Signaling System No. 7 (Zeichengabesystem Nr. 7)
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1 Signaling System No. 7 (Zeichengabesystem Nr. 7) SS#7, SS7,... Common Channel Signaling System No. 7, C7, CCS7,... (ZGS-Nr. 7) SS
2 Terms (Begriffe) Communication Networks I + II (Kommunikationsnetze I + II) (old: German Version of Script: see web site SS
3 Signaling System No. 7 global standard for telecommunications defined by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) (Q.700-Q.795) standard defines the procedures and protocols by which network elements in the public switched telephone network (PSTN) exchange information over a digital signaling network to effect wireless (cellular) and wireline call setup, routing and control ITU definition of SS7 allows for national variants such as the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) used in North America and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) standard used in Europe SS
4 SS7 network and protocol used for: basic call setup, management, and release mobile services, mobile roaming, and mobile subscriber authentication local number portability (LNP) toll-free (800) and toll (900) wireline services enhanced call features such as call forwarding, calling party name/number display, and threeway calling, conference calls assures efficient and secure worldwide telecommunications SS
5 Advantages of SS7 faster call setup times (compared to in-band signaling using multifrequency (MF) signaling tones) more efficient use of voice circuits support for Intelligent Network (IN) services which require signaling to network elements without voice trunks (e.g., database systems) improved control over fraudulent network usage SS
6 Signalling Points Each node in SS7 network is called a Signalling Point and is uniquely identified by a numeric Point Code Point codes are carried in signalling messages to identify source and destination signalling points Point codes are also used in routing of signalling messages across the network Three types of signalling points 1. SSP (Service Switching Point) Call Originator/terminator Supports call setup procedure Queries to SCP for call route info 2. SCP (Service Control Point) centralized database 3. STP (Signal Transfer Point) A simple packet switch Routes signalling messages performs Global Title Translation May acts as a "firewall" SS
7 SS7 Layers Call Control Applications Transport System MAP... TCAP CAP TUP ISUP SCCP MTP-3 MTP-2 MTP-1 TUP TUP ISUP: ISDN User Part TCAP: Transaction Capabilities Application Part SS MTP: Message Transfer Part SCCP: Signaling Connection Control Part TUP: Telephone User Part
8 Protocol Architecture SS7 OSI layers User of SS# (empty) 3 TCAP User (e.g., MAP, INAP) Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP) Signalling Connection Control Part (SCCP, level 4) ISDN User Part (ISDN-UP, ISUP) (level 4) Telephone User Part (TUP) (level 4) Other MTP Users 2 1 MTP (level 1-3) SS
9 Message Transfer Part The Message Transfer Part (MTP) is divided into three levels (Ebenen). The lowest level, MTP Level 1, is equivalent to the OSI Physical Layer. MTP Level 1 defines the physical, electrical, and functional characteristics of the digital signaling link. Physical interfaces defined include E1 (2048 kbit/s; 32 x 64 kbit/s channels), DS-1 (1544 kbit/s; 24 x 64kbit/s channels), V.35 (64 kbit/s), DS-0 (64 kbit/s), and DS-0A (56 kbit/s). (64 kbit/s -> 2 Mbit/s) MTP Level 2 ensures reliable transmission of a message across a signaling link. Level 2 implements flow control, message sequence validation, and error checking. When an error occurs on a signaling link, the message (or set of messages) is retransmitted. MTP Level 2 is equivalent to the OSI Data Link Layer (Frame similar to HDLC). MTP Level 3 provides message routing between signaling points in the SS7 network. MTP Level 3 re-routes traffic away from failed links and signaling points and controls traffic when congestion occurs. MTP Level 3 is equivalent to the OSI Network Layer (lower part of OSI layer 3, connection-less communication). SS
10 ISDN User Part (ISUP) The ISDN User Part (ISUP) defines the protocol used to set-up, manage, and release trunk circuits that carry voice and data between terminating line exchanges (e.g., between a calling party and a called party). Today ISUP is used for both ISDN and non-isdn calls. However, calls that originate and terminate at the same switch do not use ISUP signaling. TCAP User TCAP (L7) SCCP (L4) ISUP (L4) MTP (level 1-3) TUP (L4) SS
11 Telephone User Part (TUP) In some parts of the world (e.g., China, Brazil), the Telephone User Part (TUP) is used to support basic call setup and tear-down. TUP handles analog circuits only. In many countries, ISUP has replaced TUP for call management. TCAP User TCAP (L7) SCCP (L4) ISUP (L4) MTP (level 1-3) TUP (L4) SS
12 Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP) SCCP provides connection-less and connectionoriented network services and global title translation (GTT) capabilities above MTP Level 3. A global title is an address (e.g., a dialed 800 number, calling card number, or mobile subscriber identification number) which is translated by SCCP into a destination point code and subsystem number. A subsystem number uniquely identifies an application at the destination signaling point. SCCP is used as the transport layer for TCAP-based services. Partially used by ISUP. SS TCAP User TCAP (L7) SCCP (L4) ISUP (L4) TUP (L4) MTP (level 1-3)
13 Transaction Capabilities Applications Part (TCAP) TCAP supports the exchange of non-circuit related data between applications across the SS7 network using the SCCP connectionless service (connection-less). Queries and responses sent between SSPs (Service Switching Point) and SCPs (Service Control Point) in the Intelligent Network (IN) are carried in TCAP messages. For example, a switching point (SP) sends a TCAP query to determine the routing number associated with a dialed 800 number or to check the personal identification number (PIN) of a calling card user. TCAP User TCAP (L7) SCCP (L4) ISUP (L4) In mobile networks (IS-41 and GSM, UMTS, ), TCAP carries Mobile Application Part (MAP) messages sent between mobile switches and databases to support user authentication, equipment identification, and roaming. TUP (L4) MTP (level 1-3) SS
14 Signaling Network and Bearer Network STP1 STP2 SP A SP C Signaling Network Switch B Switch A Switch C Traffic/Bearer Network SS
15 SP: Signaling Point (Zeichengabeknoten) Network Nodes SS7 layer 1-7 ISUP, TUP,... co-located or part of a switching node STP: Signaling Transfer Point (Transit-Zeichengabeknoten) layer 1-3 Router for SS7 SS
16 a) b) 1 SS#7 channel per traffic channel 0 STP Signaling Point / SP Signaling Transfer Point (STP) Signaling Channel SS#7 Traffic Channel 2 SS#7 channels per traffic channel 1 STP c) d) 3 SS#7 channels per traffic channel 2 STP 4 SS#7 channels per traffic channel 3 STP SS
17 Number of switching nodes (Vermittlungsknoten) for a typical ISDN end-to-end connection local connection national connection international connection Number of switching nodes SS
18 ISDN QoS (ITU-T E.721) D-channel access time (D-Kanal-Zugriffszeit) Connection setup time (Verbindungsaufbauzeit) time between sending dialling information (Setup) and the alerting (Alerting) or busy signal (Indication) Time of answer delay (Antwortverzögerungszeit) time between sending the connection acknowledgement (Connect: called party) until it reaches the caller (Connect: calling party) Connection release time (Verbindungsabbauzeit) time between sending the disconnect request (Disconnect) and receiving the Release answer (Release) Congestion Probability (gassenbesetzt) Probability that the network cannot set-up a connection to the B subscriber, although the B subscriber is not busy SS
19 SS7 message types for ISDN connection setup and release IAM Initial Address Message sent in forward direction to install a traffic channel between A and B, Parameters: calling and called number ACM Address Complete Message sent in backwards direction to signals that the information for connection setup is complete and trunk circuit has been reserved. CPG Call Progress Message signals state of connection set-up, e.g., that B is being alerted ANM Answer Message signals that traffic channel can be activated REL Release Message signals that traffic channel can be released RLC Release Complete Message sent after release of the traffic channel SS
20 Calling subscriber A Subscriber Local Exchange A Transit Exchange Subscriber Local Exchange B Called subscriber B Setup Billing Starts Alerting IAM ACM CPG ANM IAM ACM CPG ANM Setup Alerting Connect Connect Traffic Channel Billing Ends Disconnect Release REL RLC SS7 REL RLC Disconnect Successful ISDN connection set-up SS
21 Type Code ISUP: Message type ACM 06 Address Complete ANM 09 Answer BLA 15 Blocking Acknowledgement BLO 13 Blocking CCR 11 Continuity Check Request CFN 2F Confusion CGB 18 Circuit Group Blocking CGBA 1A Circuit Group Blocking Acknowledgement SS
22 CGU 19 Circuit Group Unblocking CGUA 1B Circuit Group Unblocking Acknowledgement CMC 1D Call Modification Completed CMR 1C Call Modification Request CMRJ 1E Call Modification Reject CON 07 Connect COT 05 Continuity CPG 2C Call Progress CQM 2A Circuit Group Query CQR 2B Circuit Group Query Response SS
23 CRG 31 Charge information DRS 27 Delayed Release FAA 20 Facility Accepted FAR 21 Facility Request FOT 08 Forward Transfer FRJ 1F Facility Reject GRA 17 Circuit Group Reset Acknowledgement GRS 29 Circuit Group Reset IAM 01 Initial Address Message INF 04 Information SS
24 INR 03 Information Request LPA 24 Loop Back Acknowledgement OLM 30 Overload PAM 28 Pass Along REL 0C Release RES 0E Resume RLC 10 Release Complete RSC 12 Reset Circuit SAM 02 Subsequent Address Message SUS 0D Suspend SS
25 UBA 16 Unblocking Acknowledgement UBL 14 Unblocking UCIC 2E Unequipped Circuit Identification Code USR 2D User to User Information 0A Reserved 0B Reserved 0F Reserved 22 Reserved 23 Reserved 25 Reserved 26 Reserved SS
26 Calling subscriber Subscriber Local Exchange Transit Exchange Subscriber Local Exchange Called subscriber Setup Alerting IAM ACM CPG IAM ACM CPG Setup Alerting Disconnect Release REL RLC REL RLC Disconnect ISDN connection set-up (subscriber B does not answer) SS
27 Calling subscriber A Subscriber Local Exchange Transit Exchange Subscriber Local Exchange Called subscriber B Setup Indication IAM REL (busy) RLC IAM REL (busy) RLC ISDN connection set-up (subscriber B busy) SS
28 QoS circuit switched ISDN services Quality of service parameter (ITU-T E.721) Normal load (100%) Higher load (115%) mean 95 % mean 95% D-channel access time Connection setup time 0.6 s 1.0 s 1.0 s 2.0 s local connection national connection international connection Congestion Probability local connection national connection international connection 3.0 s 5.0 s 8.0 s 2% 3% 5% 6.0 s 8.0 s 11.0 s SS
29 Maximum time allowed for total connection set-up time according to I.352 connection set-up time mean 7.5 s 95 % 8.45 s I.352 (03/93) Network performance objectives for connection processing delays in ISDN SS
30 Reference Connection between two users MPT MPI MPI MPT T or S/T IB IB T or S/T Transit AE Transit AE (nat. part) (nat. part) User User AE Transit AE (int. part) User AE User AE Access Element IB International Border MPT Measurement Point MPI Measurement Point Int. SS
31 Connection set-up delay connection set-up delay mean 1.7 s 95 % 2.3 s Connection set-up delay of international network part connection set-up delay mean 2.9 s 95 % 3.6 s Connection set-up delay of national network part SS
32 Maximum number of SPs and STPs Number of SPs Number of STPs International Network Part 3 4 National Network Part SS
33 Parameters for the calculation of connection processing delays SS
34 "SS7" Developments Fixed and mobile telephone network operators are designing a socalled All IP architecture including support for signaling system 7 (SS7) signaling protocols The benefits of using an IP network in comparison to a legacy TDM- (time division multiplex) based network include: Ease of deployment When using signaling gateways, there is no need to disrupt the existing SS7 network, and future enhancements are transparent. Less costly equipment There is no need for further expensive investments in the legacy signaling elements. Better efficiency Signaling over an IP network does not require the physical E1/T1 over synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) rings. Using new technologies like IP over SDH and IP over fiber, for instance, can achieve much higher throughput. Higher bandwidth Signaling information over IP does not constrain link capacity as it does in the SS7 network. The IP network is much more flexible than the TDM-based legacy network. Enhanced services Implementing a core IP network facilitates a variety of new solutions and value-added services (VAS). see e.g. SIGTRAN IETF group SS
35 ISDN Numbering Plan ITU-T E.163-E.165 CC NDC SN CC NDC SN Country Code, defined in E.164 (Landeskennzahl) National Destination Code (Ortsnetzkennzahl) Subscriber Number (Teilnehmernummer) SS
36 References SS
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