ingress Drop? Ingress Drop Overload Gamma Ray? Alien Failure Deadlock Suppression? Alpha Radiation Flipped Bits Suppression Link Layer Failure
71 Management and Debugging Sympathy Receive o Packets? Disconnection Link Layer Failure
72 Increasing Visibility Q1: cost = 0 Cause A Q2: cost = C Cause B 0.33 C Cause C 0.10 C Reduce Probability of Expensive Causes Visibility Cost = 0.43 C
73 Conclusions Are we just changing the question: Why is the network dropping packets? becomes Why is a node not sending any packets?
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