NETWORK SECURITY ITEC 435

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1 NETWORK SECURITY ITEC 435

2 Agenda Chapter 2: Introduction to Networking

3 Introduction to Networking

4 Networking Fundamentals Reasons to Network Getting the Message Across Analog Information on an Analog Medium Analog Information on a Digital Medium Digital to Analog Digital to Digital

5 Networking Fundamentals (cont.) Combining Multiple Signals Frequency Division Multiplexing Time Division Multiplexing Wave Division Multiplexing

6 Networking Fundamentals (cont.) Impedance to Communication Attenuation Crosstalk Distortion Echo Impulse noise Jitter White noise

7 Types of Networks Networks Categorized by Components peer-to-peer (P2P) server based networks distributed multi-server networks Networks Categorized by Size local area network (LAN) metropolitan area network (MAN) Wide area network (WAN) Networks Categorized by Topology Star Bus Ring

8 Bus Ring Star

9 Types of Networks (cont.) Networks Categorized by Media guided/wired unguided/wireless

10 Standards Organizations The Internet Society (ISOC) Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) International Telecommunications Union (ITU) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

11 OSI Reference Model Host Layers Media Layers Data Unit Layer Function Data 7. Application Network process to application 6. Presentation Data representation and encryption 5. Session Interhost communication Segments 4. Transport End-to-end connections and reliability (TCP) Packets 3. Network Path determination and logical address (IP) Frames 2. Data Link Physical addressing (MAC & LLC) Bits 1. Physical Media, signal, and binary transmission

12 Physical Layer Twisted Pair Wire Shielded (STP) (token ring network) Unshielded (UTP) Cat 5e Cat 6 Cat 6a Cat

13 Physical Layer (cont.) Coaxial Cable Fiber-Optic Cable Wireless LAN Advantages Convenience Mobility Productivity Deployment Expandability Cost Disadvantages Security Range Reliability Speed

14 Physical Layer (cont.) Security Primary focus to protect the medium against unauthorized interception Eavesdropping Unauthorized access to connection devices like hubs Use of packet sniffers (i.e., special software used to capture and view packets) Fiber-optic cable is naturally resistant to eaves dropping

15 Data Link Layer (DLL) Data Link Layer primary layer for networking support First subnet layer Provides Addressing Packetizing Media access control Error control Some flow control DLL Protocols Ethernet Table 2-1 Wireless Ethernet Table 2-2 Token Ring Fiber Distributed Data Interface Asynchronous Transfer Mode Frame Relay PPP, PPTP, L2TP

16 Data Link Layer (cont.) Packet Framing Addressing Media Access Control Deterministic Approach Roll-call polling Go-ahead polling Contention Approach CSMA/CA and CSMA/CD Fist-come, first-served basis

17 Network Layer Packetizing 0 bits Header Header 32 bits Type of service Type of service version length (8 bits) (16 bits) (4 bits) (4 bits) Identification (16 bits) Flags (3 bits) Header checksum (16 bits) Time to live (8 bits) Protocol (8 bits) Header checksum (16 bits) Source IP address (32 bits) Destination IP address (32 bits) Options Data

18 Network Layer (cont.) Addressing Figure 2-17 Class A Class B Class C Class D (reserved) Class E (reserved)

19 Required Reading pp Review Table 2-3 IP Address Classes Network Address Translation (NAT) Subnetting Routing Gateway Protocol Boarder Gateway Protocol Network layer security Transport Layer Error Control Security Table 2-4 Well-Known Port Numbers Session Layer Presentation Layer

20 Application Layer Table 2-5 Common Application Layer Protocols HTTP IMAP, POP, SMTP FTP RPC Application Layer Security

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